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    Fundamental-Naming Inorganic Compounds

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    The document discusses naming conventions for chemical compounds including ions, acids, and bases. Ionic compounds are named by combining the name of the cation and anion. Molecular compounds are named by identifying the elements present and using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. Oxyanions are named using suffixes like -ate or -ite depending on the number of oxygen atoms. Acids are named using prefixes like hydro- and suffixes like -ic depending on their constituents.

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    Fundamental-Naming Inorganic Compounds

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    mdnishathasan141
    24 views52 pages
    The document discusses naming conventions for chemical compounds including ions, acids, and bases. Ionic compounds are named by combining the name of the cation and anion. Molecular compounds are named by identifying the elements present and using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. Oxyanions are named using suffixes like -ate or -ite depending on the number of oxygen atoms. Acids are named using prefixes like hydro- and suffixes like -ic depending on their constituents.

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    1. Fundamental-Naming Inorganic Compounds

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    The document discusses naming conventions for chemical compounds including ions, acids, and bases. Ionic compounds are named by combining the name of the cation and anion. Molecular compounds are named by identifying the elements present and using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. Oxyanions are named using suffixes like -ate or -ite depending on the number of oxygen atoms. Acids are named using prefixes like hydro- and suffixes like -ic depending on their constituents.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views52 pages

    Fundamental-Naming Inorganic Compounds

    Uploaded by

    mdnishathasan141
    The document discusses naming conventions for chemical compounds including ions, acids, and bases. Ionic compounds are named by combining the name of the cation and anion. Molecular compounds are named by identifying the elements present and using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. Oxyanions are named using suffixes like -ate or -ite depending on the number of oxygen atoms. Acids are named using prefixes like hydro- and suffixes like -ic depending on their constituents.

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    CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES

    11th, Sep., 2019


    NEW
    BEGINNING
    NEW CAMPUS
    NEW FRIENDS,
    NEW CLASSMATES
    WELCOM
    Wei, Yongli (韦永莉)
    Tel： 15238610176
    Email：weiyongli@zzu.edu.cn
    CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
    ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY
    About Chemistry Property

    Molecul
    e Mattter Element

    Components
    and
    Arrangements
    Atom

    Chemistry : is the study of matter and the


    changes that matter undergoes.
    Why study chemistry？

    Biology
    “Central Science”
    Other field Engineering

    Chemistry Agriculture
    Materialogy

    Chemistry is the central science,


    Pharmacy central to a fundamental
    Geology
    understanding of other sciences
    and technologies.
    Solar cells

    “Young Girl Reading”


    A Renaissance painting

    The light from this firefly is the result of


    a chemical reaction within the animal.
    By studying chemistry, you will learn to
    use the powerful language and ideas that
    have evolved to describe and enhance our
    understanding of matter. Furthermore, an
    understanding of chemistry provides
    powerful insights into other areas of modern
    science, technology, and engineering.
    TEXTBOOK

    CHEMISTRY -
    THE CENTRAL SCIENCE

    Theodore L. Brown
    H. Eugene LEMay, Jr.
    Bruce E. Bursten
    Catherine J. Murphy
    Patrick M. Woodward
    Advice for Learning and
    Studying Chemistry

    • Don’t fall behind!


    • Focus your study.
    • Keep good lecture notes.
    • Skim topics in the text before they are covered in
    lecture.
    • Learn the language of chemistry.
    • Attempt the assigned end-of-chapter exercises.
    CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
    1. Fundamentals
    2. Matters and Measurement
    3. States of the Matter
    4. Thermodynamics
    5. Physical Equilibria
    6. Chemical Equilibria
    7. Acids and Bases
    8. Aqueous Equilibria
    9. Electrochemisty
    10. Chemical Kinetics
    11. The Quantum World
    12. Atoms
    13. Chemical Bonds
    14. Molecular Shape and Structure
    15. Coordination Chemistry
    Naming Inorganic Compounds
    (Nomenclature)
    Traditional names (common names):
    as water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3),

    Many of the names were derived from their physical


    appearance, properties, origin, or application—
    Milk of magnesia，Mg(OH)2
    Laughing gas, N 2O
    Limestone， CaCO3
    Caustic soda NaOH
    Washing soda， Na2CO3
    Baking soda， NaHCO3
    Organic compounds contain carbon, usually in
    combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen,
    nitrogen, and sulfur.

    All other compounds are classified as inorganic compounds.

    Carbon monoxide (CO),


    Carbon dioxide (CO2),
    Carbon disulfide (CS2),
    Cyanide group (CN-),
    Carbonate (CO32-)
    Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    metal ions cations
    Ionic compounds
    nonmetal ions anions

    1. Cations
    a. Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name
    as the metal
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    b. If a metal can form cations with different charges, the
    positive charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in
    parentheses following the name of the metal

    Fe2+ iron (II) ion Cu + copper (I) ion


    Fe3+ iron (III) ion Cu 2+ copper (II) ion

    Different ions of the same element


    have different properties.

    Fe3O4 and Fe2O3


    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    An older method uses the endings -ous and -ic added to the
    root of the element’s Latin name:
    Fe2+ ferrous ion Cu + cuprous ion
    Fe3+ ferric ion Cu 2+ cupric ion

    8B
    3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 1B 2B
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds

    c. Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that


    end in –ium:
    NH4+ ammonium ion H3O+ hydronium ion
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    GIVE IT SOME THOUGHT

    a.Why is CrO named using a Roman numeral,


    chromium(II) oxide, whereas CaO is named
    without a Roman numeral, calcium oxide?

    b. What does the -ium ending on the name


    ammonium ion tell you about the composition
    of the ion?
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    2. Anions
    a. The names of monatomic anions are formed by replacing the ending
    of the name of the element with -ide:

    H- hydride ion O 2- oxide ion N 3- nitride ion

    OH- hydroxide ion CN - cyanide ion O 22- peroxide ion


    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    b. Polyatomic anions containing oxygen have names ending in either -ate or
    -ite and are called oxyanions. The -ate is used for the most common or
    representative oxyanion of an element, and -ite is used for an oxyanion
    that has the same charge but one O atom fewer:

    The prefix per- indicates one more O atom than the oxyanion ending in -
    ate; hypo- indicates one O atom fewer than the oxyanion ending in -ite:
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    Procedure for naming anions:
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds

    Common oxyanions. The composition and charges of common oxyanions


    are related to their location in the periodic table.
    EXAMPLE: Determining the Formula of an Oxyanion from Its
    Name
    Based on the formula for the sulfate ion, predict the formula
    for (a) the selenate ion and (b) the selenite ion. (Sulfur and
    selenium are both in group 6A and form analogous oxyanions.)

    SOLUTION
    (a)The sulfate ion is SO 4 2- . The analogous selenate ion is
    therefore SeO42-.
    (b)The ending -ite indicates an oxyanion with the same charge
    but one O atom fewer than the corresponding oxyanion that
    ends in -ate. Thus, the formula for the selenite ion is SeO32 - .
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    c. Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by adding as a
    prefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogen, as appropriate:

    bicarbonate ion HSO4- bisulfate ion


    3. Ionic Compounds
    Names of ionic compounds consist of the cation name followed by
    the anion name:
    Names and Formulas of Ionic
    Compounds
    Example: Determining the Names of Ionic Compounds from Their
    Formulas
    Name the ionic compounds (a) K2SO4, (b) Ba(OH)2, (c) FeCl3.

    Solution:
    (a)The cation is K+, the potassium ion, and the anion is SO42-, the sulfate
    ion, making the name potassium sulfate.

    (b) The cation is Ba2+, the barium ion, and the anion is OH-, the hydroxide
    ion: barium hydroxide.

    (c) The compound is iron(III) chloride or ferric chloride.


    PRACTICE EXERCISE
    Name the ionic compounds：
    (a) NH4Br, (b) Cr2O3, (c) Co(NO3)2.

    Answers: (a) ammonium bromide,


    (b) chromium(III) oxide,
    (c) cobalt(II) nitrate
    Common Anions
    Determining the Formulas of Ionic Compounds from
    Their Names
    Write the chemical formulas for (a) potassium sulfide, (b)
    calcium hydrogen carbonate, (c) nickel(II) perchlorate.

    Solution
    (a) The potassium ion is K + , and the sulfide ion is S 2- .
    Because ionic compounds are electrically neutral, two K+
    ions are required to balance the charge of one S 2- ion,
    giving K2S for the empirical formula.

    (b) The calcium ion is Ca2+. The carbonate ion is CO32-,


    so the hydrogen carbonate ion is HCO3-. Two HCO3- ions
    are needed to balance the positive charge of Ca2+, giving
    Ca(HCO3)2.
    (c) The nickel(II) ion is Ni 2+ . The perchlorate ion is
    ClO4-. Two ClO4- ions are required to balance the charge
    on one Ni2+ ion, giving Ni(ClO4)2.

    PRACTICE EXERCISE
    Give the chemical formulas for (a) magnesium sulfate,
    (b) silver sulfide, (c) lead(II) nitrate.

    Answers: (a) MgSO4, (b) Ag2S, (c) Pb(NO3)2


    Molecular Compounds
    Many molecular compounds are binary (two-element)
    compounds.

    1. We place the name of the first element in the


    formula first, and the second element is named by
    adding -ide to the root of the element name.

    Some examples are :


    HCl hydrogen chloride
    HBr hydrogen bromide
    SiC silicon carbide
    Molecular Compounds
    2. Use Greek prefixes to denote
    the number of atoms of each
    element present in different
    compounds with same elements.
    Molecular Compounds
    The following guidelines are helpful in naming compounds
    with prefixes:

    • The prefix “mono-” may be omitted for the first


    element.
    PCl3 phosphorus trichloride

    • For oxides, the ending “a” in the prefix is sometimes


    omitted.
    N 2O 4 dinitrogen tetroxide
    Molecular Compounds
    Some common, nonsystematic names:
    Molecular Compounds
    Example
    Name the following molecular compounds: (a) SiCl4 and (b) P4O10.
    Solution
    (a) Because there are four chlorine atoms present, the compound is silicon
    tetrachloride.
    (b) There are four phosphorus atoms and ten oxygen atoms present, so the
    compound is tetraphosphorus decoxide. Note that the “a” is omitted in
    “deca.”

    Write chemical formulas for the following molecular compounds: (a)


    carbon disulfide and (b) disilicon hexabromide.
    Solution
    (a) Because there are two sulfur atoms and one carbon atom present, the
    formula is CS2.
    (b) There are two silicon atoms and six bromine atoms present, so the
    formula is Si2Br6.
    Acids and Bases
    1. Naming Acids
    An acid can be described as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+)
    when dissolved in water.
    Anions whose names end in “-ide” form acids with a “hydro-” prefix
    and an “-ic” ending
    Acids and Bases
    Acids and Bases
    Oxoacids are acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another element
    (the central element).

    1. Addition of one O atom to the “-ic” acid: The acid is called “per . . . -
    ic” acid. Thus, adding an O atom to HClO3 changes chloric acid to
    perchloric acid, HClO4.

    2. Removal of one O atom from the “-ic” acid: The acid is called “-ous”
    acid. Thus, nitric acid, HNO3, becomes nitrous acid, HNO2.

    3. Removal of two O atoms from the “-ic” acid: The acid is called
    “hypo . . . -ous” acid. Thus, when HBrO3 is converted to HBrO, the
    acid is called hypobromous acid.
    Acids and Bases
    The rules for naming oxoanions, anions of oxoacids, are as follows:
    1. When all the H ions are removed from the “-ic” acid, the anion’s name
    ends with “-ate.” For example, the anion CO32- derived from H2CO3 is called
    carbonate.
    2. When all the H ions are removed from the “-ous” acid, the anion’s name
    ends with “-ite.” Thus, the anion ClO2- derived from HClO2 is called chlorite.
    3. The names of anions in which one or more but not all the hydrogen ions
    have been removed must indicate the number of H ions present. For
    example, consider the anions derived from phosphoric acid:
    Acids and Bases
    Names of Oxoacids and Oxoanions That Contain Chlorine

    Example:
    Name the following oxoacid and oxoanion: (a) H3PO3 and (b) IO4- .
    Solution
    (a) We start with our reference acid, phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Because
    H3PO3 has one fewer O atom, it is called phosphorous acid.
    (b) The parent acid is HIO4. Because the acid has one more O atom
    than our reference iodic acid (HIO3), it is called periodic acid.
    Therefore, the anion derived from HIO4 is called periodate.
    Acids and Bases
    2. Naming Bases
    A base can be described as a substance that yields
    hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

    NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-


    Ammonia ammonium ion
    Hydrates
    Hydrates are compounds that have a specific number of
    water molecules attached to them.
    CuSO4  5H2O copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
    CuSO4 anhydrous copper(II) sulfate

    Some other hydrates are


    Familiar Inorganic Compounds
    Common and Systematic Names of Some Compounds
    Exercises：
    Solutions：

    D.1 (a) bromite (b) HSO3-

    D.4 (a) Ba(OH)2 (b) Co3(PO3)2 (c) MnBr2 (d) Cr2S3

    D.5

    D.29
    Thanks！

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