Astm G57 06

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.

Designation: G57 – 06
Standard Test Method for

Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner
Four-Electrode Method1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G57; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope separation should be selected with consideration of the soil

1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures strata of interest. The resulting resistivity measurement repre-
for the field measurement of soil resistivity, both in situ and for sents the average resistivity of a hemisphere of soil of a radius
samples removed from the ground, for use in the control of equal to the electrode separation.
corrosion of buried structures. 3.2 A voltage is impressed between the outer electrodes,
1.2 To convert cm (metric unit) to metre (SI unit), divide by causing current to flow, and the voltage drop between the inner
100. electrodes is measured using a sensitive voltmeter. Alterna-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the tively, the resistance can be measured directly. The resistivity,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the r, is then:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- r,V·cm 5 2p aR ~a in cm!
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5 191.5 aR~a in ft!
2. Terminology iTeh Standards where:

a = electrode separation, and
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2.1 Definition: R = resistance, V.
2.1.1 resistivity—the electrical resistance between opposite Using dimensional analysis, the correct unit for resistivity is
faces of a unit cube of material; the reciprocal of conductivity.
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ohm-centimetre.
Resistivity is used in preference to conductivity as an expres- 3.3 If the current-carrying (outside) electrodes are not
sion of the electrical character of soils (and waters) since it is spaced at the same interval as the potential-measuring (inside)
expressed in whole numbers. electrodes, the resistivity, r is:
2.1.2 Resistivity measurements indicate the relative ability
ASTM G57-06
of a medium to carry electrical currents. When a metallic b
r, V·cm 5 95.76 b R/ 1 2 b 1 a
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structure is immersed in a conductive medium, the ability of
S D
the medium to carry current will influence the magnitude of where:
galvanic currents and cathodic protection currents. The degree b = outer electrode spacing, ft,
of electrode polarization will also affect the size of such a = inner electrode spacing, ft, and
currents. R = resistance, V.
or:
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The Wenner four-electrode method requires that four
b
r, V·cm 5 p b R/ 1 2 b 1 a S D
metal electrodes be placed with equal separation in a straight
line in the surface of the soil to a depth not exceeding 5 % of where:
the minimum separation of the electrodes. The electrode b = outer electrode spacing, cm,
a = inner electrode spacing, cm, and
R = resistance, V.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on 3.4 For soil contained in a soil box similar to the one shown
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.10 on
Corrosion in Soils. in Fig. 1, the resistivity, r, is:
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally r, V·cm 5 R A/a
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as G57 – 95a (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/G0057-06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
G57 – 06
FIG. 1 Typical Connections for Use of Soil Box with Various Types of Instruments
where:
R = resistance, V, iTeh Standards
cathodic protection systems. As an essential design parameter
for cathodic protection systems, it is important to take as many
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measurements as necessary so as to get a sufficiently represen-
A = cross sectional area of the container perpendicular to
the current flow, cm2, and tative characterization of the soil environment that the entire
a = inner electrode spacing, cm. buried structure will experience.
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NOTE 1—The spacing between the inner electrodes should be measured
5. Apparatus
from the inner edges of the electrode pins, and not from the center of the
electrodes. 5.1 At-Grade Measurements in situ:
4. Significance and Use ASTM G57-065.1.1 The equipment required for field resistivity measure-
ments to be taken at grade consists of a current source, a
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4.1 Measurement of soil resistivity is used for the control of suitable voltmeter, ammeter, or galvanometer, four metal
corrosion of buried structures. Soil resistivity is used both for electrodes, and the necessary wiring to make the connections
the estimation of expected corrosion rates and for the design of shown in Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 Wiring Diagram for Typical dc Vibrator-Current Source

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.

Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.

Standard Test Method for

1. Scope separation should be selected with consideration of the soil

2. Terminology iTeh Standards where:

FIG. 2 Wiring Diagram for Typical dc Vibrator-Current Source

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