Week 2: Chemistry Paper 1

This question is about the periodic table and argon.

1.
(a) What order did scientists use to arrange elements in early periodic tables?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Atomic weight of element

Number of neutrons in an atom of element

Size of atoms of element

Year element was discovered

(1)

(b) In early periodic tables some elements were placed in the wrong groups.

Mendeleev overcame some of these problems in his periodic table.

Complete the sentence.

Mendeleev did this by leaving __________________ for elements that had not

been discovered.
(1)

(c) What is the name of the group that contains argon?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Alkali metals

Halogens

Noble gases

(1)

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(d) An atom of argon is represented as

Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons in one atom of argon.

Number of protons _________________

Number of neutrons _______________

(2)

(e) Different atoms of argon are, and

What is the name given to these different atoms of argon?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Fullerenes

Ions

Isotopes

Molecules

(1)

(f) What is the electronic structure of an argon atom, ?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

2 2, 8 2, 8, 2 2, 8, 8

(1)

(g) Why is argon unreactive?

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(1)
(Total 8 marks)

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 This question is about Group 1 elements.
2.
(a) Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

(1)

(b) 4.6 g of sodium reacts with chlorine to produce 11.7 g of sodium chloride.

What mass of chlorine reacted?

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Mass of chlorine = ____________________ g

(1)

(c) A teacher puts hot sodium into a gas jar of chlorine.

The changes seen before, during and after this reaction were observed.

Complete the sentences.

Choose the answers from the box.

colourless green lilac silver white yellow

Sodium is a _________________ solid.

Chlorine is a _______________ gas.

The hot sodium burns with a _______________ flame.

The product sodium chloride is a _______________ solid.

(4)

(d) Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound.

Write the formulae of the ions in sodium chloride.

Sodium ion _________________

Chloride ion _______________

(2)

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(e) Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

an atom an electron a neutron a proton

Potassium is more reactive than sodium.

This is because potassium loses ____________________ more easily than sodium.

(1)

(f) How does the size of a potassium atom compare with the size of a sodium atom?

Give a reason for your answer.

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Reason ____________________________________________________________

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(2)
(Total 11 marks)

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 This question is about oxygen.
3.
(a) Hydrogen reacts with oxygen.

2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) ⟶ 2 H2O (g)

Figure 1 shows the relative energies of the reactants and products at a certain
temperature.

Figure 1

Label the activation energy on Figure 1.

(1)

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(b) Determine the overall energy change for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen shown
in part (a).

Use Figure 1.

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Energy change = ____________________ kJ

(2)

(c) Oxygen is in Group 6 of the periodic table.

Figure 2 shows the outer energy levels in one molecule of oxygen (O2).

Draw the electrons in the outer energy levels in Figure 2.

Figure 2

(2)

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 (d) The equation shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

The table shows the bond energies.

Bond O–O O=O O–H

Bond dissociation energy 138 496 463

in kJ per mole

Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction.

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Energy change = ____________________ kJ

(3)
(Total 8 marks)

This question is about electrolysis.

4.
(a) Some metals are extracted from molten compounds using electrolysis.

Why is electrolysis used to extract some metals?

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(1)

(b) Aluminium is produced by electrolysis of a molten mixture.

What two substances does the molten mixture contain?

1 _________________________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________
(2)

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(c) Copper and chlorine are produced when molten copper chloride is electrolysed.

Complete the half equation for the reaction at each electrode.

Half equation at negative electrode

Half equation at positive electrode

(2)

The Figure 1 shows the apparatus a student used to electrolyse copper chloride solution.

Figure 1

The student:

• measured the mass of copper deposited on the negative electrode after 60 minutes
• compared the mass deposited with the expected value.

(d) Suggest two reasons why the mass deposited was different from the expected value.

1 _________________________________________________________________

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2 _________________________________________________________________

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(2)

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(e) Figure 2 shows the expected mass of copper produced each minute.

Determine the expected mass of copper after 24 hours.

Use Figure 2.

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Mass = ____________________ mg
(3)

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Silver nitrate solution is electrolysed.

Figure 3 shows the change in mass of the negative electrode over 10 hours.

Figure 3

(f) Determine the mass of the negative electrode at the start of the experiment.

Use Figure 3.

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(1)

(g) Calculate the gradient of the line in Figure 3.

Give the unit.

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Gradient ____________________

Unit ____________________
(3)
(Total 14 marks)

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 This question is about sodium.
5.
(a) Sodium reacts with chlorine.

What is the balanced equation for the reaction?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Na + Cl ⟶ NaCl

Na + Cl2 ⟶ NaCl2

2 Na + Cl2 ⟶ 2 NaCl

2 Na + Cl ⟶ Na2Cl

(1)

(b) Hot sodium is put in a gas jar of chlorine.

Describe the observations made before, during and after the reaction.

Before reaction ______________________________________________________

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During reaction ______________________________________________________

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After reaction ________________________________________________________

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(3)

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(c) Explain why sodium is less reactive than potassium.

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(4)

(d) Chlorine reacts with sodium and with hydrogen.

Compare the structure and bonding in sodium chloride and hydrogen chloride.

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(6)
(Total 14 marks)

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