1

INTRODUCTION

Significance of the Study

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is an economically important vegetable in the

Philippines, were its production account for nearly one- third of the total volume of

the top vegetables. The Philippines is the 7th top eggplant producers in the world.

Eggplant farming provides many small-scale farmers with their major employment

and livelihood (Francisco et al., 2009). Eggplant is considered an economically

important and the most popular vegetable crop in the Philippines as it produce fruits

all year round in almost all part of the country. It is a good source of vitamins, fiber

and minerals; potassium, vitamin C, protein, and other phytonutrients (Maghirang et

al., 2007).

Sundari (2012) described that eggplant can also be utilized as medicine to

reduce cholesterol in blood and it is suitable as diet to regulate hypertension.

Owing to high nutrient content of the eggplant, it is presumed that the demand of

eggplant will increase, so that the production should be increased as well

(Sowinska and Krygier, 2013).

Eggplant production for the last 3 years has decreased. In 2013, the national

production of eggplants reduced 509,380 ton from 519,481 ton in 2011 (Directorate

General of Horticulture, 2014). One of the main causes of such reduction is the

decreasing fertility of the soil and organic matters in the soil (Ullah et al., 2008).

According to Waseem et al. (2013), the use of inorganic fertilizer in long-term

has reduced physical, chemical, and biological traits, as well as organic matters in
 2

the soil, and of course, they will affect efficiency of nutrients absorption. Excessive

application of inorganic fertilizers would contaminate environment and the food yield

that may harm human health (Jagatheeswari, 2013).

In the Philippines natural Farming concoctions which contain live

microorganisms feed both the plant and the soil (especially IMO and LABS). The

inoculation and “cultivation” of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is a very

important practice in Natural Farming as this allows vital nutrients and minerals to be

available to the plants. It also promotes the proliferation of earthworms and other

higher soil organisms which contribute to the overall fertility of the soil. It is

remarkable to notice that plants grow very healthy and virtually pest-free without the

use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers

(https://www.herbanext.com/about/producing-herbs).

Organic concoctions appear to be a good option. It contains a vast amount of

available sources of macro and micronutrients (Kiehl et al., 1999; Spehia et al.,

2018: Siavoshi et al., 2011; Caplan et al., 2017), which benefit not only the plants

but the environment as well. Different sources of organic fertilizer include;

Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ), Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ), Indigenous Micro-

organism (IMO), Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN), and other foliar fertilizers.

Research has shown that organic fertilizers have improved both the quantity and the

quality of eggplant (Raigon, 2010).

One known organic fertilizer is the fermented fruit juice (FFJ) composed of

banana, papaya, and squash. Banana, squash, and papaya have certain properties

that can make our plants stronger and healthier; they are rich in vitamin C. The
 3

bananas are packed with potassium, which encourages fruiting; the papaya and

squash, as their color indicates, are rich in beta-carotene, which are important

crystalline hydrocarbon pigments that occur in the chloroplasts of our plants.

Together, these fruits, when fermented boost the flowering and fruiting of our

veggies. Fermented fruit juice helps the plants because of its capability of dissolving

the chlorophyll in a short period of time to be readily absorbed by the plants due to

its natural enzymes (Van Haute, 2007).

The study on the growth and yield performance of eggplant as influenced by

different organic concoctions will be conducted in an attempt to come up with a

result that is useful to eggplant growers/farmers in increasing their production

through the use of organic concoctions, hence this study will be proposed.

The study aims to identify the most effective organic concoctions in terms of

the following parameters: plant height (cm), days to flower emergence, days to first

harvest, number of fruits, weight of fruits (g), number of marketable fruits, weight of

marketable fruits, and to determine the growth and yield response of each eggplant

cultivars as influenced by different organic concoctions. The study was conducted at

Brgy. Sta. Felomina, Makilala, Cotabato from September 2023 to January 2024.
 4

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Significance of Eggplant

Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. (also known as brinjal and aubergine) is

one of the most important, inexpensive, and popular vegetable crops grown and

consumed in Asia. In the Philippines, eggplant production accounts for more than

30.0% of the total volume of production of the most important vegetables in the

country. Eggplant production provides an important source of cash income,

particularly for small, resource-poor farmers (Hautea et al., 2016). Eggplant is an

economically important vegetable in the Philippines, where its production accounts

for nearly one-third of the total volume of the top vegetables. Eggplant farming

provides many small-scale farmers their major source of employment and livelihood.

Asia produces 87% of the world's eggplant production and accounts for 90%

of the world's production area (Chen et al., 2008). The Philippines ranked 7th among

the world's top eggplant producers although eggplant is grown primarily for domestic

market (Hautea et al., 2007). Eggplant is the leading vegetable crop in the country in

terms of area planted and volume of production. It is accounted for the highest value

and 28% of the total volume of major vegetables grown in the country (ABSP II,

2010).

During the first quarter of 2023, production of eggplant was recorded at 78.14

thousand metric tons, indicating a decrease of -1.3 percent from the 79.15 thousand

metric tons output in the same quarter of 2022. Ilocos Region, the highest producer
 5

of eggplant for this quarter with 32.65 thousand metric tons, shared 41.8 percent to

the country's total production this quarter. The other top producing regions of

eggplant were Central Luzon with 21.0 percent share and CALABARZON with 12.6

percent share (https://psa.gov.ph/vegetable-root-crops).

Significance of Organic Concoctions

Organic concoctions are replacement of chemical based fertilizers, pesticides,

fungicides, repellants, chemical based. Growth enhancers and other synthetic food

ingredients for animals and plants. It helps to avoid the environmental pollution and

expenditure of resources to treat the organic waste (https://anyflip.com/ozpd/icwj/).

Application of organic concoctions improves soil organic matter content, as

well as the total nitrogen content of the soil (Mann et al., 2000). Moreover, organic

concoctions can be used to hasten decomposition process of the waste materials

and to increase the rate of plant growth (Sumedca et al., 2021).

Significance of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)

Fermented plant juice (FPJ) is an organic fertilizer that remains largely

untested and unutilized despite its practical applications regarding agricultural waste

and plant health. Its juice involves the use of sugar to ferment plant material and

create a byproduct viable for use as a plant fertilizer. It is made in a glass or plastic

container with a “loose” or “breathable” lid to allow for “microorganisms in the

solution to produce gases” (Miller et al., 2013). The dilution rates of FPJ are 1:500,
 6

1:800, or 1:1,000 parts FPJ to water. The resulting solution should be used to treat

plants either through being “watered onto plants or into the soil” or as a “foliar spray”

(Weinert et al., 2013).

Fermented fruit juice can be used to increase the fruiting process of plants as

well as to increase yield in some leafy green vegetables. It can be used as a foliar

spray as well as indirect application to the soil, where it feeds the micro biome and

increases soil health (Hubilla, 2020).

Fermented plant juice (FPJ) is one of the natural growth enhancers used in

organic vegetable production (ATI, 2011). Several accounts have been reported

regarding its use (Llamelo et al., 2016), but, the duration of fermentation varies.

According to Jensen et al. (2006), fermentation should be kept for 5-10 days.

Maghirang (2011) recommended that harvesting of fermented product should be

done after 7-10 days. The Agricultural Training Institute (ATI, 2006, 2011) suggested

that plant materials be fermented for 7 days only.

According to the Denona et,.al (2020), stated that Fermented Plant Juice as

liquid fertilizer is widely practiced in organic farms. Based on ROI and BCR, lower

FPJ concentrations were shown to be cost effective. Thus, the recommendation is to

use FPJ t 1.5 tbsp/Lfermented over 5-day duration.

Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)

Fermented Fruit Juice or FFJ is made from sweet ripe fruits, fruit vegetables,

and root crops. Thoroughly blended with crude sugar or molasses and stored for a
 7

short period of time, the fermented extract is applied to the plants to promote fruit

setting (Rochelle, 2019).

Fermented fruit juice is a nutritional activation enzyme and is very effective in

natural farming. It is used to revitalize crops, livestock, and humans. As the main

fruit ingredients, banana, papaya, mango, grape, melon, apple etc. can be used.

Fermented fruit juice (FFJ) can be used to increase the fruiting process of plants as

well as to increase yield (Reickenberg et al., 1998).

Fermented fruit juice contains potassium, which supports the creation of

healthy hormones, as well as increased energy and resistance to disease-causing

oxidants. It can help plants fruit faster and boost production in leafy green veggies. It

can be applied directly to the soil as a foliar spray or indirectly to feed the micro

biome and improve soil health. Sugar-induced fermentation removes nutrients and

enzymes from the fruit, transforming it into a liquid extract that can last a year or

more if refrigerated (Purely, 2022).

Based on the SF Gate Contributor (2021), the following amounts of FFJ is

applied directly to the soil at the rate of 1tsp/ liter of water. The carbohydrates and

sugar content of Fermented Fruit Juice since as source of energy of soil

microorganism, thereby, accelerating their activity. Increased microbial activities

result to the availability of nutrients for plants uptake.

Significance of Fish Amino Acid (FAA)

Fish amino acid (FAA) is a liquid made of fish. It is one of the organic

preparations which is used for improving crop growth development (Priyanka et al.,
 8

2019). The FAA is prepared by mixing the fish waste with brown sugar and is left for

a fermentation period for at least three months. It is of great importance for the

growth of both plants and microorganisms, since it contains different nutrients and

amino acid types (Ramesh et al., 2020). During the early or vegetative stage of

development, FAA is used as a nitrogen source to improve growth and size (Weinert

et al., 2014).

Fish amino acid must be diluted in water before being added to the soil or

sprayed on the leaves of the plants. The official dilution ratio is 1 part FAA to 1,000

parts water. With these proportions, FAA will last a long time, even from the scraps

of 1 fish. FAA is of great value to both plants and microorganisms in their growth

because it contains and abundant amount of nutrients and various types of amino

acids (will constitute a source of nitrogen (N) for plants). It is absorbed directly by the

crops, and it also stimulates the activity of microorganisms. The effects of FAA are

more observable when mixed with a pinch of urea (Fish culture, 2020).

According to Joseph et al. (2014), FAA are cost-effective means of

supplementing soil nitrogen for plant growth and high crop yields; however, improper

or excessive use of N fertilizer can lead to nitrate pollution of ground or surface

water. Thus, the recommended rate is use to the FAA is 1 1/4 tbsp to be applied as a

source of nitrogen during the early or vegetative stage of development to boost

growth and size.

 9

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental Design and Field Lay-out

This experiment was laid out in a two factorial in Randomized Complete Block

design (RCBD) with 8 treatment combinations replicated three times. Each treatment

was randomly selected using the draw lot technique. The experimental field were

divided into 24 plots with each plot measures 3.5m x 1.5m, as shown in Figure 1.

Treatment combination Treatment Application

(DAT)

T1- (A1B1) Calixto F1 + Control -

T2- (A1B2) Calixto F1 + FPJ 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70

T3 - (A1B3) Calixto F1 + FFJ 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70

T4 - (A1B4) Calixto F1 + FAA 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70

T5 - (A2B1) Banate king + Control -

T6- (A2B2) Banate king + FPJ 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70

T7 - (A2B3) Banate king + FFJ 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70

T8 - (A2B4) Banate king + FAA 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70
 10

Figure1. Field Lay-out of the study entitled, "Growth and Yield Performance of
Eggplant Varieties as influenced by different Organic Concoctions" arranged in
RCBD with eight treatments and three replications
 11

Cultural Practices and Management of Eggplant

Soil Analysis

Soil sample collection was done in the area where eggplant plants were

planted. The collected soil was sent to Amas laboratory for soil analysis. Soil testing

was done to check the nutrient present in the soil.

Land Preparation

Land preparation was done 21 days before transplanting. The area were

plowed and harrowed 2 to 3 times alternately at one week interval to prevent the

growth of weeds and ensure good soil aeration and promote an adequate

environment for plant development. It was plowed at a depth of 15-20 cm for better

rooting. The experimental area were divided into three blocks and further subdivided

into eight plots of 3.5m x 1.5m each. An alley of 1m between replication and 50cm

between plots were provided for ease in doing field operations.

Seedling Production

The different varieties of eggplant was sown in seedling trays filled with

garden soil and fine sand at a ratio of 1:1, at a rate of one seed per hole. Before

sowing the growing media was sterilized for 30 minutes to eliminate the pathogen

that maybe present. The seeds were sown at 0.25 to 0.5 inch deep spaced 4 to 5

inches apart. Eggplant seeds were germinate in 7-12 days or after sowing. Different
 12

varieties was sown separately. Watering was done immediately after sowing and

applied regularly, or when need arise.

Fermented Plant Juice Preparation

In making fermented plant juice, the researcher was collected the following

plant material: spinach, camote tops, and madre de cacao. The collected plants

were washed, and weighed to a kilogram of the plant material. It was mixed into a

1kg of molasses in a 1:1 ratio. After mixing, the container was covered with bond

paper and tied with twine and was stored for seven days in a cool place, for

fermentation.

Fermented Fruit Juice Preparation

In making fermented fruit juice the following ingredients were needed,

papaya, mango, banana, and molasses. The fruits was cut into pieces and weighed

1 kg. The cut fruits were placed into a clean container, and a 1 kg of molasses was

added in a 1:1 ratio and mixed well with all the components. The container was

covered and sealed with a bond paper and tied with a twine and were stored for

seven days.
 13

Fish Amino Acid Preparation

In making fish amino acid, the following materials were needed: fish,

molasses, jar, manila paper, and nylon twine. The fish were washed and weighed to

a kilogram. It was chopped into a small pieces and mixed into a jar with a molasses

in a 1:1 ratio. After mixing, the container was covered and sealed with a bond paper

and tied with a twine and was stored for thirty days.

Transplanting

Transplanting was done 28 days after sowing (DAS) at a rate of 1 seedling

per hill with a planting distance of 60 cm between row and 70 cm between plants

within a row. Different varieties were transplanted based on their designated plots.

Treatment Application

The different organic concoctions such as FPJ, FFJ, and FAA were diluted

into a tap water in a ratio of 1 tbsp. per liter of water. The treatments were sprayed

following the assigned concoction per plot. The application were start seven days

after transplanting and seven days interval thereafter. Foliar applications were

carried out early in the morning to ensure better absorptions. The treatments were

applied to all parts of the eggplants in each plot.

 14

Pest Management

Spraying of bio-insecticide, CYMBUS was done when the infestation of

insect-pest beyond economic threshold level or when the population increases with

minimal damaged with the sample plants.

Water Management

Watering was done early in the morning and at weekly interval.

Weed Management

Weeds were manually controlled by hand weeding. Weeding was done every

seven days.

Harvesting

Harvesting of eggplants was done when the inner flesh is cream colored,

fruits are firm and before seeds are visible.

 15

Data to be Gathered

Plant Height (cm).This was taken by measuring the distance from the ground

level to the tip of the main stem of ten sample plants randomly taken from each plot.

This was measured using a meter stick at 14 days after transplanting (DAT) and 14

days interval thereafter. Data were expressed in centimeters.

Days to Flower Emergence. This was observed by counting the days from

transplanting to first flower emergence. This was done separately per plot.

Days to First Harvest. This was observed by counting the days from

transplanting to the first harvest.

Number of Fruits. This was gathered by counting the fruits harvested from

ten sample plants randomly taken from each plot. This was done separately per plot.

Weight of Fruits(g). This was gathered by weighing the harvested fruits from

ten sample plants randomly taken from each plot. Data was expressed in grams.

Number of Marketable Fruits. This was done by counting the marketable

fruits after sorting the harvested fruits. It is considered marketable if the fruits are

slightly firm but not hard, with no insect pest damage. Non-marketable fruits were

separated from the marketable fruits harvested.

 16

Weight of Marketable Fruits. This was done by weighing the marketable

fruits harvested from each plot. Data were expressed in grams.

Statistical Data Analysis

All data were arranged in a dummy table and statistically analyzed using

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Means were separated using Least Significant

Different test (LSD) Test.

Documentation

Photographs of the set-up of the study, planting, preparation of organic

concoctions, and other important information were documented as part of the report.
 17

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The influenced by different organic concoctions was evaluated based on the

growth and yield performance of eggplant cultivars. Banate King F1 and Calixto F1

variety was used in this study.

Plant Height (cm)

Table 1 shows the average plant height of eggplant cultivars at 14, 28, 42, 56,

and 70 days after transplanting as influenced by different organic concoctions.

Results showed no significant effect among treatments at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, days

after transplanting. The highest plant height (79.3 cm) was obtained by Banate King

F1 treated with fish amino acid at 70 DAT. It was followed by Calixto F1 treated with

fermented plant juice with a mean of 78.6 cm.

The result implies that the application of different organic concoctions did not

influenced the height of eggplant cultivars throughout the study.

In contrast with the result of the present study, Gasana and Kim (2020) that

applying organic concoction had a significant effect on variables of plant height,

length of and number of leaves.

 18

Table 1. Plant Height (cm) of eggplant cultivars as influenced by different organic

concoctions at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, DAT. Banayal, Tulunan, Cotabato. 2024
___________________________________________________________________

Plant Height (cm)

Treatments _______________________________________________

14 DATns 28 DATns 42 DATns 56 DATns 70 DATns

___________________________________________________________________

T1- CF1 + Control 7.2 18.1 28.2 59.4 76

T2- CF1 + FPJ 6.5 16.3 31.4 62.1 78.6

T3- CF1 + FFJ 7.4 18 28.8 58.2 76.7

T4- CF1 + FAA 6.5 18.3 32.7 59.6 72.8

T5- BKF1 + Control 6.5 17.5 30.4 59 73.1

T6- BKF1 + FPJ 7.1 18.1 31 61.9 77.4

T7- BKF1 + FFJ 7.6 17.5 30.4 57.8 77.3

T8- BKF1 + FAA 6.6 17.7 32.2 57.2 79.3

___________________________________________________________________

Mean 7 31 31 59.4 76.4

___________________________________________________________________

CV%
__________________________________________________________________
ns
- not significant
DAT- Days After Transplanting
BKF1- Banate king F1
CF1- Calixto F1
 19

Days to Flower Emergence

Table 2 shows the average days to flower emergence of eggplant cultivars

from days after transplanting as influenced by different organic concoctions. Results

showed no significant difference observed among treatments on the onset of flower

after transplanting. It was noted that Calixto F1 treated FAA had the highest number

of days to flower emerged, with a mean of 61 days. It was followed by Banate King

F1 treated FPJ with a mean of 59 days after transplanting.

The result implies that different organic concoctions did not influence the days

to flower emergence of eggplant cultivars days after transplanting.

The same result was reported by Sakimin et al. (2017), who suggested that

effect of fermented plant juice had a significant effect on the variables of fruit length,

plant height.
 20

Table 2. Days to Flower Emergence of Eggplant cultivars as influenced by different

organic concoctions. Brgy. Banayal, Tulunan, Cotabato. 2024
___________________________________________________________________
Treatments Means ns
___________________________________________________________________
T1- CF1 + Control 54

T2- CF1 + FPJ 54

T3- CF1 + FFJ 61

T4- CF1 + FAA 56

T5- BKF1 + Control 54

T6- BKF1 + FPJ 59

T7- BKF1 + FFJ 57

T8- BKF1 + FAA 54

___________________________________________________________________
Means 56

CV%
___________________________________________________________________
ns
- not significant
 21

Days to First Harvest

Table 3 shows the average days to first harvest of eggplant cultivars from

days after transplanting as influenced by different organic concoctions. Results

showed no significant difference observed among treatments on the onset of first

harvest after transplanting. It was noted that Banate King F1 treated FPJ had the

highest days to first harvested fruits, with a mean of 72 days. Untreated Calixto F1

and Calixto F1 treated FPJ showed favorable results in producing the earliest days

to first harvest, with a mean of 67 days after transplanting, respectively.

The result implies that different organic concoctions did not influence the days

to first harvest of eggplant cultivars days after transplanting. Regardless of the rates

of FFJ, the number of first harvest of Eggplant did not positively increase.
 22

Table 3. Days to First Harvest of eggplant cultivars as influenced by different organic

concoctions. Brgy. Banayal, Tulunan, Cotabato. 2024.
___________________________________________________________________
Treatments Means ns
___________________________________________________________________
T1- CF1 + Control 67

T2- CF1 + FPJ 67

T3- CF1 + FFJ 71

T4- CF1 + FAA 70

T5- BKF1 + Control 68

T6- BKF1 + FPJ 72

T7- BKF1 + FFJ 70

T8- BKF1 + FAA 68

___________________________________________________________________
Means 69

CV%
ns
- not significant
 23

Number of Fruits

Table 4 shows the number of fruits harvested as influenced by different

organic concoction. Analysis of variance showed highly significant difference among

treatments.

Further, it was observed in the first variety Calixto F1 treated with fish amino

acid, was obtained the highest number of fruits with a mean of 72 comparable

between Calixto F1 treated with fermented plant juice and Calixto F1 treated with

Fermented fruit juice with a mean of 68 and 61, respectively. Untreated Calixto F1

noted to be the lowest number of fruits with the mean of 56.

The second variety showed that Banate King F1 obtained the highest number

of fruits treated with fermented fruit juice with a mean of 59. Comparable between

Banate King F1 treated with fish amino acid was gained a mean of 56, and

untreated Banate King F1 with a mean 49. Relatively lowest number of fruits was

observed treated Banate King 1 with a mean of 47.

 24

Weight of Fruits

Table 2 shows the largest mean of weight of fruits as influenced by different

organic concoction. Analysis of variance was revealed a highly significant among the

treatment varied to two (2) varieties and replication.

Calixto F1 was observed that the first variety which is Calixto F1 treated the

different organic concoctions replicated three times obtained the highest mean of

(4751.58) compared to variety Banate king F1 was the lowest mean among the two

(2) Varieties with the mean of (3659.5) treated with different organic concoctions,

replicated three times was obtained the lowest weight mean in the two varieties.
 25

Number of Marketable fruits

Table 3 shows the largest mean of number of marketable fruits, as influenced by

different organic concoction. Analysis of the variance was revealed the highly

significant among the treatment varied to the two (2) varieties.

The first variety was observed the highest mean in calixto f1 treated with treatment

fish amino acid with a mean of (53), comparable to calixto f1 treated with fermented

plant juice was gained the mean of a (50), also followed by calixto f1 treated with the

treatment of fermented fruit juice was obtained the mean of 46, to be followed by

untreated calixto f1 with the mean of 38. Among all treatments applied in variety

calixto f1 is highly significant.

 26

Weight of marketable fruits

Table 4 shows the highest mean of the two (2) Varieties of weight of

marketable fruits as influenced by different organic concoctions, analysis was

revealed the highly significant between the two (2) varieties.

It was observed that the first variety calixto f1 treated with different organic

concoctions replicated three times obtained the highest mean of (3640.42)

compared to banate king f1 with a mean (2879.08).

Furthermore, a highly significant varieties was calixto f1 observed that the

result was determined the higher weight of mean, so the banate king f1 was not

factor and can be matter to calixto f1.

 27

RESULT, CONCLUSION, AND RECCOMENDATION

The study entitled” Growth and Yield Performance of Eggplant Varieties as

influenced by different Organic Concoctions” was conducted from September 2023

to January 2024. The study evaluated the growth of eggplant applied with different

organic concoctions. The study aims to identify the most effective organic

concoctions in terms of the following parameters: plant height (cm), days to flower

emergence, days to first harvest, number of fruits, weight of fruits (g), number of

marketable fruits, weight of marketable fruits, and to determine the growth and yield

response of each eggplant cultivars as influenced by different organic concoctions

The experiment was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design

(RCBD) with eight treatments replicated three times.

The results of the study are as follows:

1. The application of different organic concoction does not significantly influence the

plant height, days to flower emergence, days to first harvest. It was observed that

the result implies of organic concoctions did not influence the plant height, days to

flower emergence and days to first harvest of eggplant. Furthermore, the results

suggested that using FAA showed some favorable characteristics that could impact

eggplant growth and yield.

2. Highly highly significant was observed on the numbers of fruits, weight of fruits,

number of marketable fruits and weight of marketable among the FAA. Calixto F1

and FFJ in Banate King F1 showed the highest number of fruits.

 28

Based on the results of the study. It can be concluded that FAA and FFJ

showed comparable effect on the plant height of eggplant. Furthermore, all FFA and

FFJ materials (positive check) have a comparable effect on the number of fruits,

weight of fruits, number of marketable fruits and weight of marketable fruits.

In recommendation, different organic concoctions have positive effect on the

growth of eggplant compared to untreated ones. FAA and FFJ is highly

recommendable to the farmers for the growth of eggplant plants but further research

is recommended for the effectiveness of FAA and other organic concoctions

materials for yield aspect of eggplant.

 29

LITERATURE CITED

Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP) II. 2010. Fruit and Shoot Borer
Resistant (FSBR) Eggplant. Project Profile. http://
www.absp2.cornell.edu/projects/ project.cfm? productid=2. Accessed July 27,
2010.

Agricultural Training Institute-Regional Training. (2006). Farmer’s guide on bio-

organic inputsfrom plants, fish and animal liquid extracts.Retrieved November
5,2019,fromhttps://ati.da.gov.ph/rtc8/sites/default/files/how%20to%20prepare
%20organic%20inputs.pdf.

Caplan, D., Dixon, M., & Zheng, Y. (2017). Optimal rate of organic
fertilizer during the vegetative-stage for cannabis grown in two coir-based
substrates. HortScience, 52(9), 1307-1312.

Hubilla, E.K. (2020). Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) can spur plant
growthhttps://www.agriculture.com.ph/2020/05/14/fermented-plant-juice-fpj-
can-spur-plant-growth/

Francisco, S.R., (2009). Philippine Rice Research Inst., Maligaya, Science City of
Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines). Socioeconomic Div. Costsand benefits of
Bt eggplant with resistance to fruit and shoot borer in the Philippines.
https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2010000043

Fishfulfuture, November 2020. Fish Amino Acid - Food for the Garden.
https://www.fishfulfuture.com/seafood-recipes.

Hautea, D. M., Taylo, L.D., Masanga, A.P., Sison, M.L., Narciso, J.O., Quilloy, R.B.,
Hautea, R.A., Shotkoski, F.A., Shelton, A.M., Field Performance f Bt
Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) in the Philippines: Cry1Ac Expression
and Control of the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis
Guenée). PLoS One. 2016 Jun 20; 11(6):e0157498. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0157498. PMID: 27322533; PMCID: PMC4913932.

ISAAA and SEARCA BIC, September 23, 2020. Questions and Answers about the
Fruit and Shoot Borer Resistant Eggplant (Bt Talong), theFirstFilipino
BiotechProduct.https://www.isaaa.org/blog/entry/default.asp?
BlogDate=9%2F23%2F2020

Miller, S. A., Ikeda, D. M., Weinert, Jr, E., & et al. (2013, August). Natural Farming:
Fermented Plant Juice. Sustainable Agriculture- College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources, 7, 1-6.
 30

Miller, S.A., Ikeda, D.A., Weinert, E. Jr., Chang,Journal of Agricultural Research,

Development, Extension, and Technology 39 Enhancing leaf mustard
(Brassica juncea L.) productivity K.C.S. & McGinn, J.M. (2013). Natural
Farming: Fermented Plant Juice. Retrieved July 21, 2018, from
www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/freepubs/ pdf/SA-7.pdf

Mann, R.A. & Ashraf, M. (2000). Reduction of chemical fertilizers through organic
matter supplement for rice production. Pakistan J.Agri.Res. 16(1): 20-23.
Same %20quarter%20of%202022

Purely, 2022. Benefits of Fermented Fruit Juice.

https://purelydrinks.com/blogs/lifestyle/benefits-of-fermented-fruit-juice

Raigon, M.D., Burruezo, A., Prohens, J. (2010). Effects of organic and conventional
cultivation methods on composition of eggplant fruit. Journal of agricultural
and food chemistry, 58(11), 6833-6840

Reickenberg, R.L., Pritts, M.P. (1996). Dynamics and nutrient.., uptake from foliar
fertilizers in red raspberry (Rubusidaeus L.).J Am.Soc. Hort. Sci., 121:158-
168.

South Asia Rural Reconstruction Association (SARRA). 2015. CHO’S NATURAL

GLOBAL FARMING https://www.cgnfindia.com/index.html

Sumedca, A.l., Belgica. (2021). IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

AND PESTICIDE IN ORGANIC FAMING.
https://car.tesda.gov.ph/tesdacar/importance-of-organic-fertilizers-and-
pesticides-in-organic-farming/

Suwandi. 2009. Measuring of plant nutrient needs in development of innovation

sustainable vegetable cultivation. (in Indonesian). Development of Agricultural
Innovation. 2 (2): 133-147.

Sharma, G.D., Thakur, R., Raj, S., Kauraw, D L. & Kulhare, P.S. (2013). Impact of
integrated nutrient management on yield, nutrient uptake, protein content of
wheat (Triticum aestivum) and soil fertility in a Typic Haplustert. The Bioscan,
8(4): 1159-1164.

Sowinska, K.A and M. krygier. 2013. Yield and quality of field cultivated and the
degree of ruit maturity. Acta Sci. Pol. Holturom Cultus 12.(2): 13-23

Spehia, R.S., Devi, M., Singh, J., Sharma, S., Negi, A., Signh, S….& Sharma, J.C.
(2018). Lettuce growth and yield in hoagland solution with inj an organic
concoction. International Journal Vegetable Science, 24(6),557-556
 31

Ullah, M.S., M.S Islam, M.A Islam and T.Haque. 2008. Effects of Organic manures
and chemical fertilizers on the yield of brinjal and soil properties. J
Bangladesh Agril. Univ.6(2): 271-276

University of Hawai’i, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human

Resources.

Kashyap, V., Vinod, K.C., Collonnier, F., Fusari, R., Haicour, G.L., Rotino, D.,
Sihachakr, M.V. (2003). Scientia Horticulturae 97 (1), 1-25, 2003.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=study+about+e
ggplant&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1673045994743&u=%23p%3DgpfHt1wnyZoJ

Weinert, E.J., Miller, S.A., Ikeda, D.M., Chang, K.S., McGinn, J.M., & DuPonte, M.W.
(2014). Natural Farming: Fish Amino Acid. Sustainable Agriculture, SA-12.
University of Hawai’i, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human
Resources.

https://www.herbanext.com/about/producing-herbs-through-natural
farmingtechnolgy#.”textnatural%20Farming%20concoctions%20which
%20contain,be20available%to%20the plants.

https://anyflip.com/ozpdh/icwj/basic#:~:text=It%20is%20the,ingredients
%20for%20animals%20and%20plants.

https://psa.gov.ph/vegetable-root-crops main/eggplant#:~:text=During
%20the%20first%20quarter%20of,the%.
 32

APPENDICES
 33

Appendix A. Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense

Republic of the Philippines

Makilala Institute of Science and Technology

Municipality of Makilala

AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT

APPLICATION FOR THESIS MANUSCRIPT DEFENSE