RESEARCH PROPOSAL

SUBMITTED TO:
JOSEPHINE M. CARILLO
RESEARCH ADVISER
EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT AS GROWTH HORMONE ON LONG

BEANS (VIGNA UNGUICULATA)

TITLE

DUMINGAG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

LOWER LANDING DUMINGAG ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR

BY:

LIRAZAN, KEE PRINCE PAUL

RIVERA, RINA JOY

REBOJO, SHIDNEY DOREN

BULETIC, MATH ZENO

ARSENAL, JAMAICA MAE

GOMEZ, KYLLISH JADE

FEBRUARY 28, 2020

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the Background of the study, Statement of the Problem,

Significance of the study and Scope & Limitations of the study.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Africa and Asia, long beans are notoriously low in yield when compared to the average

yields of North America and Europe. In East Asia, the Philippines is one of the least producer of

long beans compared to other countries (FAO, 1999).

Studies have shown that the decline in yields is associated with the loss of soil quality.

More than 75% of earth’s land areas are degraded and about 2million hectares of land

worldwide, affecting 38% of the world’s cropland and nutrient availability (IAASTD, 2008).

According to NAP (2004), that in the Philippines it has been reported that about 5.2

million hectares are seriously degraded resulting to 30%-50% reduction in soil fertility. The

amount of soil fertility affects the decease of yields on long beans.

The dependency on the use of inorganic fertilizers as a source of plant nutrient by farmers

is associated with soil degradation. Thus, there is need to search for alternative safe natural

sources of plant nutrients (Mona, 2013).

Application of organic materials increases the organic matter content of the soil as well as

the release of soil nutrients (Mitchell et al., 2000). Animal manures have been used for plant

production effectively. They improve the structure of the soil, it increases its ability to hold water

and nutrients. Animal manures generally have 70% of nitrogen, 60% of phosphorus and 80% of

the potassium content (SARE, 2012).

 Akashingh (2018) noted, that the disadvantages of using animal manure as fertilizer can

lead to eutrophication which is essentially the nutrient enrichment in soil that causes structural

changes of the environment which can affect the plants. It affects the waterways caused by

chemical run off of the excess fertilizer. They also grow pants but nothing to do to soil.

Plant hormones can be used to increase yield, they influence every plant growth and

development (Prosecus, 2006). Plant hormones are among the most important biochemicals

affecting plant growth and yield production under different conditions (Miransari, 2016).

Seaweeds have growth hormones that help plants to grow and develop. It contains 60 or

more several minerals such as fair amount of nitrogen and potassium, are major plant nutrients

(GCHYDRO, 2016). Disadvantages of using seaweeds are labor- intensive, time-consuming and

distribution of nutrients varies. If applied incorrectly can contribute to surface and groundwater

contamination resulting to nutritional imbalance in the soil (Affeld, 2018).

The use of these organic fertilizers can help plants in their development but have

disadvantages hence, there is need an essential natural alternative that can be environmentally

safe, easily accessible and affordable means in increasing yields.

This study was aimed the effect of moringa leaf extract on growth performance of long

beans (Vigna unguiculata).

This study was conducted to test the effect of moringa leaf extract on growth

performance on long beans (Vigna unguiculata).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The purpose of the study is to conduct an experiment on the effect of moringa leaf extract

as growth hormone on long beans. In this study the following topics look into the moringa leaf

extract improve and promote the productivity and yields of long beans.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effect of the moringa leaf extract to the growth and yield of long beans?

2. How does the moringa leaf extract improve the productivity and yields of long beans?

3. How efficient the moringa leaf extract towards growth and yield of long beans?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study would help and also give benefits to the farmers and

environment. Nowadays, some people especially farmers engaged in inorganic fertilizers because

it is fast acting and easy to use formulations but somehow they harm on soil and environment. It

damages the plants and soil, it is non-renewable and long term use of inorganic fertilizers

changes the pH of the soil. Repeated applications of these can lead to low in yields which results

less income.

This study would be beneficial to farmers and environment by the use of moringa leaf

extract can provide environmentally safe, easily accessible and affordable that can be promoted

to farmers as supplement or substitute to inorganic fertilizers. This can also improve commercial

farmers to shift to organic ones thus, the potential farmers in the Philippines would be great.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study focused solely on the effect of moringa leaf extract as growth hormone on

long beans (vigna unguiculata). This research will not cover other problems that are not related

to this topic. The study would be done through utilization of experimental procedures as

reference. By the result, the researchers will be able to know the effect of moringa leaf extract as

growth hormones on long beans (vigna unguiculata).

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the review of various related literature and studies relevant to the

present study.

According to Robinson (2019), that long beans are commonly eaten foods throughout the

world. Because of their nutritional composition, these economical foods have the potential to

improve the diet quality and long-term health of those who consume beans regularly.

Fresh long beans are one of the finest sources of folates, 100g beans provide 15% of daily

requirement of folates. Folate along with vitamin B-12 is one of the essentials of DNA synthesis

and cell division. When, adequately provided in diet, it helps build immunity to combat

infections and offer some protection from cancers (Nutrition and You, 2019). USD (2019) added,

that long beans have minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus, the body uses these

minerals as a cofactor for the important antioxidant enzyme.

In Africa and Asia, the long beans are primarily a small-crop grown purchased input and

are notoriously low in yield when compared to the average yields of the regions of North

America and Europe. The Philippines is one of the least producer of long beans compared to

other countries in East Asia, studies have shown that this is because of soil fertility (FAO, 1999).

According to NAP (2004), that in the Philippines it has been reported that about 5.2

million hectares are seriously degraded resulting to 30%-50% reduction in soil fertility. The

amount of soil fertility affects the decease of yields on long beans.

 The dependency on the use of inorganic fertilizers as a source of all plant nutrients and

minerals by the farmers is associated with soil degradation. Thus, there is need a continuous

searching for the alternative and safe natural sources of plant nutrients (Mona, 2003).

Plant growth hormone are a group of naturally occurring organic substances, the process

consists of growth and differentiation (Davies, 2010). The growth hormone is essential to growth

of organs as buds, stems, roots, fruits and so on by cellular enlargement (Leopold, 1995).

Plant growth hormones can be used to increase the productivity of crops and yields, they

influenced plant growth and development (Prosecus, 2006). Plant hormones are among the most

important biochemicals affecting plant growth and yield production under different conditions

(Miransari, 2016). Prosecus (2006) noted, that there are five groups of hormones which are

listed: auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene and cytokinins.

Cytokinins play a role in almost all aspects of plant growth and development including

cell division, shoot initiation and photomorphogenic development (Mok and Mok, 1994). It

regulates and stimulates leaf expansion and also involved in differentiation.

Zeatin is the most naturally ocuring cytokinins that is not only promotes the growth of the

plants but also have anti-aging potential and protective effects in plants (Marcu, 2005). Moringa

oleifera leaves have been shown to have high zeatin contentrations of between 5mcg and 200

mcg/g of leaves (Davies, 1987).

According to Howladar (2014), moringa oleifera as a novel biostimulant for plant

growth, it could play a role in improving drought tolerance in plants under saline condition. In

addition, fresh moringa oleifera also contains proteins, vitamins, amino acids and minerals.
Furthermore, abscorbic acid and foliar application have been reported to be growth and yield

improving tools in various crops (Jyotsna et al., 1998).

Moreover, moringa leaf extract has the potential to promote plant and use as a natural

growth enhancer. Fuglie (2000) added, that moringa leaf extract accelerated growth of young

plants and generally increased yield by 20%-35 %. Furthermore, researcher Azra (2011) found

that spraying peas and tomato with moringa extract at 3.5% increased growth and development

of the plants and crop characterestics. In addition, researcher Mona (2013) concluded that

spraying rocket plants with the extracts of moringa leaves at the rates of 1, 2 and 3% increased

all measured growth criteria (plant height).

The use of moringa leaf extract as plant growth hormone can provide environmentally

safe, easily accessible and affordable means in increasing yields and crops. The use of this plant

growth hormone can improve commercial farmers (Emongor, 2014).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined as they are used in the study.

1. Long beans- a long thin green bean but are best eaten from one to three feet in length and

has soft texture that is flexible and not as crisp or moist (Recipetips, 2020).

2. Moringa leaves- is a plant that is often called drumstick tree or the miracle tree, believed to

have many benefits and uses from health and beauty to help prevent and cure diseases

(Cadman, 2020).
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This part of the study presents the Research Design, Research Setting, Participants of the

Study, Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure and the Ethical Considerations.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study utilized experimental method. The experiment consisted of five treatments,

spraying of long bean seedling with moringa leaf extract at only three weeks after planting

the control (no spraying with leaf extract) laid out in a Complete Randomized Deign

replicated five times.

RESEARCH SETTING

This study was carried out in the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Buletic, Dumingag, Zamboanga

del Sur. 8.187 N latitude and 123.303E longitude.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

1. Preparation of moringa leaf extract.

2. Construction of the nursery bed and owing of the long bean seeds

3. Labelling of the constructed hills and application of treatments

4. Measurement and observation

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

1. moringa leaves

2. long bean seeds

3. Spray

4. hoe

5. distilled water and container

6. ruler
 REFERENCES

Davies, P.J.(1987). The Plant Hormones: Their Nature, Occurrence and Functions. Plant

Hormones and Their Roles in Plant Growth and Development (pp.1-11).

Emongor, V.E.(2014). Effects Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Leaf Extract on Growth,

Yields and Yield Components of Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).(1999). Phaseolus Bean: Post- harvest Operation.

Fuglie, L.J.(2000). New Uses of Moringa studied in Nicaragua: ECHOS technical Network

Site-networking global hunger solutions. ECHO, Nicaragua.

Howladar, S.M.(2014). A novel moringa oleifera leaf extract can mitigate the stress effect of

salinity and cadmium in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Ecotoxicology and

Environmental safety,100, 69-75.

Mona, M.A.(2013). The potential of moringa oleifera leaf extract as a biostimulant in

enhancing the growth, biochemical and hormonal contents in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp.

Sativa) plants. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 5, (3).

National Action Plan (NAP).(2006). Combat Land Degradation and Drought.

Prosecus, P.(2006). Biosynthesis- Plant Hormones And growth Regulators: Chemistry and

Biology. Biosynth. Ag. Co., Switzerland.

Crouch, I.J. and Van Staden, J.,(1998). Commercial seaweed products as biostimulants in

horticulture, Journal and Home, 19-76.

Craige, J.S.,(2011). Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture. Journal of

Applied Psychology, 371-393.

Duan,D., Liu,x.,Pan,F., Lui H., Chen, N. and Fei, X.(1995). Extraction and identification

of Cytokinin from Laminaria Japonica 38, 409- 412.

Francis,D. and Inze’, D. (2001). The plant cell cycle. In the plant cell cycle and is

interfaces, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK.

Perez, J.C., Jenkins, W.K., Pitchay, D. and Gunawan, D.(2017) Detrimental Effects of

Blood meal and Feather meal on Tomato Seed Germination, 10. 21273\HORTSCI11192-

16.

Hartz, T.K. and Johnstone, P.R. (2006). Nitrogen availability from high nitrogen containing

organic fertilizers. HortTechnology 16: 39-42

Mas,J. (2013). How does Nitrogen Help Plat Grow? Phoslab Environmental Laboratories.

Massignam, A.M, (2009). Physicological determinants of maize and sunflower yield as

affected by nitrogen supply, 114:256-25