Personnel security includes all measures designed to prevent unsuitable individuals of doubtful loyalty to the

gov’t from gaining access to classified matters or security facilities and to prevent the appointment, employment or
retention as employees of such individuals at said facilities.

Personnel Security Program

The objective is to deny individuals who can be considered as threat to the security of the government.

What is Personnel Security Investigation?

It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of individual in order to determine
a person’s suitability to be given security clearance.

Types of Personnel Security Investigation

(PSI) National Agency Check (NAC). – This is an investigation of an individual made upon the
basis of written information supplied by him in response to official inquiry, and by reference to appropriate national
agencies. It is simply a check of the files and record of national agencies. The national agencies checked under this type
of investigation are the following:

▪ National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA)

✓ National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
✓ ISAAFP or J2 Division, GHQ AFP
✓ CIDG PNP Camp Crame., etc.
▪ Local Agency Check (LAC) – This type of investigation consist of the first type plus written inquiries sent to
appropriate local government agencies, former employees, references and schools listed by the person under
investigation. The local agencies normally check besides the past employment, schools and references are
the following:
✓ Place of the locality where the individual is a resident.
✓ Mayor, Police, Fiscal, Judge of the locality where the individual is a resident.
▪ Background Investigation (BI) This is more comprehensive investigation than the NAC or the NAC and
LAC. A through and complete investigation of all or some of the circumstances or aspects of a person’s life is
conducted.

This type of personnel Security Investigation may either be a complete (CBI) or a partial Background
Investigation (PBI).

1. Complete Background Investigation – Consist of the investigation of the background of a person,

particularly all the circumstances of his personal life.
2. Partial Background Investigation – Consist of the investigation of the background of an individual but
limited only to some of the circumstances of his personal life which are deemed pertinent to the investigation.
Normally, the request for the investigation will ndicate the specific personal circumstances to be covered. This
type of BI is also used to further develop questionable information contained in another investigation report.
Factors considered in Background Investigation
1. Loyalty – faithful allegiance to the country, government and its duly constituted authority.
2. Integrity- uprightness in character, soundness of moral principles, freedom from moral delinquencies, ore more
simply statedhonesty.
3. Discretion- the ability of tendency to act or decide with prudence; the habit of wise judgment or simply stated- good
judgment
4. Moral- distinctive identifying qualities which serve as an index to the essential or intrinsic nature of a person; his
outward manifestation, personal traits or moral habits.
5. Character- the sum of the traits that serves as an index of the essential intrinsic nature of a person. It is the aggregate
of distinctive mental and moral qualities that have been impressed by nature, education and habit upon the individual.
6. Reputation- opinion or estimation in which one is generally held. It is what one reported to be, whereas character
is what a person is

“Work hard in silence and, let success be your noise.” ~ Frank Ocean
Motives that cause people to be disloyal
1. Revenge- a real or fancied wrong can create a hatred which will stop at nothing to obtain revenge of the offender.
Hatred wraps the sense of moral values until the hater will go to any lengths, even betrayal of his country, to avenge
himself on the person or class of people hated.
2. Material Gain- some people are so avid for material gain that they will stop at nothing to achieve this end.
3. Personal Prestige- this motivation applies to those whose main desire is for power-power over others-to prove to
the world what leaders they are. However, their desire for power makes them especially vulnerable to subversion.
4. Friendship –through close attachment to another person, many people, otherwise of high integrity, will do things
inimical to their country’s interest.
5. Ideological Beliefs- If a person holds inimical to their country, they are of course vulnerable to approach by
subversive groups of agents.

THE GUARD FORCE AND GUARD SYSTEM

The security guard force is the key element in the overall security system of a plant or installation. Its basic
mission is to protect all the property within the limits of the facility boundaries and protect employees and other persons
on the installation.

Security Guard. Defined Sometimes called private security guard or watchman shall include any person who
offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a residence or business establishment or both for hire or
compensation, and with a license to exercise profession.
Security Guard Force It is a group of force selected men, trained or grouped into functional unit for the
purpose of protecting operational processes from those disruption which would impeded efficiency or halt operation
at a particular plant, facility, installation or special activity

Types of Security Guard Forces

1. Private Security Agency - any person, association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits,
trains, furnishes or post any security guard, to do its functions or solicit individual s, business firms, or private, public
or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire
commission or compensation.
2. Company Security Force - A security force maintained and operated any private company/ corporation for its own
security requirements only.
3. Government Security Unit - a security unit maintained and operated by any government entity other than military
and/a police, which is established and maintained for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension
such government entity.

SECURITY CLEARANCE
A certification given by proper authority that the individual described therein is cleared to classified matters or
sensitive position in the AFP

[ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11917, July 30, 2022 ]

AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE REGULATION OF THE PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES INDUSTRY,

REPEALING FOR THE PURPOSE, REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5487, ENTITLED “AC ACT TO REGULATE THE
ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF PRIVATE DETECTIVE WATCHMEN OR SECURITY GUARD AGENCIES”,
AS AMENDED

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

“Work hard in silence and, let success be your noise.” ~ Frank Ocean
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as "The Private Security Services Industry Act."

Section 2. Declaration of Policies. — The State recognizes the vital role of the private sector in the protection of the
people and safeguarding of property as well as maintenance of peace and order in the country.

Towards this end, the State shall adopt measures to strengthen the regulation of the private security services industry
and establish quality standards to ensure competent private security personnel and professionals that complement
our law enforcement authorities in preservation of public order in the country.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. — As used in this Act:

(a) License to Exercise Security Profession (LESP) refers to a permit issued by the Chief of the Philippine
National Police (PNP) or the duly authorized representative, recognizing a natural person to be qualified to
perform the duties as security professional or training personnel;

(b) License to Operate (LTO) refers to a permit issued by the Chief PNP or the duly authorized representative,
certifying and authorizing a person to engage in employing and deploying security guards, K9 teams, protection
agents, private detectives and other licensed specialized security personnel; or a juridical person to establish,
engage, direct, manage or operate a private detective agency or private security agency or company guard
force after payment of the prescribed dues or fair and reasonable fees and after complying with all the
requirements as provided by the rules and regulations implementing this Act;

(c) Pre-Licensing Training Programs refer to licensing pre-requisite and pre-licensing training programs that
include all training and academic programs and courses with the objective to indoctrinate the individual with
the basic skills and educational backgrounds necessary in the effective exercise and performance of the
security and detective profession. These include, but are not limited to, the Basic Security Guard Course and
the Security Officers Training Course;

(d) Private Security Agency (PSA) refers to any person, natural or juridical, who contracts, recruits, furnishes
or posts any security guard, to perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public
or government-owned or -controlled corporations (GOCCs) to engage its service or those of its security guards,
for hire, commission or compensation through subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation whose business or transactions involve national security or interest like the operation and/or
management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports, heliports, landing strips
among others or as consultant on any security related matter, or to provide highly specialized security, private
escort, detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering security, passenger profiling,
baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft, or other security needs that the PNP
may approve;

(e) Private Security Industry refers to the industry that is engaged in providing security consultancy,
management, administration, operation, and provision of private or company watchman, guarding,
investigative work, security training, K9 security, armored vehicle security services, alarm system monitoring
services, closed-circuit television (CCTV) suppliers and other providers of security hardware, security
hardware operation, personal protection services, or security consultant;

(f) Private Security Professional (PSP) refers to a person who is issued a valid LESP of any classification or
category, issued by the designated government agency after satisfying all the qualifications and requirements
set forth by this law and its implementing rules and regulations. It includes security watchmen, security guards,
security officers, personal security escorts, private investigators, training officers and directors, K9 handlers,
K9 administrators, K9 evaluators, K9 trainers, kennel masters and other certified or licensed security service
providers rendering or performing security, investigation, security escorting services, security hardware
planners and systems designers, security hardware operators, security managers, security consultants
whether employed by private security agencies, private corporations, government agencies or independently
practicing or providing professional security services;

“Work hard in silence and, let success be your noise.” ~ Frank Ocean
(g) Private Security Services refer to the act of providing or rendering security services for compensation
pursuant to mutually agreed terms of reference and contract and shall include the act of providing or rendering
services to watch an establishment, whether public or private, building, compound/area or property, to conduct
access control/denial in any form whether physically, manually or scientifically by electronic monitoring
systems, for the purpose of securing such area/property and at the same time ensuring safety and protection
of persons within such areas, to maintain peace and order within such areas, to conduct private security
training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also include the act of contracting, recruiting, training,
furnishing or posting any security guard, to do its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private,
public or GOCCs to engage its service or those of its security guards, for hire, commission or compensation
through subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation;

(h) Private Security Training Agency (PSTA) refers to any person, natural or juridical, who engages in the
business of providing training and academic programs and courses duly approved and prescribed by the PNP
and adopted by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). It includes the training
for pre-licensing requirements of individual security guards and other security professionals, the periodic and
non-periodic in-services skill refreshers for such security personnel, and other specialized, individual or group,
private security personnel skills development;

(i) Security Consultant refers to a security professional authorized by law to provide security services such as
design and formulation of a security plan, threat and vulnerability assessment, resiliency planning, security
surveying, security auditing, risk management, travel security training, event security planning and
management, emergency and incident planning and management, crisis management, business continuity
and other services related to the formulation of security-related solutions other than providing guards and
watchmen;

(j) Security Hardware refers to any mechanical or electrical device, which is designed and used for the
detection of an unauthorized entry into a facility, for alerting others of the commission of an unlawful or
unauthorized act within a building, structure or facility, identification and screening, control, repel and prevent
entry of persons and vehicles of person and materials, recording and documentation of activities and events,
repel and prevent aggression to a person or a facility; and

(k) Security Hardware and Systems Designers and Planners refer to the security professionals who specialize
in the design of security systems using a combination of security software and hardware to address security
requirements of a facility and the training for their operation and maintenance.

“Work hard in silence and, let success be your noise.” ~ Frank Ocean