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    Lab Report 3 (Agr122)

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    NURUL HANIM MUHAMAT NOH
    The document discusses three experiments on transpiration in plants. The first experiment shows water droplets forming inside a bag covering a potted plant, demonstrating transpiration. The second uses food coloring in flower stems to observe water movement upwards. The third uses a potometer to directly measure the transpiration rate and how factors affect it.

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    Lab Report 3 (Agr122)

    Uploaded by

    NURUL HANIM MUHAMAT NOH
    23 views9 pages
    The document discusses three experiments on transpiration in plants. The first experiment shows water droplets forming inside a bag covering a potted plant, demonstrating transpiration. The second uses food coloring in flower stems to observe water movement upwards. The third uses a potometer to directly measure the transpiration rate and how factors affect it.

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    LAB REPORT 3 (AGR122)

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    The document discusses three experiments on transpiration in plants. The first experiment shows water droplets forming inside a bag covering a potted plant, demonstrating transpiration. The second uses food coloring in flower stems to observe water movement upwards. The third uses a potometer to directly measure the transpiration rate and how factors affect it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    23 views9 pages

    Lab Report 3 (Agr122)

    Uploaded by

    NURUL HANIM MUHAMAT NOH
    The document discusses three experiments on transpiration in plants. The first experiment shows water droplets forming inside a bag covering a potted plant, demonstrating transpiration. The second uses food coloring in flower stems to observe water movement upwards. The third uses a potometer to directly measure the transpiration rate and how factors affect it.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LAB REPORT 3

    TRANSPIRATION IN PLANT

    NAME NURUL HANIM BINTI MUHAMAT NOH


    STUDENT ID 2021872162
    CLASS M3AT110H
    LECTURER SHAMPAZURAINI BINTI SAMSURI
    INTRODUCTION
    Transpiration can be defined as the process by which water evaporates from the leaves, which
    results in water being drawn up from the roots to upward or it is can be defined too as the loss
    of water vapor out of the leaves through stomata by diffusion. For the information, 90% of
    water absorbed by roots lost through transpiration.

    Next, there are have three types of transpiration which is cuticular transpiration, lenticular
    transpiration and stomatal transpiration. For cuticular transpiration, it is the process of the
    loss of water in the form of water vapor through the cuticle. The upper epidermis of leaves
    secretes thin layer of wax (cuticle) which minimizes loss of water. Also, the cuticle prevents
    evaporation of water from the leaf surface. To conclude that, thicker the cuticle, lesser the
    transpiration.

    Then, the lenticular transpiration which is the process of the loss of water in the form of water
    vapor through the lenticels present in the woody stem and fruits. Lenticel is a small opening
    that develop in the older stem and fruit. In these types of transpiration, water from the cell
    surface evaporates and the transpiration occur. It amounts of 1% until 5% of the total water
    loss by the plant.

    The last one is the stomatal transpiration. Stomata is a minute pores confined to epidermis of
    green shoot and leaves. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by guard cells and
    depends on the turgidity of the guard cells. When the guard cells are turgid, pores open and
    close when they are flaccid and when the turgidity increases, guard cells bulge outwards
    widering the stomatal opening. The maximum loss (80% until 90% of the total water loss) of
    water from plant tissues takes place through the stomatal openings.

    Moreover, there are have a factor affecting on the transpiration which is internal factors and
    external factors. In the internal factors, they were affected a number of leaves, a number of
    the stomata, the size of the leaf and the presence of plant cuticle. Where in the external
    factors, transpiration affected the wind and air movement, the soil moisture availability, the
    type of plant, the temperature and the relative humidity.

    EXPERIMENT 1: TRANSPIRATION IN PLANT


    Materials that we need to use:
     A medium sized potted plant
     Polythene bag
    Procedure and Method:
    1) Take a medium sized potted plant.
    2) Cover it with a polythene bag and tie its mouth at the base of the stem with thread.
    3) Mark the potted plant as ‘A’.
    4) Then, next to the potted plant place an empty polythene bag and tie mouth with a
    thread.
    5) Mark the polythene bag as ‘B’.
    6) Expose this setup to the sunlight for an hour.
    Results and Discussions:

    After an hour, we can see that the drops appear inside the polythene bag ‘A’ where in the
    polythene bag ‘B’ does not show any water droplets in it. From this, we can conclude that the
    leaves give out water in the form of water vapour through a process called transpiration. Due
    to condensation of the water vapors tiny drops of water get collected inside the polythene bag
    ‘A’. With this experiment, we can see that the plants give out water to the atmosphere
    through transpiration. This evaporation through the leaves is how plants lose water. Last but
    not least, transpiration is important as it produces a cooling effect and saves plant from the
    hot sun.
    References:
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fggLGHCo6qKDLW3Es4QUIANjyEDlzLD5/view?
    usp=drivesdk
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QYrJ0jDN_2uvl3_7iGiteGXoT7WGJMEY/view?
    usp=drivesdk
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lCvq94A-zcVOMcP5bYqd1JCmWiHWxFsP/view?
    usp=drivesdk

    EXPERIMENT 2: PLANT LOSS WATER IN THE FORM OF WATER VAPOR


    Materials that we need to use:
     Flower
     Food colour
     Cup with the same sizes
     Scissors
     Large tub
     Ruler
     Maker
    Procedure or Methods:
    1) Fill the tub with water.
    2) Then, fill the cup with water too with the same amount. To make it accurate, you can
    use a ruler to measure it and mark it with a maker.
    3) Drop each cup with a different food colour you have likes, pink, blue or green.
    4) After that, cut off a single flower and place the part of the cutting in the water.
    5) With a flower bottom in the water, cut a bit more of a flower stem.
    6) Then, hold the cutting part and quickly put the flower in the cup.
    7) Do the same way to the other cup.
    8) Leave the experiments in between 4 hours and 3 days to see the best result.

    Results and Discussions:


    To get a best result, we must leave the experiments for between 4 hours and 3 days, until an
    effect can be seen. Also, we can place the experiments in different conditions and test
    whether this leads to different results likes in sunlight or in a dark area.

    So here we can see that the results from transpiration colour changing flower experiments .
    We can see a clear difference between the colour pink flower and green flower . There are
    parts of the flower with a food colour as being paricularly strongly uptake . With this
    experiment , we already shown that water flows through a bond and we also show a direction
    that it goes bottom of the stem to the top . The underneath of the flower , we also can see a
    clear pink lines show the tubes of which the food colouring water flows through .
    References :
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pjAG4tdHoyqufSIRbNrSGhmBS8WzAdVJ/view?
    usp=drivesdk

    EXPERIMENT 3: MEASURING TRANSPIRATION


    Materials that we need to use:
     Potometer
     Water
     Beaker
     Food colour
     Vaseline
     A some of plant
    Procedure or Methods:
    Part A
    1) Fill the potometer with the water and remove the air bubbles likes in the picture
    provided below.
    2) Take a plant and connect it with a rubber tubing. Cut a bit bottom plant and then put
    the plants in a vessel part which is where we actually put our plants in.
    3) Put some Vaseline around the stick of the plant and leaves the plants.
    4) Then, just watch where we can see a little air bubble and that should travel up towards
    the plant.
    5) We can measure a different factor that affect that rate of transpiration too.

    This is how to remove an air bubble.


    Part B
    1) Take a potometer and place it in a tray with some water in it.
    2) To make sure we get rid of all the air bubbles within this parameter, we must go to
    use a syringe. Use that syringe to just get rid of all the air bubbles within the
    potometer.
    3) Sometimes you need to squeeze the silicone tubing as well at the top. So that’s most
    of the air bubbles out of that puts on it.
    4) Then, carefully insert the plants into the top of silicon tubing and then just get some
    Vaseline to the round the top of plants where the porometer are consuming just to
    make sure we get a tight fit.
    5) Put the plants to the stand.
    6) After that, add some food colouring to the bottom or round bottom of a capillary
    tubing a potometer.
    7) Check the air bubbles.
    8) Then, just watch the on the food colouring movement.
    Results and Discussion:
    In this both experiments, we can see that the red line within the potometer was shooting up
    and there a little air bubble there aa well. That’s moving out quite quickly with it. What we
    get in this experiment, that really strong red food colouring going up, so that shown that the
    transpiration was happen. We’re losing more triumphs at the top. Last but not least, we can
    use a hairdryer, or plastic bag to see any different factor that rate of transpiration too.
    References:
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WexHADDzzf60xLBVUd3ABQEgkTjXyCsx/view?
    usp=drivesdk
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bU4xCkn0CMmk3kAk5kO9ueY9L1ItTHEp/view?
    usp=drivesdk
     https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-yb6N7VZ_iSW4WKebQ7knZsD8p6aI8Zu/view?
    usp=drivesdk
    CONCLUSION
    So, from these three experiments, what we can conclude that in the experiment 1, we already
    know that the transpiration is reduced a water drop when the top of plant was cover with a
    plastic bag, and it’s shown that the transpiration was happen in the plant. Where the water
    from the roots, move up to the leaf then when plant was travelling the process call as a
    transpiration where the process a plant loss a water. In the experiment 2, we already know
    that water was move from the root to the leaf means to the top of plant. So, to prove that
    statement, we do this experiment that we can see the water movement using a food colouring
    as a water. Lastly, in the experiment 3, we discuss about how to use a porometer, a
    transpiration apparatus .

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