Section B - Sustainable Dev & Resources - Definitions

Social Studies YEEP Program
SECTION B:- SUSTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT & USE OF RESOURCES (NOTES)
1A. CONCEPTS & TERMS: Human and Physical Resources:
1. POPULATION: The overall number of persons dwelling in a country, city, location,

district or area.
2. BIRTH RATE: The overall number of live births occurring among the population of a
given geographical area during a given year.
3. DEATH RATE: this is the proportion of overall deaths to total population in a particular
community or area over a specific time period.
4. NATURAL INCREASE: This is a population increase because of more births and less
deaths.
5. LIFE EXPECTANCY: This is the predictable (Statistical terms) number of years of life
remaining at a certain age for an individual.
6. INFANT MORTALITY RATE: The proportion of the number of deaths in the first
year of life in relation to the number of live births occurring in the same population
during the same year.
7. FERTILITY RATE: This is the proportion of live births in a location to the population
of that location; shown per 1000 population per year.
8. MIGRATION: The movement of people from one area to another, within a country
(internal migration) or from one country to another (external) for at least one year.
 E.g. internal migration can be from countryside to city areas (urban) and from city
to countryside areas.
 External migration is from less developed countries to more developed countries.
9. IMMIGRATION: the process by which people come in to a foreign

country to live there, or the number of people coming in.
10. EMIGRATION: the process of leaving a country in order to live permanently in another
country.
11. NET MIGRATION RATE: is the difference between the number of immigrants (people
coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the
year.
 E.g. when the number of immigrants is larger than the number of emigrants, a
positive net migration rate occurs.
 A positive net migration rates indicates that there are more people entering than
leaving an area. When more emigrate from a country, the result is a negative net
migration rate, meaning that more people are leaving than entering the area.
 When there is an equal number of immigrants and emigrants, the net migration
rate is balanced.
12. BRAIN DRAIN: This is the extensive emigration of a large group of persons with
technical skills or knowledge.
 E.g. the loss of many highly skilled and educated people from one country to
another country
13. URBANIZATION: the process by which more and more people leave the countryside
to live in cities.
14. DEPOPULATION: the action of causing a country or area to have

fewer people living in it.
15. POPULATION DENSITY: the number of people living in each unit of area (such as a
square mile)
 E.g. it is calculated by dividing the population by the area. For example, France has a
population of 60,561,200, and an area of 551,695 square kilometers, so its population
density is about 109.8 persons per square kilometer.
16. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION DEPENDENCY RATIO: The dependency ratio is a

measure of the number of dependents aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, compared
with the total population aged 15 to 64. This indicator gives insight into the number of
people of nonworking age, compared with the number of those of working age.
 Dependency Ratio= No. Dependents/Population Aged 15 to 64 ⋅100
17. EMPLOYMENT: the fact of someone being paid to work for

a company or organization.
18. UNEMPLOYMENT: the number or percentage of people in a country or area who do

not have jobs.
19. UNDEREMPLOYMENT: the fact of not having enough work to do,

only working part time, or of having a job that does not use all your skills.
20. UNEMPLOYABLE: someone who is unemployable does not have the

qualifications or skills needed to do any kind of job.
21. LABOR FORCE: all the people in a particular country who are of the right age to work,
or all the people who work for a particular company.
22. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Sustainable development is development that

meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
23. POPULATION CENSUS: A population census is the total process of collecting,

compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing or otherwise
disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time, to
all persons in a country or in a well delimited part of a country.
24. RESOURCE is something that is ready to use if or when it is needed.
25. HUMAN RESOURCE: people, when considered as an asset that is or can

be employed and that is useful to a company, organization, etc.

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Social Studies YEEP Program

SECTION B:- SUSTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT & USE OF RESOURCES (NOTES)

1A. CONCEPTS & TERMS: Human and Physical Resources:

1. POPULATION: The overall number of persons dwelling in a country, city, location,

9. IMMIGRATION: the process by which people come in to a foreign

14. DEPOPULATION: the action of causing a country or area to have

16. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION DEPENDENCY RATIO: The dependency ratio is a

17. EMPLOYMENT: the fact of someone being paid to work for

18. UNEMPLOYMENT: the number or percentage of people in a country or area who do

19. UNDEREMPLOYMENT: the fact of not having enough work to do,

20. UNEMPLOYABLE: someone who is unemployable does not have the

22. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Sustainable development is development that

23. POPULATION CENSUS: A population census is the total process of collecting,

24. RESOURCE is something that is ready to use if or when it is needed.

25. HUMAN RESOURCE: people, when considered as an asset that is or can

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