Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    Curves

    Uploaded by

    Jed Enricuso
    The document discusses different types of curves used in road design including simple curves, compound curves, reversed curves, transition curves, and vertical curves. It provides examples and explanations of elements and properties related to simple horizontal curves and symmetrical parabolic vertical curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Curves

    Uploaded by

    Jed Enricuso
    3 views24 pages
    The document discusses different types of curves used in road design including simple curves, compound curves, reversed curves, transition curves, and vertical curves. It provides examples and explanations of elements and properties related to simple horizontal curves and symmetrical parabolic vertical curves.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses different types of curves used in road design including simple curves, compound curves, reversed curves, transition curves, and vertical curves. It provides examples and explanations of elements and properties related to simple horizontal curves and symmetrical parabolic vertical curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views24 pages

    Curves

    Uploaded by

    Jed Enricuso
    The document discusses different types of curves used in road design including simple curves, compound curves, reversed curves, transition curves, and vertical curves. It provides examples and explanations of elements and properties related to simple horizontal curves and symmetrical parabolic vertical curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 24

    CURVES

    - are the geometrical arcs provided at the change in gradient or


    alignments a road.

    Necessity of Providing Curves:


    ➢To lay the road according to topography of the country.
    ➢To avoid costly land.
    ➢To avoid excessive cutting and filling.
    ➢To avoid certain important structures.
    ➢To make use of the existing road, bridges etc.
    ➢To provide access to the particular place.
    Advantages of Curves
    ➢ They provide comfort to the passengers due to gradual change in
    direction and gradient.
    ➢They help in keeping the speed of vehicles within the limits.
    ➢They break the monotony of journey along a straight route.
    ➢They help in providing economical and safe alignment of a road.
    ➢They increase the life of a vehicle by reducing the wear and tear of
    vehicles due to sharp and abrupt changes.
    ➢They help in providing adequate visibility to the traffic..
    Types of Curves
    1. Horizontal curves - a curve in plan to provide change in
    direction to the central line of a road. The minimum radius
    of a horizontal curve depends on the permissible design
    speed for the road.

    A. Simple curve - It is a circular curve which consists of a


    single arc of uniform radius. This type of curve is suitable
    for large radius and for slow moving traffic.
    Elements of simple curve

    𝒐
    LEGEND:
    𝑷𝑰
    𝑰 R = Radius of simple curve

    I = angle of intersection / central angle


    PC = Point of curvature
    𝑻 𝑻
    𝑬 PT = Point of tangency

    𝑳𝑪 PI = Point of intersection of the tangents


    Lc = Length of curve from PC to PT
    𝒎 T = Length of tangent from PC to PI and
    𝑷𝑪 𝑪/𝟐 𝑪 𝑪/𝟐 𝑷𝑻
    from PI to PT

    C = Length of chord from PC to PT

    𝑹 𝑹 E = External distance, the nearest distance from PI to the


    𝑰/𝟐 𝑰/𝟐
    curve.
    m = Middle ordinate, the distance from midpoint of
    𝑰 curve to midpoint of chord.
    𝒐
    𝑳𝑪

    𝑪/𝟐 𝒎
    𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑻 𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑻

    𝟗𝟎°

    𝑹−𝒎
    𝑹 𝑹 𝑹 𝑹
    𝑰/𝟐
    𝑰

    𝒐 𝑪 𝑰 𝑹−𝒎
    𝒔 = 𝒓𝜽 𝑰 𝒐
    𝒄𝒐𝒔 =
    𝑳𝑪 = 𝑹𝑰 𝒔𝒊𝒏 =𝟐 𝟐 𝑹
    𝟐 𝑹
    𝟐𝝅 𝑰
    𝑳𝑪 = 𝑹 𝑰 𝑰 𝒎 = 𝑹 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔
    𝟑𝟔𝟎° 𝑪 = 𝟐𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐
    𝟐
    𝝅𝑹𝑰
    𝑳𝑪 =
    𝟏𝟖𝟎°
    𝑷𝑰
    𝑰

    𝑻
    𝑬

    𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑻
    𝟗𝟎°

    𝑹 𝑹
    𝑰/𝟐

    𝒐
    𝑰 𝑻
    𝑷𝑰 𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
    𝟐 𝑹

    𝑰
    𝑻 = 𝑹 𝒕𝒂𝒏
    𝟐
    𝑻
    𝑬

    𝑰 𝑹
    𝒄𝒐𝒔 =
    𝟐 𝑹+𝑬
    𝑷𝑪 𝟗𝟎°
    𝟏
    𝑬=𝑹 −𝟏
    𝑹 𝒄𝒐𝒔
    𝑰
    𝟐

    𝑹
    𝑰/𝟐

    𝒐
    𝑫𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆, 𝑫:

    𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑻

    𝑹 𝑫

    𝒐
    𝑨𝒓𝒄 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒔 𝑪𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒅 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒔

    𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟗𝟏𝟔 𝑫 𝟏𝟎
    𝑫= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 =
    𝑹 𝟐 𝑹
    𝑫𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆, 𝑫:
    𝑨𝒓𝒄 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒔 − 𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐀𝐔𝐋𝐓 𝑪𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒅 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒔
    𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟗𝟏𝟔 𝑫 𝟏𝟎
    𝑫= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 =
    𝑹 𝟐 𝑹

    𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒅, 𝑪: 𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒅𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝒎: 𝑬𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝑬:


    𝑰 𝑰 𝟏
    𝑪 = 𝟐𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒎 = 𝑹 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑬=𝑹 −𝟏
    𝟐 𝟐 𝑰
    𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐

    𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆, 𝑳𝑪 : 𝑻𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝑻:


    𝝅𝑹𝑰 𝑰
    𝑳𝑪 = 𝑻 = 𝑹 𝒕𝒂𝒏
    𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝟐
    EXAMPLE : SIMPLE CURVE
    1. You are about to layout on the ground a simple curve with radius 44
    meters with a central angle of 30°.
    a) Determine the degree of the curve.
    b) Determine the tangent distance.
    c) Determine the middle ordinate.
    d) Determine the external distance.
    e) Determine the length of the long cord.
    f) Determine the length of the simple curve.
    g) Determine the stationing of PI and PT if PC is at 0 + 000.
    EXAMPLE : SIMPLE CURVE
    2. A simple curve connects two tangents AB and BC with bearings
    𝑁 75°30′ 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 76°30′ 𝐸 , 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦. If the stationing of the
    vertex is 2 + 074.2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 stationing of PC is 1 + 998.4,
    a) Determine the radius of the simple curve
    b) Determine the external distance
    c) Determine the middle ordinate
    d) Determine the length of the long cord
    e) Determine the length of the simple curve.
    f) Determine the stationing of PT
    EXAMPLE : SIMPLE CURVE
    3. The angle of intersection of a circular curve is 45° 30' and its radius
    is 198.17 m. PC is at Sta. 0 + 700.
    a) Compute the right angle offset from Sta. 0 + 736.58 on the curve to tangent
    through PC.
    b) Compute the length of the chord from PC to that Station.
    c) Determine the length of the long cord
    d) Determine the length of the simple curve.
    e) Determine the stationing of PT
    B. Compound curve - It is a circular curve which consists of
    a double arc of different radius.

    𝑹𝟏

    𝑹𝟐
    C. Reversed curve - composed of two or more simple curves
    turning in opposite directions.

    𝑹𝟐
    𝑹𝟐

    𝑹𝟏
    𝑹𝟏
    D. Transition curve - a horizontal curve having a variable
    radius i.e., an infinite radius at the tangential point to the
    selected radius of the primary horizontal curve.

    SIMPLE CURVE
    𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑻

    𝑹 𝑹
    TANGENTS TANGENTS

    𝒐
    D. Transition curve - a horizontal curve having a variable
    radius i.e., an infinite radius at the tangential point to the
    selected radius of the primary horizontal curve.

    SIMPLE CURVE
    𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑻

    TRANSINTION TRANSINTION
    CURVE CURVE

    𝑹 𝑹

    TANGENTS TANGENTS
    2. Vertical curves - a curve having a variable radius,
    gradual changes in the slope of a roadway or railroad track
    along the vertical axis.
    A. Summit curves - are vertical curves with gradients upwards.
    They are formed when two gradients meet.
    B. Sag curves - are curves that connect descending grades, forming
    a bowl or a sag
    Element of Vertical curves ( PARABOLIC CURVES )
    𝑷𝑰

    𝒈𝟐
    𝒈𝟏 𝑯
    𝒚𝟐
    𝒚𝟏

    𝑷𝑻
    𝑷𝑪
    𝒙𝟏
    𝒙𝟐
    𝑳/𝟐 𝑳/𝟐
    𝑳
    Properties of Parabolic Curve
    EXAMPLE : SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE
    1. A grade line AB having a slope of +6% intersect another grade line
    BC having a slope of – 4% at B. The allowable rate of change in
    grade is 0.3%. If the elevation of the grade intersection is 100 𝑚
    with station of 20 + 120.
    A. Determine the length of the curve
    B. Determine stationing and elevation of PC
    C. Determine stationing and elevation of PT
    D. Determine stationing and elevation of the highest point of the curve
    EXAMPLE : SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE
    2. A descending grade of +0.80% meets an ascending grade of 0.40%
    at station 10 + 100 which has an elevation of 140.36 m. If the
    maximum allowable change in grade per 20 m station is -0.20%,
    A. what is the length of the vertical curve?
    B. Determine the stationing of the lowest point of the curve.
    C. Compute the elevation of the lowest point of the curve.
    EXAMPLE : SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE
    3. A grade of −4.2% grade intersects a grade of +3.0% at Station
    11 + 488.00 of elevations 20.80 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠. These two center grade
    lines are to be connected by a 260 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 vertical parabolic curve.
    A. At what station is the cross-drainage pipes be situated?
    B. If the overall outside dimensions of the reinforced concrete pipe to be
    installed is 95 cm, and the top of the culvert is 30 cm below the subgrade,
    what will be the invert elevation at the center?

    You might also like