Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
12
BULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

PRE CALCULUS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1

Quarter 1

INTODUCTION TO CONIC SECTIONS

AND CIRCLES

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
We present the conic sections, a particular class of curves which sometimes
appear in nature and which have applications in other fields. In this lesson, we first
illustrate how each of these curves is obtained from the intersection of a plane and a cone,
and then discuss the first of their kind, circles. The other conic sections will be covered
in the next lessons.

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM MELC

This activity sheet will focus on the topic on:
• Introduction to Conic sections and Circles
After going through this activity sheet, you are expected to:
• illustrate the different types of conic sections: circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, and
degenerate cases (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1)
• define circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2)
• determine the standard form of equation of a circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3)
III. ACTIVITIES
A. OVERVIEW
We introduce the conic sections, a particular class of curves which oftentimes appear in
nature and which have applications in other fields. One of the first shapes we learned, a
circle, is a conic. When you throw a ball, the trajectory it takes is a parabola. The orbit taken
by each planet around the sun is an ellipse. Properties of hyperbolas have been used in the
design of certain telescopes and navigation systems. We will discuss circles in this lesson,
leaving parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas for subsequent lessons.

B. LET US STUDY

These are the illustration of different conic section on how they were form:
• Circle – when the plane is horizontal
• Ellipse – when the (tilted) plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded curve
• Parabola – when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve
• Hyperbola – when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both cones to form two
unbounded curves (each called a branch of the hyperbola)
 We can draw these conic sections (also called conics) on a rectangular coordinate plane
and find their equations. To be able to do this, we will present equivalent definitions of conic
sections in subsequent sections, and use these to find equations.

There are other ways for a plane and the cones to intersect, to form what are referred to
as degenerated conics: a point, one line, and two lines.

DEFINITION AND EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE

A circle may also be considered a special kind of ellipse (for the special case when the
tilted plane is horizontal). As we get to know more about a circle, we will also be able to
distinguish more between these two conics
See Figure 1.7, with the point 𝐶(3,1) shown. From the figure, the distance of 𝐴(−2,1)
from C is 𝐴𝐶 = 5. By the distance formula, the distance of 𝐵(6,5) from C is
𝐵𝐶 = √(6 − 3)2 + (5 − 1)2 = 5. There are other points P such that 𝑃𝐶 = 5. The collection of points
which are 5 units away from C, forms a circle.

** Let C be a given point. The set of all points P having the same distance from C is called
a circle. The point C is called the center of the circle, and the common distance is radius.

See Figure 1.8, where a circle is drawn. It has center 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) and radius 𝑟 > 0. A point
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) is on the circle if and only if 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑟. For any such point then, its coordinates should
satisfy the following.
𝑃𝐶 = 𝑟
√(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

This is the standard equation of the circle with center 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) and radius r. If the
center is the origin, then ℎ = 0 and 𝑘 = 0. The standard equation is the 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 .

Example: In each item, give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given
conditions.
1. center at the origin, radius of 4
2. center at (−4,3), radius of √7
3. circle in Figure 1.7
4. center at (5, −6) tangent to the x-axis
5. has a diameter with endpoints 𝐴(−1,4) and 𝐵(4,2)
 Solution:
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
2. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 7
3. The center is (3,1), and the radius is 5, so the equation is (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 25
4. The center is 6 units away from the x-axis, the equation is (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 36.
5. The midpoint of AB which is also the center of a circle can be solve by midpoint
−1+4 4+2 3 3 29
formula 𝑀 = ( , ) = (2 , 3). The radius is the 𝑟 = √(−1 − 2)2 + (4 − 3)2 = √ 4 . The
2 2
3 29
circle has equation (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = .
4

General Form
3 29
After expanding the standard equation (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 4 , can be written as
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 4 = 0, an equation of the circle in general form.

General form: 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 ≠ 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0,

Example: Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each item.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 = 7
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 14𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 14 = 0
3. 16𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 + 96𝑥 − 40𝑦 = 315

Solution:
1. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 7
𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 = 7 + 9
2

(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
Center (3,0), 𝑟 = 4
2. 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = −14
𝑥 − 14𝑥 + 49 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = −14 + 49 + 1
2

(𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 36
Center (7, −1), 𝑟 = 6
3. 16𝑥 2 + 96𝑥 + 16𝑦 2 − 40𝑦 = 315
5
16(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥) + 16(𝑦 2 − 2 𝑦) = 315
5 25 25
16(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) + 16(𝑦 2 − 2 𝑥 + 16) = 315 + 16(9) + 16(16)
5
16(𝑥 + 3)2 + 16(𝑦 − 4)2 = 484
5 484 121 11
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = = = ( 2 )2
16 4
5
Center (−3, 4) , 𝑟 = 5.5

C. LET US PRACTICE
I. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each item.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49
2. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 25
7 3 169
3. (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 16
4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 12 = 0
5. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 14𝑥 + 18𝑦 = 7
II. Find the standard equation of the circle which satisfies the given conditions.
1. center at the origin, radius 2√2
2. center at (15, −20), radius 9
3. center at (−2,3), tangent to the x-axis
4. center at (−2,3), tangent to the line 𝑦 = 8
5. a diameter with endpoints (−9,2) and (15,12)
D. EVALUATION
I. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each item.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 81
2. 9𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 49
5 3 49
3. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 4
4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 − 16𝑦 + 8 = 0
5. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7
II. Find the standard equation of the circle which satisfies the given conditions.
1. center at the origin, radius 3√5
 Principal I/OIC – PSDS Bulan II
LEONISA M. ENOLVA
Approved:
ASP II – SHS Academics Principal III
MARIVIC A. AÑONUEVO SALVE E. FERRERAS
Recommending Approval:
MT-I MT-II, Subject Group Head
KAREN B. GUTLAY MERCY A. GAMBA
Checked and Reviewed by:
T-III
ARIAN E. GRANADO
Prepared by:
GARCES, Ian June L., Pre Calculus Teacher’s Guide, (2016)
REFERENCE V.
Let Us Practice Evaluation:
I. 1. center (0,0), 𝑟 = 7 II. 1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 45 I. 1. center (0,0), 𝑟 = 9 II. 1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 8
5 7
2. center (0,0), 𝑟 = 2. (𝑥 − 12)2 + (𝑦 − 17)2 = 36 2. center (0,0), 𝑟 = 3
2. (𝑥 − 15)2 + (𝑦 + 20)2 = 81
2
7 3 13 5 3 7
3. center (4 , − 4) , 𝑟 = 3. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 9 3. center (2 , − 2) , 𝑟 = 2 3. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 4
4
4. center (6,5), 𝑟 = 7 4. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 25 4. center (−5,8), 𝑟 = 9 4. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 64
7 9 5 1
5. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 81 5. center (− , ) , 𝑟 = √10 5. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25
2 2
5. center (2 , − 2) , 𝑟 = 6
III. 1. parabola 2. ellipse 3. ellipse 4. circle 5. hyperbola 6. circle
7. parabola 8. hyperbola
ANSWER KEY IV.
Identify the type of conics shown in each figure. III.
5. a diameter with endpoints (4,1) and (−2,9)
4. center at (−2,3), tangent to the line 𝑦 = 8
3. center at (−2,3), tangent to the y-axis
2. center at (12,17), radius 6