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    EPA - Location CEMs

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    EPA - Location CEMs

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    EPA- Location CEMs

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    EPA - Location CEMs

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    EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER

    GUIDELINE DOCUMENT

    DETERMINATION OF THE PRESENCE OF STRATIFICATION OF GASEOUS POLLUTANT AND


    DILUENT EMISSIONS FOR CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITOR OR REFERENCE METHOD
    RELATIVE ACCURACY LOCATIONS

    INTRODUCTION

    The CEMS locations in duct work close to the ground are usually the most
    accessible for maintenance and repair purposes, but often provide very
    difficult situations in terms of representative sampling. Because duct
    work is minimized for efficiency of space and cost, few duct locations
    provide a well-mixed condition desirable for CEMS installation.
    Frequently, by-passed gas is mixed with cleaned or scrubbed gas for
    reheating purposes, and the result is significant stratification of
    emissions within the duct work. Stratification can also occur due to poor
    scrubber operation, especially through plugging of gas passageways and
    liquid-slurry spray nozzles. This latter type of stratification is most
    difficult to measure and is often temporally variable. Stratification may
    cause a pollutant or diluent monitor to fail the relative accuracy test
    because the reference method may sample be collected at another
    nonstratified location.

    DISCUSSION

    If stratification is suspected, the following procedure to locate a point


    or path of average emissions for monitor location selection is suggested.
    For rectangular ducts, locate at least nine sample points in the cross
    section such that sample points are the centroids of similarly-shaped,
    equal area divisions of the cross section. Measure the pollutant
    concentration and, if applicable, the diluent concentration at each point
    using appropriate reference methods or other appropriate instrument methods
    that give responses relative to pollutant concentrations. Then calculate
    the mean value for all sample points, and select a point, points, or path
    that provides a value equivalent to the mean. The sample location should
    be within the inner 50 percent area of the cross section. For circular
    ducts, conduct a 12-point traverse (i.e., six points on each of the two
    perpendicular diameters) locating the sample points as described in 40 CFR
    60, Appendix A, Method 1. Perform the measurements and calculations as
    described above, and determine a point, points, or path that provides a
    value equivalent to the mean. The sample location should be within the
    inner 50 percent area of the cross section.

    If stratification is expected at the reference method location for relative


    accuracy testing, perform the measurements as described above, and
    determine if the mean pollutant concentration is more than 10% different
    from any single point. If so, the cross section is considered to be
    stratified, and the tester may not use the alternative traverse point
    locations as described in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, Performance

    Prepared by Dan Bivins, EMB EMTIC GD-025


    Technical Support Division, OAQPS, EPA June 21, 1994
    EMTIC GD-025 EMTIC GUIDELINE DOCUMENT PAGE 2

    Specification 2, section 3.2 (... 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0 meters from the stack
    or duct wall.) but must use the three traverse points at 16.7, 50.0, and
    83.3 percent of the entire measurement line.

    REFERENCES

    1. Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems - Performance


    Specification Guidelines for SO2, CO2, O2, and TRS, EPA-450/3-82-026,
    October 1982, page 9.

    2. APTI Course 474, Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems, Student


    Manual, 450/2-91-006a, May 1992, Revised Draft, pages 52-54.

    3. Transportable Continuous Emission Monitoring System Operational


    Protocol: Instrumental Monitoring of SO2, NO2 , CO
    2 , 2O , Effluent
    Concentrations, July 1982, page 2.

    Prepared by Dan Bivins, EMB EMTIC GD-025


    Technical Support Division, OAQPS, EPA June 21, 1994

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