MATH

LOGIC STATEMENTS
AND
QUANTIFIERS
LOGIC STATEMENTS
Every language contains different types of
sentences, such as statements, questions, and
commands. For instance,
“Am I beautiful?”
“Go get me some water!”
“This is a nice room.”
“Manila is the capital of the Philippines.”
A Statement is a declarative sentence that is either
true or false, but not both true and false.
A simple declarative sentence has a simple
sentence structure, consisting of a subject and a
predicate. Examples of declarative sentences in the
simple form includes;
“My dog is sick.”
“It is a nice day.”
“Pizza is the best.”
“Sam is smart.”
EXAMPLE 1: IDENTIFY STATEMENTS
a.Florida is a state in the United States.

b.How are you?
c. 9 + 2 is a prime number
9
d. 𝑥 + 1 = 5.
SIMPLE AND COMPOUND STATEMENTS
Simple Statement is a statement that conveys a single idea.
Compound Statement is a statement that conveys two or more ideas.
Connecting simple statement with words and phrases such as and, or, if,
…then, and if and only if creates a compound statement.
Examples:
“I will attend the meeting or I will go to school.”
It is a compound statement that is composed of two simple statements, “I
will attend the meeting” and “I will go to school.”
LOGIC CONNECTIVE AND SYMBOLS
SYMBOLIC TYPE OF
STATEMENT CONNECTIVE
FORM STATEMENT
not p not ~p negation
p and q and p^q conjunction
p or q or pνq disjunction
If p, then q If… then p→q conditional
p if and only if q If and only if p↔q biconditional

EXAMPLE 2: WRITE THE NEGATION
OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS
a.Ken Suson is a rock singer.
b.The cat does not need to be fed.

OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS
a.Ken Suson is a rock singer.
Ken Suson is not a rock singer.
b.The cat does not need to be fed.

The cat need to be fed.
State the negation of each statements.
1. I will not become a registered nurse.

2. The Queen Mary 2 is the world’s largest cruise ship.
3. The fire engine is not red.
4. St. Anthony College of Roxas City is not one of the
best nursing schools in Capiz.
5. SB19 is not the king of P-Pop industry.
EXAMPLE 3: WRITE THE
COMPOUND STATEMENTS
IN SYMBOLIC FORM.
Consider the following Write the following compound
simple statements. statements in symbolic form.
a. Today is Friday and it is raining.
• p: Today is Friday b. It is not raining and I am going to
• r: I am going to watch a movie.
watch a movie. c. I am going to a basketball game or
• q: It is raining. I am going to watch a movie.
• s: I am not going to d. If it is raining, then I am not going to
a basketball game the basketball game.
EXAMPLE 4: TRANSLATE THE
SYMBOLIC STATEMENTS
Consider the following Write each of the following
statements: symbolic statement in
p: The game will be played in words.
Atlanta.
a. q ^ p
q: The game will be shown on
CBS. b. ~r ^ s
r: the game will not be shown c. s ↔ ~p
on ESPN.
s: The Mets are favored to win.
Write each of the following
EXAMPLE 4: TRANSLATE THE symbolic statement in
SYMBOLIC STATEMENTS words.
Consider the following a. q ^ p
statements: b. ~r ^ s
p: The game will be played in c. s ↔ ~p
Atlanta.
CBS.
r: the game will not be shown
on ESPN.
Write each of the following
EXAMPLE 4: TRANSLATE THE symbolic statement in
SYMBOLIC STATEMENTS words.
Consider the following a. q ^ p
statements: b. ~r ^ s
p: The game will be played in c. s ↔ ~p
Atlanta.
CBS.
r: the game will not be shown
on ESPN.
COMPOUND STATEMENTS AND GROUPING SYMBOLS
If a compound statement is written in a symbolic form, then
parenthesis are used to indicate which simple statements are
grouped together. The use of parenthesis is to indicate
groupings for statements in symbolic form.
If a compound statement is written as an English sentence,
then a comma is used to indicate which simple statements
are grouped together. Statements on the same side of a
comma are grouped together.
English Sentence The comma indicate that:
q and ~r are grouped together because they are

p, and q or not r.
both on the same side of the comma.
p and q are grouped together because they are both
p and q, or r.
on the same side of the comma.
p and ~q are grouped because they are both to the
If p and not q, then left of the comma.
r or s. r and s are grouped together because they are both
to the right of the comma.
Let p, q and r represents the
following.
EXAMPLE 5: TRANSLATE p: You get a promotion.
COMPOUND STATEMENTS q: You complete the training.
r: You will receive a bonus.
a. Write (p ^ q) → r as an English sentence.

Ans: If you get a promotion and you complete the training,
then you will receive a bonus.
b. Write :If you do not complete the training, then you will not
get a promotion and you will not receive a bonus.” in symbolic
form.
Let p, q and r represents the
following.
EXAMPLE 5: TRANSLATE p: You get a promotion.
COMPOUND STATEMENTS q: You complete the training.
r: You will receive a bonus.
a. Write (p ^ q) → r as an English sentence.
Ans: If you get a promotion and you complete the training,
then you will receive a bonus.
b. Write :If you do not complete the training, then you will not
get a promotion and you will not receive a bonus.” in symbolic
form.
Ans: ~q → (~p ^ ~r)
TRUTH TABLE
EXAMPLE 6: DETERMINE THE TRUTH VALUE OF
A STATEMENT
Determine whether each statement is true or false.
a. 7 ≥ 5.
b. 5 is a whole number
and 5 is an even number.
c. 2 is a prime number and 2 is even number.

QUANTIFIERS AND NEGATION
OF A QUANTIFIED STATEMENT.
a. Some airports are open.

b. All movies are worth the price of admission.
c. No odd numbers are divisible by 2.

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LOGIC STATEMENTS

a.Florida is a state in the United States.

not p not ~p negation

p and q and p^q conjunction

If p, then q If… then p→q conditional

p if and only if q If and only if p↔q biconditional

b.The cat does not need to be fed.

b.The cat does not need to be fed.

1. I will not become a registered nurse.

q and ~r are grouped together because they are

a. Write (p ^ q) → r as an English sentence.

c. 2 is a prime number and 2 is even number.

a. Some airports are open.

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