2022

What is Internet ? How does it work.

Internet is a collection of computer networks around the world. The internet provide facility
to exchange information, message and files with other computer, that are connected to the
internet.

How does it work

It works by connecting networks to gether through routers and switches, which forward
packets of data between network and link devicea within a network.

Input devices

The device through which we enter data and program into the computer is called input
devices. The input device accepts input in a form that the computer can use, and then
sends to the processing unit. There are several major types of Input Devices.

• Keyboard

The keyboard is the most common type of input device. It is use to input numbers and
characters. It looks like a typewriter keyboard but a computer enhanced keyboard has
some special keys used to perform special functions. Data are entered by pressing the keys
on the keyboard.

• Mouse

Mouse is the most commonly used input device that is used to control the position of the
pointer or cursor on the screen and to sends command signals to the computer. By clicking
buttons on the, mouse users can select, drag and interact with various elements on the
computer screen.

• Trackball

A trackball is also a pointing input device . It performs functions like a mouse but it is a
stationary or fixed device with a moveable Ball on its top. The ball is rotated or rolled with
fingers. Rotation of the ball causes the pointer on the screen to move it’s has different
buttons that helps in giving different selections or commands.

• Joystick

It is a pointing device that is used to control the pointer or position of object on the
computer screen. It consists of a vertical handle like a gearshift level build an a fixed with
one or more buttons. It is normally used in video games, and designing software.
What is Microsoft Excel?

Microsoft Excel is most popular spreadsheet program that allows you to perform various
calculations on numeric data, creating charts, etc. It also allows you to format the text in
cells and printing text etc.

What is difference between save and save as?

When you save a file, it means you’re simply updating and storing changes to an existing
file. On the other hand, when you use “Save As,” you’re creating a new copy of the file with a
different name or in a different location. It’s like making a duplicate of the original file.
“Save As” is useful when you want to keep the original file intact while making changes to a
new version.

What are some ethical and security issues related to information assurance?

Information assurance, there are indeed ethical and security issues to consider. Some
ethical concerns include protecting the privacy and confidentiality of sensitive information,
ensuring the accuracy and integrity of data, and respecting intellectual property rights.
Security issues involve safeguarding data from unauthorized access, preventing data
breaches or cyberattacks, and implementing proper security measures to mitigate risks.
It’s important to prioritize both ethics and security to maintain trust and protect valuable
information.

Categories of computer?

Computers can be broadly categorized into different types based on their size,
functionality, and purpose. Some common categories of computers include:

1. Personal Computers (PCs): These are the computers we typically use at home or in
offices for general computing tasks like browsing the internet, creating documents,
and playing games.

2. Laptops: These are portable computers that offer the same functionality as PCs but
in a compact and mobile form factor. They are great for people who need to work on
the go.
 3. Tablets: These are lightweight, touchscreen devices that are designed for browsing
the internet, consuming media, and running mobile apps. They are more portable
than laptops and offer a more interactive experience.

4. Servers: These are powerful computers that are used to store, manage, and
distribute data and services to other computers or devices on a network. They are
commonly found in data centers and are essential for running websites,
applications, and databases.

5. Mainframes: Mainframes are large, high-performance computers that are designed

to handle massive amounts of data processing and serve multiple users
simultaneously. They are commonly used in large organizations and for critical tasks
like banking and scientific research.

2021

What is artificial intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent
machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. It involves
developing algorithms and systems that can learn from data, reason, understand natural
language, perceive their environment, and make decisions or take actions. AI can be found
in various applications such as virtual assistants, image recognition, natural language
processing, autonomous vehicles, and much more.

Difference between website and webpage?

A webpage is a single document or page that is part of a website. It’s like a single page
within a book. It contains specific content, such as text, images, videos, or interactive
elements, and is accessed through a web browser.

On the other hand, a website is a collection of webpages that are interconnected and share
a common domain name. It’s like an entire book that consists of multiple pages. A website
can have multiple webpages, each with its own unique content and purpose.
What is purpose of network layer?

The purpose of the network layer is to facilitate communication and data transfer between
different networks. It is responsible for routing packets of data from the source device to
the destination device across multiple networks. The network layer uses IP (Internet
Protocol) addresses to identify devices and determine the best path for data transmission.
It also handles tasks such as packet fragmentation, error handling, and congestion control.
In simpler terms, the network layer helps ensure that data can travel across different
networks and reach its intended destination.

What is pirated software?

Pirated software refers to unauthorized copies of software that are distributed or used
without the permission of the software’s copyright holder. It is like obtaining and using
software without paying for it or without following the terms and conditions set by the
software developer. This is considered illegal and unethical because it violates copyright
laws and deprives the creators of their rightful compensation for their work. It’s always best
to use legitimate and properly licensed software to support the developers and ensure you
have a legal and secure computing experience.

Multitasking and Single tasking?

Multitasking refers to the ability of a computer or operating system to perform multiple

tasks or processes simultaneously. It allows you to work on multiple applications or tasks
at the same time, switching between them seamlessly. For example, you can listen to
music while browsing the internet or have multiple programs open on your computer and
switch between them as needed.

On the other hand, single tasking refers to a system or environment where only one task or
process can be performed at a time. In a single tasking environment, you have to complete
one task before moving on to the next. Older operating systems, such as MS-DOS, were
primarily single tasking, meaning you could only run one program at a time.

What is E Commerce?

The term e-commerce or e-business describes the transactions conducted electronically

between business partners over computer network . The users can buy, sell, and exchange
of products or services via computer network.