Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Don Severino de las Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite

Fluid Mechanics

Name: Pelaez, Joshua, D. Date: May 15, 2024

Section: ______BSE-SCI 1-2__________Instructor: Mr. Orlando___

PROBLEM SET 5

1. How is the buoyant force on a floating solid related to the weight of the solid? Does this
force depend on the volume of the liquid displaced by the floating solid?

 The buoyant force acting on a floating solid is equivalent to the weight of the liquid it
displaces, regardless of the solid’s weight. This force is determined solely by the volume
of the displaced liquid. This called Archimedes' principle, explains why objects float or
sink in water. When an object is submerged in a fluid, it displaces an amount of fluid
equal to its own volume. The buoyant force acting on the object is equal to the weight of
the displaced fluid, and if it's greater than the object's weight, it floats; if it's less, the
object sinks.

2. How does the center of gravity of a floating object differ from the center of buoyancy? Do
the two points ever coincide?

 The center of gravity of a floating object represents where its weight is concentrated,
while the center of buoyancy indicates where the buoyant force acts. Usually, these
points aren’t the same because they depend on different factors like the object’s mass
distribution and the displaced fluid’s volume. However, in certain scenarios, such as with
a symmetric object of uniform density, they may align. For submerged bodies of
uniformed density , center of buoyancy coincides with the center of gravity of the
object. Only for floating bodies these two will differ.

3. How is it possible for a submarine to submerge or rise in water?

 Submarine. In the process of submerging, a submarine adjusts its buoyancy by

permitting water into its tanks, thereby augmenting its overall weight. Conversely, when
resurfacing is desired, the submarine expels the water from its tanks utilizing compressed
air, thus reducing its weight and ascending to the surface.
4. Find the actual pressure of the air inside a tire if the gauge pressure is 21 cm of mercury
and atmospheric pressure is 76 cm of mercury.

Given: Pgauge = 21 cm
Patmosphere = 76 cm
Ptotal = ?

Solution:
Converting cmHg > Pascal
1,333.22 Pa
21 cmHg= =27,997.62 Pa
1 cmHg

1,333.22 Pa
76 cmHg= =101,324.72 Pa
1 cmHg

Pg=Pt −Pa
Thus, Pt =Pg+ Pa

Pt =27,997.62 Pa+101,324 Pa=129,322.34 Pa

5. A piece of copper weighs 345 g of force. When it is immersed in a liquid of specific
gravity 1.2, how much will it weigh?

Given:
Wcopper = 345 g force
Specific gravity of liquid = 1.2

Solution:
Solve for the density of liquid.
d
s= > p=s × Psc
d water
3 3
p=1.2 ×1 g/c m =1.2 g /c m

Solve for the Volume of copper.

Wc
Wc=Vdg> v=
d copper
345 g f 3
V= 3
=38.63 c m
8.93 g/c m
Solve for the Buoyance force.
BF =V copper × d liquid × g
3 3
¿ 38.63 c m ×1.2 g/c m × g=46.36 g force

Solve for the weigh of liquid.

W liquid =W copper−B F
W liquid =345 g force−46.36 g forve

¿ 298.64 g force
6. A rectangular barge is 4 m by 50 m. If it takes in a load of 2,400 kg, how much further
will it sink in fresh water?

Given:
Rectangular barge = 4m by 50 m
Load = 2,400 kg

Solution:
Solve the volume of the liquid displaced.
m m
d= > v=
v d
2,400 kg 3
v= 3
=2.4 m
1,000 kg/m

After solving the volume get the area of rectangular barge.

2
4 m× 50 m=200 m

Next is to find the height of rectangular barge when it sink to fresh water.
V
v= Ah> h=
A
3
2.4 m
h= 2
200 m

h=0.012 m

7. A piece of wood weighs 60 x 980 dynes in air. It is then immersed in water by means of a
sinker which weighs 30 x 980 dynes in water. The combined weight of the sinker and
wood when totally immersed in water is 20 x 980 dynes. Calculate the density of wood.

Given:
Weight of wood in air = 60×980 dynes
Weight of sinker in water = 30×980 dynes
Total submerged in water = 20×980 dynes

Solution:
Convert dynes to grams force.
1g
W wood=60 × 980 dynes= =60 g
980 dynes
1g
W sinker =30 ×980 dynes= =30 g
980 dynes
1g
W total submerged=20 × 980 dynes= =20 g
980 dynes
Find the volume of wood.
W water diplaced
V solid =
d water
 V solid =W air−W water

Since there are two weight of water we will minus them.

60 g−( 20 g−30 g)
V solid = 3
=70 c m3
1 g /c m
Calculate for density of wood.
W wood
d wood =
V wood
60 g
d wood = 3
70 c m
3
d=0.857 g /c m
8. Ice has a density of 0.92 g/cm³ and sea water a density of 1.04 g/cm³. Calculate the total
volume of a floating iceberg if 30 m³ is above sea water.

Given:
3
d ice =0.92 g/c m
3
d seawater =1.04 g/c m
3
V iceberge=30 m

Solution:
Using law of floatation where;
v dice
=
V d seawater
3
v 0.92 g /c m
= =0.8846
V 1.04 g /c m3

Calculating for the total volume of floating iceberg above sea level.
V iceberg
V ( 1−v )=V iceberg > V =
1−v
3
30 m
V=
1−0.8846
3
V =259.9653∨260 m
9. A certain block floats on water with 90% of its volume submerged. Calculate the specific
gravity of the block.

Given:

V submerge =90 % → 90 /100=0.9 V

Solution:
Bouyance force is equal to the weight of block that floats on water where:
 BF =V submerge × d water × g thus , W block =V ×d block × g
BF =W block

0.9 V submerge × d water × g=V × d block × g

Canceling out the acceleration due to gravity and the volume of both side:
0.9 × d water=d block

Thus , d block =0.9 × d water

Now, to solve the specific gravity of block the equation is:

s
S=
P sc

( 0.9 × d water )
S=
d water
3
0.9 ×1 g/c m
S= 3
1 g/c m

S=0.9
10. An irregular piece of solid weighs 9,800 dynes in air and 6,900 dynes when immersed in a
liquid of specific gravity 0.85. Find (a) the volume of the solid and (b) the density of the
solid.

Given:
Wa = 9,800 dynes
Ww = 6,900 dynes
s_unknown liquid = 0.85

Solution:
Convert dynes to gram-forces.
1 gf
9,800 dynes × =9.993 gf
980.665 dynes
1 gf
6,900 dynes= =7.036 gf
980.665 dynes
Solve for the density of liquid
d
s=
d water
d
0.85= 3
1 g/c m
3 3
d=0.85× 1 g /c m =0.85 g /c m
a.) Solve for the volume of solid
Wa−Ww
V=
dg
 9.993−7.036 g f
V= 3
0.85 g/c m
3
¿ 3.478∨3.48 c m
b.) Mass density of solid
weight
m=
volume
9.993 gf
m= 3
3.48 c m
3
m=2.87 g /c m

11. A beaker which is partly filled with water weighs 40 g force in air. If another solid of
specific gravity 0.8 and a volume of 4 cm³ is now made to float on the water in the
beaker, how much will the beaker weigh?

Given:
Wweight = 40 g force
Specific gravity = 0.8
Volume = 4 cm³

Solution:
Solve for the density of solid.
d
s= > d=s × Psc
d water
3 3
p=0.8× 1 g /c m =0.8 g /c m
Solve the mass of solid.
m
d=> m=dv
v
3 3
m=0.8 g /c m × 4 c m
¿ 3.2 g
Solve for the weight of beaker when there is solid floating.
W beaker =W water +W solid

W beaker =40+3.2 g force

¿ 43.2 g force
12. A man of mass 65 kg stands on a solid which floats on water. If the solid has a density of
0.6 g/cm³ and the man standing on it is just barely out of the surface of the water, what is
the volume of the solid?
Given:
Mman = 65 kg
Density of solid = 0.6 g/cm³

Solution:
Convert kg to g.
1000 g
65 kg × =6 5,000 g
1k g
 Equate the Wtotal to the weight of displaced liquid.
W displace dliquid =V solid × d water × g
V solid × d solid + M man × g=V solid × d water × g
Transpose the equation.
M man=V solid × d solid−V solid ×d water
M man=V solid × d water−d solid
Solve for the volume of solid.
M man
M man=V solid × d water−d solid >V solid=
d water −d solid
65,000 g
V solid = 3
1−0.6 g/c m
3
¿ 162,500∨0.1625 c m

13. A solid of mass 700 g is found by weighing to have a mass of 600 g in water and 640 g in
oil. Find the (a) density of the metal and (b) the density of oil.

Given:
Msolid = 700g
Mwater = 600g
Moil = 640g
Dsolid = ?
Dmetal = ?

Solution:
Solve for the volume of solid.
Ms−Mw
V=
d ofwater
700 g−600 g
V= 3
1 g /c m
3
V =100 c m
a.) Solve for the density of metal.
w
D=
v
700 g
D= 3
100 c m
3
¿ 7 g/c m
b.) Solve for the density of oil.
Ms−Mo
D=
V
700 g−640 g
D= 3
100 c m

60 g 3
¿ 3
=0.6 g/c m
100 c m
14. A wooden cube the edge of which measures 40 cm floats in water with 8 cm above the
surface of water. Find (a) the density of the cube and (b) the mass of the cube.

Given:
Edge of cube = 40cm
Depth = 8 cm

Solution:

Find the overall of cube.

3
V Cube =40 cm× 40 cm× 40 cm=64,000 cm
Find the submerge part.
40−8 cm=32cm
Find the volume of submerge part.
3
V submerge =40 cm× 40 cm× 32 cm=51,200 cm

a) Solve for the mass of cube.

m
d= > m=V submerge × d water
v

3 g
M cube =51,200 cm ×1 3
cm

M cube =51,200 g
b) Solve for the density of wood.
m
d=
v
51,200 g
d= 3
64,000 cm

g
¿ 0.8 3
cm
15. A wooden cube measuring 12 cm on one edge has a specific gravity of 0.4. If it is made to
float in water by attaching a piece of copper to its bottom (specific gravity of copper =
8.9). How much copper must be used so that 75% of the volume of the block will be
immersed in water?

Given:
Edge of cube = 12 cm
Specific gravity of wood cube = 0.4
Specific gravity of copper = 8.9

Solution:
Find the density of wood cube.
d=s × d water
3 3
d=0.4 ×1 g/cm =0.4 g /cm
 Find the density of copper.
d=s × d water
3 3
d=8.9× 1 g /cm =8.9 g/cm
Find the volume of wood cube.
3
12 cm× 12 cm×12 cm=1,728 cm
Solve for the mass of wood cube.
m
d= > m=d × v
v
3 3
mass=0.4 g /cm ×1,728 cm =691.2 g
Solve for the volume of submerge part.
V submerge =Fraction ×T volume
3 3
V submerge =0.75 ×1,728 cm =1,296 cm
Find the mass of submerge part.
m
d= > m=V Submerge × d water
v
3 3
m=1,296 cm ×1 g/cm =1,296 g
Calculate for the mass of copper that will be used when 75% of block will immerge.
M wood cube + M copper=M submerge > M copper=M Sudmerge −M wood cube
M copper =1,296 g−691.2 g

M copper=604.8 g

References:
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://
www.quora.com/What-if-the-centre-of-gravity-and-the-centre-of-buoyancy-of-floating-object-
are-the-same%23:~:text%3DFor%2520submerged%2520bodies%2520of%2520uniforme,height
%2520of%2520h
%252F2..&ved=2ahUKEwi4tIXKnZuGAxWFzTgGHX67DngQFnoECBIQBQ&usg=AOvVaw1
3Hf8EUlI53Pfg-5nJRhD9