Chemistry

Question 1:

What is the correct relationship between the pHs of isomolar solutions of sodium
oxide (pH1 ) sodium sulphide (pH2 ), sodium selenide (pH3 ) and sodium telluride
(pH )?
4

a. pH1 > pH
2
= pH
3
> pH
4

b. pH1 < pH
2
< pH
3
< pH
4

c. pH1 < pH2 < pH3 = pH4

d. pH1 > pH
2
> pH
3
> pH
4

Question 2:

Which of the following is arranged in decreasing order of size?

2+ 3+ 2−
a. Mg > Al > O

2− 2+ 3+
b. O > Mg > Al

3+ 2+ 2−
c. Al > Mg > O

3+ 2− 2+
d. Al > O > Mg

Question 3:

When gold is dissolved in aqua-regia which of the following is formed:

a. Aurous nitrate

b. Chloroauric acid

c. Auric chloride

d. None of these

Question 4:

Among the electrolytes Na2 SO4 , CaCl2 , Al2 (SO4 )3 and NH4 Cl, the most
effective coagulating agent for Sb2 S3 solution is:
 a. Na2 SO4

b. CaCl2

c. Al2 (SO4 )3

d. NH4 Cl

Question 5:

The compressibility of a gas is less than unity at STP. Therefore:

a. Vm > 22.4 litre

b. Vm < 22.4 litre

c. Vm = 22.4 litre

d. Vm = 42.4 litre

Question 6:

Heating mixture of Cu2 O and Cu2 S will give:

a. Cu + SO2

b. Cu + SO3

c. CuO + CuS

d. Cu2 O + S

Question 7:

3−
In P O4 , the formal charge on each oxygen atom and P − O bond order are
respectively:

a. −0.75, 0.6

b. −0.5, 1.0

c. −0.75, 1.25

d. −3.0, 1.5

Question 8:

The complex ion which has no d-electrons in the central metal atom is:
 −
a. [MnO4 ]

3+
b. [Co(NH3 )6 ]

3−
c. [Fe(CN)6 ]

3+
d. [Cr(H2 O)6 ]

Question 9:

In which of the following arrangements, the sequence is not strictly according to the
property written against it?

a. CO2 < SiO2 < SnO2 < PbO2 : increasing oxidising power

b. HF < HCl < HBr < HI: increasing acid strength

c. NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 : increasing basic strength

d. B < C < O < N: increasing first ionization enthalpy

Question 10:

3+
Aqueous ammonia is used as a precipitating reagent for Al ions as Al(OH)3
rather than aqueous NaOH, because:

+
a. NH4 is a weak base

b. NaOH is a strong base

−
c. NaOH forms [Al(OH)4 ] ions

+
d. NaOH forms [Al(OH)2 ] ions

Question 11:

The reaction of white phosphorus with aqueous NaOH gives phosphine along with
another phosphorus-containing compound. The reaction type; the oxidation states of
phosphorus in phosphine and the other product are respectively.

a. Redox reaction, −3 and −5

b. Redox reaction, +3 and +5

c. Disproportionation reaction, −3 and +5

 d. Disproportionation reaction, −3 and +3

Question 12:

The name firedamp is given to:

a. Methane

b. Ethane

c. Propane

d. Butane

Question 13:

Rearrangement of an oxime to an amide in presence of strong acid is called:

a. Curtius rearrangement

b. Fries rearrangement

c. Beckmann rearrangement

d. Aldol condensation

Question 14:

Liquid hydrocarbons can be converted to a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons by:

a. Oxidation

b. Cracking

c. Distillation under reduced pressure

d. Hydrolysis

Question 15:

The carbide of which of the following metals on hydrolysis gives allylene or propyne?

a. Be

b. Ca

c. Al
 d. Mg

Question 16:

Which of the following pairs form the same osazone?

a. Glucose and fructose

b. Glucose and galactose

c. Glucose and arabinose

d. Lactose and maltose

Question 17:

Treatment of ammonia with excess ethyl chloride will yield?

a. Triethylamine

b. Diethylamine

c. Ethylamine

d. Tetraethyl ammonium chlorides

Question 18:

Transition metals make the most efficient catalysts because of their ability to:

a. Adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes

b. Form coloured ions

c. Show paramagnetism due to unpaired electrons

d. Form a large number of oxides

Question 19:

What is the IUPAC name of this compound?

 a. Ethoxy methanone

b. Ethyl-2-methyl propanoate

c. Ethoxypropanone

d. 2-methyl ethoxy propanone

Question 20:

Identify A and predict the type of reaction:

a. and elimination addition.

 b. and eine substitution reaction.

c. and substitution reaction.

d. and substitution reaction.

Question 21:

−3
A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15 × 10 sec
−1
. How long will 5 g of
this reactant take to reduce to 3 g?

Question 22:

Calculate the molality of 2.5 grams of Ethanoic Acid (CH3 COOH ) in 75 grams of
Benzene.

Question 23:
∘
20 molecules are dissolved in a sample of gas at 27 C and 760 torr. Mixture has the
density at equilibrium equal to:

Question 24:

Following is the graph between log T1/2 and log a (a = initial concentration) for a
∘
given reaction at 27 C. Hence, the order is:
 Question 25:

A mixture of Ne and Ar at 250 K has a total K.E. = 3KJ in a closed vessel, the
total mass of Ne and Ar is 30 g. Find mass % of Ne in the gaseous mixture at
250 K.

Answers

1 : (d) 2 : (b) 3 : (b) 4 : (c) 5 : (b) 6 : (a)

7 : (c) 8 : (a) 9 : (c) 10 : (b) 11 : (c) 12 : (a)
13 : (c) 14 : (b) 15 : (d) 16 : (a) 17 : (d) 18 : (a)
19 : (b) 20 : (d) 21 : 444 22 : 0.56 23 : 3.081 24 : 0
25 : 28.2

Explanations

Question 1 :

The correct order of pH of isomolar solution of sodium oxide (pH1 ), sodium sulphide (pH2 ),
sodium selenide (pH3 ) and sodium telluride (pH4 ) is pH1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4 because
in aqueous solution, they are hydrolysed as follows.

Na2 O + 2H2 O → 2NaOH + H2 O

Base
Na2 S + 2H2 O → 2NaOH + H2 S
Strong Base Weak Acid

Na2 Se + 2H2 O → 2NaOH + H2 Se

Strong Base Weak Acid

Na2 Te + 2H2 O → 2NaOH + H2 Te

Strong Base Weak Acid

Order of acidic strength:

H2 Te > H2 Se > H2 S > H2 O

Order of neutralisation of NaOH:

H2 Te > H2 Se > H2 S > H2 O

Thus, their aqueous solutions have the following order of basic character due to neutralisation
of NaOH with H2 O, H2 S, H2 Se and H2 Te.

Na2 O > Na2 S > Na2 Se > Na2 Te

Question 2 :

2−
O with atomic number 8 has 8 + 2 = 10 electrons

2+
Mg with atomic number 12 has 12 − 2 = 10 electrons

3+
Al with atomic number 13 has 13 − 3 = 10 electrons

Since all these ions have 10 electrons in their shell therefore these are iso-electronic species.

The more + the charge, the smaller the ionic radius. Remember that − means adding
electrons. These electrons go in the outermost shells. Also, when an atom loses electrons, it
clings ever more tightly to the ones it has left, further reducing the ionic radius. therefore the
2− 2+ 3+
order of ionic radii will be: O > Mg > Al .

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 3 :

Aqua regia is also known as royal water is used for the dissolution of gold. It is a mixture of
hydrochloric acid and nitric acid present in the ratio of 3 : 1 or we can say that aqua regia is
formed by mixing three parts of nitric acid and one part of hydrochloric acid. The name aqua
regia was coined because this solution can dissolve gold which is known as the king of metals.
When gold dissolves in aqua regia, chloroauric acid is formed.

The reaction involved is mentioned below:

Au + HNO3 + 4HCl → HAuCl4 + NO + 2H2 O

Question 4 :

Sb2 S3 is a negative solution.

3+
So, Al2 (SO4 )3 will be the most effective coagulant due to higher charge density on Al in
accordance with Hardy-Schulze rule.

According to the Hardy-Schulze rule, the greater the valency of active ion, the greater will be its
coagulating power.

Thus, the Hardy-Schulze rule states the following:

i. The ions carrying the charge opposite to that of solution particles are effective in causing
coagulation of the solution.

ii. The coagulating power of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the valency of the active
ions (ions causing coagulation).

Order of effectiveness of cations is as follows:

3+ 2+ + +
Al > Ca > Na > NH
4

Question 5 :

As we know that the formula for compressibility of a gas is:

PV
⇒ Z =
nRT

Where, Z stands for compressibility, P stands for the pressure of the gas, V stands for the
molar volume of the gas and T stands for the temperature. R is the gas constant.

Since in question it is given that the compressibility of the gas is less than unity, we can say
that:

PV
⇒ Z =
nRT

PV
⇒ < 1
nRT

⇒ P V < nRT

Now, substituting all the values into the above equation-

At STP,

V = molar volume = Vm

P pressure of the gas = 1 atm

T temperature = 273 K

−1
R gas constant = 0.0821 L atm K

⇒ P Vm < nRT
⇒ 1 atm × Vm < 1 × 0.0821 × 273

⇒ Vm < 22.4 litres

Question 6 :

Copper is a metal denoted by symbol Cu and copper electropositive in nature it donates two
electrons and sulphur is electronegative in nature takes two electrons from copper metal and
an ionic bond is formed between copper and sulphur. So, to break this bond heat is supplied.

The heating mixture of copper oxide Cu2 O and copper sulphide Cu2 S gives Copper and
Sulphur dioxide gas.

Heat
2Cu2 O + Cu2 S ⟶ 6Cu + SO2

This reaction is an example of an auto reduction process because copper metal reduces itself.

Question 7 :

The formal charge is calculated using the formula:

Number of bonding electrons

F. C. = Valence electrons − Number of non-bonding electrons −
2

We can calculate the bond order of the phosphate ion using the formula::

Number of Bonds
Bond order =
Number of resonating structures

5
Bond order = = 1.25
4
To calculate the formal charge, use the above formula.

For oxygen atom that forms a double bond with Phosphorus atom,

Formal charge = [6] − [4 + 2] = 0.

For an oxygen atom that forms a single bond with a Phosphorus atom,

Formal charge = [6] − [6 + 1] = −1

In the resonance structure, a total of −3 charge is distributed over four oxygen atoms. Thus the
−3
formal charge of each oxygen atom is = −0.75
4

Question 8 :

−
The oxidation state of Mn in [MnO4 ] = +7, hence it does not have any d - electron present
5 2
in it. The electronic configuration of Mn = [Ar]3d 4s .

+7 0
The electronic configuration of Mn = [Ar]3d 4s .
0

+3 6 0
The electronic configuration of Co = [Ar]3d 4s .

5
The electronic configuration of Fe+3 = [Ar]3d 4s
0
.

+3 3
The electronic configuration of Cr = [Ar]3d 4s
0
.

Question 9 :

In group15 hydrides, the basic character decreases on going down the group due to a decrease
in the availability of the lone pair of electrons because of the increase in the size of elements
from N to Bi. Thus, the correct order of basicity is:

NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3

Question 10 :

3+
NaOH is a strong base. When it is used as precipitating reagent for Al , initially it forms a
colourless white gel precipitate of Al(OH)3 which dissolves in excess of NaOH by forming
3−
colourless complex of [Al(OH)6 ] . But in case of NH3 used as precipitating reagent,
colourless white gel precipitate of Al(OH)3 is formed which is not further affected by the
excess of NH3 .

Question 11 :

Phosphorus is a tetra-atomic molecule which exists in two forms, red phosphorus and white
phosphorus, because of its highly reactive nature and the chemical formula is P4 .
Phosphine's chemical formula is P H3 , which is also called as Pnictogen hydride.

The reaction of white phosphorus with aqueous NaOH gives phosphine along with another
phosphorus-containing compound:

P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2 O → PH3 + 3NaH2 PO2

And the other product is sodium hypophosphite.

Sodium hypophosphite further produces Tetrasodium pyrophosphate and excessive phosphine.

4NaH2 PO2 → Na4 P2 O7 + 2PH3 + H2 O

The oxidation state of white phosphorus in P4 is 0.

Oxidation state of Sodium (Na) is +1, oxygen is −2 and hydrogen is +1.

In the first and second reactions, the oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphine is x.

x + 3(+1) = 0

⇒ x + 3 = 0

∴ x = −3

The value of x is −3.

Oxidation state of phosphorus in Sodium hypophosphite is y.

1(+1) + 2(+1) + y + 2(−2) = 0

⇒ 1 + 2 + y − 4 = 0

⇒ y − 1 = 0

∴ y = +1

So, the neutral phosphorus P4 with oxidation state zero is changed to phosphine with oxidation
state −3 and Sodium hypophosphite with oxidation state +1. So, only the phosphorus is
reduced as well as oxidized.

Therefore, the reaction is a disproportionation reaction.

Sodium hypophosphite is not the final product. It further produces Tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
So, find the oxidation state of phosphorus in Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, say z.

4(+1) + 2(y) + 7(−2) = 0

⇒ 4 + 2y − 14 = 0

⇒ 2y = 10

10
∴ y = = +5
2

The oxidation states of phosphorus in phosphine and the other product are −3 and +5
respectively, and the reaction is a disproportionation reaction.
Question 12 :

Firedamp is flammable gas found in coal mines. It is the name given to a number of flammable
gases, especially coalbed methane. It is particularly found in areas where the coal is
bituminous. The gas accumulates in pockets in the coal and adjacent strata, and when they are
penetrated, the release can trigger explosions.

Question 13 :

Rearrangement of an oxime to an amide in presence of strong acid is called Beckmann

rearrangement.

The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–
1923), is an acid catalyzed rearrangement of an oxime to an amide. The Beckmann
rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann, is a rearrangement of
an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successful
performed on haloimines and nitrones. Cyclic oximes and haloimines yield lactams.

Question 14 :

The process of breaking higher hydrocarbons with high boiling points into a variety of lower
hydrocarbons that are more volatile (low boiling), is called cracking (or pyrolysis). For example,
a higher hydrocarbon C10 H22 splits according to the reaction.

Heat 770 K

C10 H22 ⟶ C8 H18 + C2 H4

The process of cracking or pyrolysis increases the relative amounts of the lower hydrocarbons,
which exists in a gaseous state, while higher hydrocarbons exist in the liquid or solid-state.

Question 15 :

Be2 C and Al4 C3 on reaction with water liberate methane gas while CaC2 gives acetylene
gas. Mg forms MgC2 either when heated directly with carbon in an electric furnace or when
MgO is heated with carbon. When MgC2 is heated, it changes into Mg2 C3 . The carbide,
Mg2 C3 reacts with H2 O to form propyne.

Mg C3 + 4H3 O ⟶ 2Mg(OH)2 + CH3 C ≡ CH

2
Propyne

Question 16 :

When sugars react with an excess of phenylhydrazine, a class of compounds known as

osazone is formed.

Glucose and fructose differ in the arrangement of atoms around the C−1 and C−2 carbon. When
both of them react with three molecules of phenylhydrazine, the formation of osazone crystals
makes the difference between the carbon atoms in their chain and hence they form the same
osazone.

Question 17 :

Treatment of ammonia with excess ethyl chloride will yield aliphatic amines. The nucleophilicity
of ammonia depends upon the lone pair donating ability. With increasing the electron-donating
group, the electron density on nitrogen increases as well as the nucleophilicity.

Now in presence of excess ethyl chloride, the following reaction will happen.

NH3 + C2 H5 Cl → C2 H5 NH2 + C2 H5 Cl → (C2 H5 ) NH + C2 H5 Cl → (C2 H5 ) N

2 3

+ −
(C2 H5 ) N + C2 H5 Cl → (C2 H5 ) N C
3 4

In this reaction due to the addition of ethyl groups, the nucleophilicity of nitrogen increases with
increases in the rate of the next step. Due to this, we get Tetraethyl ammonium chlorides at the
end.

Question 18 :

Transition metals have partially filled d- orbitals so they can easily withdraw the electrons from
the reagents or give electrons to them depending on the nature of the reaction. They also have
a tendency to show the large number of oxidation states and the ability to form complexes
which makes them a good catalyst.

Question 19 :

We have been given a structure to find its IUPAC name. We will determine the name through the
rules of IUPAC. Some of the rules for IUPAC naming of organic compounds are:

The functional group is identified, and named according to the specifications of the functional
group, like, alkanoic acid for the carboxylic acid group, alkanols for alcohols, alkyl alkanoate
foresters, and alkoxy alkane for ethers, etc.

Here in the compound, we have a carbon attached with two oxygen atoms, which means it is an
′
ester with the formula, RCOOR , where R is the alkyl group.
Now the chains are identified in the given compound.

On one side is the ethyl group, while on the other side of the ester is the 3 carbon chain with a
methyl branch.

The name of esters is given as alkyl alkanoate. So, here it will be:

The compound has one ethyl chain so ethyl, and the 3 carbon chain has methyl on carbon- 2, so
it will be 2 methyl propanoate.

Thus, the IUPAC name of the compound is ethyl-2-methyl propanoate.

Question 20 :

A substitution reaction (also known as single displacement reaction or single substitution

reaction) is a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is
replaced by another functional group. Substitution reactions are of prime importance in organic
chemistry. Substitution reactions in organic chemistry are classified either as electrophilic or
nucleophilic depending upon the reagent involved, whether a reactive intermediate involved in
the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical, and whether the substrate is
aliphatic or aromatic.

− −
When m-methoxy bromobenzene reacts with sodium azide, the N H2 ions substitute the Br
ions from the reactant and form m-methoxy aniline. The reaction that takes place here is as
follows:

The product in the reactant is m-methoxy aniline and the reaction takes place through a
substitution reaction.

Question 21 :

From the question, we can write down the following information:

Initial amount [R]0 = 5 g

Final concentration [R] = 3 g

−3
Rate constant = 1.15 × 10
−1
sec

st
We know that for a 1 order reaction,

2.303 [R]0
t = log
k [R]
 2.303 5
or t =
−3
log(
3
)
1.15×10

2.303
= −3
(log 5 − log 3)
1.15×10

2.303
= −3
(0.6990 − 0.4771)
1.15×10

2.303×0.2219
= −3
1.15×10

2.303×0.2219×1000
=
1.15

= 444.38 s

= 444 s (approx)

Hence, the correct answer is 444.

Question 22 :

Given:

The weight of the ethanoic acid (CH3 COOH) = 2.5 gm

The weight of the benzene = 75 gm = 0.075 kg

Now molar weight of the ethanoic acid (CH3 COOH) == 12 + 3 × 1 + 12 + 16 × 2 + 1

= 60

Molar weight of benzene C6 H6 = 6 × 12 + 1 × 6

= 78

From the formula of molality:

moles of solute
Molality =
weight of solvent in kg

Substituting the value of mole of solute and weight of solvent which is ethanoic acid and
2.5
benzene respectively molality = = 0.56 mole/kg
60×0.075

Therefore the molality of the given solutions is 0.56 mole/kg

Hence, the correct answer is 0.56.

Question 23 :

The ideal gas law as we know it is: P V = nRT , where

P is pressure in atm.
V is the volume in litres.

n is the number of moles.

R and T are the universal gas constant and temperature in kelvin respectively.

The ideal gas equation which has density as one of its variable is: P M = dRT

Where M and d are molar mass and the density of the gaseous reactants present, respectively.

To use the above equation we have to find the total molar mass of the reactants and products
present at equilibrium.

It goes as follows:

N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2N O2 (g)

Let the initial concentration of N2 O4 be α, that will make the initial concentration of N O2 be
zero as the reaction has not started yet. It is given that at equilibrium 20% of N2 O4 is
dissociated, which means that the concentration of the reactant will decrease by 20% and that
of the product will increase by 20%. Twenty percent of α is 0.2 α; so the reactant becomes 0.8
and the product becomes 0.4 (as the product has a higher stoichiometric coefficient). The
overall concentration along with the equilibrium is given as follows:

N2 O4 ⇌ 2 NO4

1 0
1 − α 2α

20% N2 O4 dissociated,
∴ α = 0.20

N2 O4 = 1 − α N2 = 2 × 0.20

= 0.80 = 0.40

That makes the total number of moles at equilibrium as 1.2 (adding 0.8 + 0.4 = 1.2)

Using mole fraction we can find the total mass of the mixture at equilibrium. It is as follows:

Total Mass(M ) = χN
2 O4
× MN
2 O4
+ χN O
2
+ MN O
2

0.8 0.4
⇒ M = × 92 + × 46
1.2 1.2

⇒ M = 60.72 + 15.18

⇒ M = 75.9g

Applying the equation for ideal gas law:

PM
d =
RT

Entering the respective values as we have found out above, the above equation becomes:

1×75.9
d =
0.0821×300

atm L ∘
Because P = 760 torr = 1 atm and R = 0.0821 , T = 27 C = 300 K
mol K
∴ d = 3.081 g/L

Hence, the correct answer is 3.081 g/L.

Question 24 :

We know that order of a reaction is the relation between the rate of the reaction and the
concentration of the reactants in it. It tells us how the reaction rate is affected by the
concentration of the involved reactants.

If we have a zero-order reaction, it means that the concentration of the reactants does not
affect the rate of the reaction. Similarly, for a first-order reaction, the concentration of one of the
reactant species affects the reaction rate.

We can determine the order of a reaction from a graph of the initial concentration versus time.

We know that half-life of a species of the time taken by it to reach the half value of its initial
concentration.

Here, the graph of initial concentration versus the half-life of the reaction is given to us and we
have to find the order of the reaction.

The half-life of the reaction is inversely proportional to the initial concentration of the reaction
to the power (1-order of the reaction). Symbolically, we can write this relation as:

1−n
1
t1/2 ∝ ( )
a

If we introduce a proportionality constant, we can write the relation as:

1−n
1
t1/2 = K( )
a

Where, t1/2 is the half-life, 'a' is the initial concentration and n is the order of the reaction.

The graph which is given to us is linear. Therefore, the equation of the graph is y = mx + c

where, 'c' is the intercept, 'm' is the slope and 'x' and 'y' denote the two axes.

In the graph, x -axis is the concentration and y -axis is the half-life and the straight line is at an
∘ ∘
angle of 45 . We know that the slope is given by tan theta. Here, theta is 45 .
∘
Therefore, slope = m = tan θ = tan 45 = 1

1−n
1 n−1
Now, we can the equation t1/2 = K(
a
) as t1/2 = Ka

if we take log on both sides in t1/2 = Ka

n−1
, we will get-

log t1/2 = log K + (1 − n) log a

Now, comparing it with the straight-line equation, we will get that-

1 − n = m

or, 1 − n = 1 i.e., n = 0.
As we can see the order of the reaction is 0 i.e., it is a zero-order reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is 0.

Question 25 :

Let the mass of Ne be a and mass of Ar be b.

So, a + b = 30 ... (i)

Molar mass of Ne = 20 g

Molar mass of Ar = 40 g

So, Moles of Ne+Moles of Ar = Total moles

a b
i.e., 20
+ = n
40

3
Total kinetic energy, K. E. = nRT
2

Here, K. E. = 3 k J = 3000 J

T = 250 K

−1 −1
R = 8.314 J K mol

3 a b
Therefore, 3000 J =
2
(
20
+
40
) × 8.314 × 250

2a + b = 38.48 ....(ii)

From eq. (i) and (ii),

a = 8.48 g and b = 21.52 g

Mass of Ne 8.48
Therefore, Mass % of Ne = × 100 =
30
× 100 = 28.2%
Total mass

Hence, the correct answer is 28.2.