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    Moods & Figures - Notes

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    Moods & Figures - Notes

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    11 views3 pages

    Moods & Figures - Notes

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    official.antariksh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Moods & Figures -

    Notes

    UGC NET Paper 1

    Copyright © 2014-2023 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
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    Concept of Moods & Figures with examples


    Syllogism: An argument consisting of three statements: TWO premises and ONE conclusion.
    Furthermore, we’ll specifically be concerned with what is known as a “categorical syllogism.”
    Mood of Syllogism - The mood of a syllogism can be simply understood as a statement of
    categorical propositions. .It comprises (A, E, I, or O) categorical propositions which are listed in
    the order, in which they appear in standard form. Thus, a syllogism with a mood of EAE has an
    E proposition as its major premise, an A proposition as its minor premise, and another E
    proposition as its conclusion.
    Why is Mood Used?
    This mode helps us in easily arriving at a logical conclusion for any kind of proposition. We just
    need to determine the type of proposition and then remember the mood and this will
    automatically provide you with the correct conclusion.
    Mood, in logic, the classification of categorical syllogisms according to the quantity
    (universal or particular) and quality (affirmative or negative) of their constituent
    propositions. The vowels of these terms represent the forms of propositions in the syllogism.
    As mentioned earlier, there are four types of categorical propositions; universal affirmative (A),
    universal negative (E), particular affirmative (I), and particular negative (O). Since a syllogistic
    argument consists of three categorical propositions, they may occur in any order in the
    arguments. What is more interesting is the fact that the very same type of proposition may
    occur thrice. There is no restriction on the number of occasions on which a particular type of
    proposition occurs in an argument. For example, all three propositions in an argument may be
    A only. Or they may be I only. Briefly said, the mood of a syllogism is simply a combination of
    categorical propositions (A, E, I, or O) which the argument comprises. Suppose that only O
    proposition comprises an argument, then the mood of the argument is said to be OOO.
    Similarly, a syllogistic argument with a mood of OAO has an O proposition as its major
    premise, an A proposition as its minor premise, and another O proposition as its conclusion;
    and EIO has an E as its major premise, and an I as the minor premise, and an O as the
    conclusion.
    Let us consider another example.
    A: All rocks are hard things.
    E: No rocks are liquid.
    I: ∴ Some liquid things are not hard.
    The mood of this argument is AEI. This shows that every letter states symbolically the
    quantity and quality of propositions and every letter occurs in the very same order in which
    the
    propositions occur in the argument. Therefore the order in which the three letters occur
    specifies the mood of the syllogism.

    SUBJECT | UGC NET Paper 1 1 of 2


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    FIGURES OF SYLLOGISM:

    The ‘figure’ of a syllogism is determined by the position of ‘middle term’. We have said that the
    ‘middle term’ appears both in the major and in the minor premises. Therefore its possible
    positions in premises result in four different configurations. A schematic representation is

    preferable to verbal description.

    SUBJECT | UGC NET Paper 1 2 of 2

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