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    Salt Analysis - Full Procedure

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    vidushi2527
    The document describes procedures to identify cations and anions present in an inorganic salt through a series of chemical tests. Various experiments are listed along with expected observations and the ions that could be present based on the results.

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    Salt Analysis - Full Procedure

    Uploaded by

    vidushi2527
    36 views9 pages
    The document describes procedures to identify cations and anions present in an inorganic salt through a series of chemical tests. Various experiments are listed along with expected observations and the ions that could be present based on the results.

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    Salt analysis- Full procedure

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    The document describes procedures to identify cations and anions present in an inorganic salt through a series of chemical tests. Various experiments are listed along with expected observations and the ions that could be present based on the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views9 pages

    Salt Analysis - Full Procedure

    Uploaded by

    vidushi2527
    The document describes procedures to identify cations and anions present in an inorganic salt through a series of chemical tests. Various experiments are listed along with expected observations and the ions that could be present based on the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    SALT ANALYSIS

    AIM: To identify the cation and anion present in the given inorganic salt.
    Experiment Observation Inference
    I. Preliminary tests: Physical examination
    Colour of the salt is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,
    Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+
    Odour of the salt is noted Ammoniacal smell NH4+ may be present
    Vinegar like smell CH3COO- may be present
    Deliquescence Salt absorbs moisture and May be Zn2+ or Mg2+
    becomes like a paste
    II. DRY HEATING TEST
    A pinch of salt is heated in a. No residue May be (NH4)2CO3
    a dry test tube.
    b. Swelling May be Al3+

    c. Sublimation May be Pb2+

    d. Crackling sound -
    with reddish brown May be NO3
    fumes
    e. Black residue
    May be acetate
    III. FLAME TEST
    A little of salt is made into a. Brick red flame Ca2+ is present
    a paste with conc. HCl b. Crimson red flame Sr2+ is present
    with a glass rod and c. Green flame Ba2+ is present
    shown into the flame with d. Dull white flame Pb2+ is present
    a platinum loop

    IV. COBALT NITRATE TEST (ASH TEST)


    A little of salt is mixed a. Blue ash Al3+ is present
    with conc.nitric acid and b. Green ash Zn2+ is present
    cobalt nitrate. A filter c. Pale pink ash Mg2+ is present
    paper dipped in it is burnt
    into ash.

    TESTS FOR ANIONS:


    Experiment Observation Inference
    Dil. H2SO4 test: Brisk effervescence with Presence of carbonate
    To the salt add dil. H2SO4 evolution of colourless, ion, CO32-
    odourless gas , turning
    lime water milky.

    Conc. H2SO4 test: a. Smell of vinegar Acetate is present.


    To the salt add dil. H2SO4 CH3COO-
    and heated gently. b. White fumes
    Chloride is present, Cl-
    c. Brown gas with
    pungent smell Bromide is present,Br-

    Add copper turnings to


    the above test and d. Reddish brown gas Nitrate is present, NO3-
    heated.
    Test for oxalate ion: Pink colour of May be oxalate, C2O42-
    Potassium permanganate KMnO4 disappears
    test-
    Take a pinch of the salt,
    add few drops of Conc.
    H2SO4 , warmed to 500C –
    600C. Add 2-3 drops of
    KMnO4
    Test for acetate ion: Vinegar like smell Acetate is present,
    Oxalic acid test – Take a CH3COO-
    pinch of salt and mix with
    oxalic acid and few drops
    of water
    Test for sulphate- Barium White ppt insoluble in Presence of sulphate,
    chloride test excess of conc.HCl SO42-
    To the salt add BaCl2
    solution
    TESTS FOR CATIONS:( GROUP ANALYSIS)
    CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR CATIONS:
    1. AMMONIUM ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Nessler’s test: Brown precipitate NH4+ is confirmed.

    To the salt add


    NaOH and heated
    and add Nessler’s
    reagent.

    2. LEAD ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Potassium iodide Yellow precipitate Pb2+ is confirmed.


    test:

    To the salt add KI


    solution

    2 Potassium Yellow precipitate Pb2+ is confirmed.


    chromate test:

    To the salt add


    K2CrO4 solution.
    3. ALUMINIUM ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Lake test: Blue precipitate Al3+ is confirmed.

    Group III ppt is


    dissolved in dil
    HCl and add blue
    litmus solution
    followed by
    NH4OH

    4. ZINC ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 To the O.S add White precipitate Zn2+ is confirmed.


    NaOH solution

    2 To the salt add White/Blue precipitate Zn2+ is confirmed


    potassium
    ferrocyanide

    5. CALCIUM ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Ammonium White precipitate Ca2+ is confirmed.


    oxalate:

    To the group V ppt,


    add dil acetic acid
    and ammonium
    oxalate solution.

    6. STRONTIUM ION:
    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Ammonium White precipitate Sr2+ is confirmed.


    sulphate:

    To the O.S add


    ammonium
    sulphate solution.

    7. BARIUM ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Potassium Yellow precipitate Ba2+ is confirmed.


    chromate test:

    To the group V
    ppt, add dil acetic
    acid, heated
    cooled and add
    K2CrO4 solution.

    8. MAGNESIUM ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Magneson Blue precipitate Mg2+ is confirmed.


    reagent test:

    To the O.S add


    Magneson reagent
    CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ANIONS:
    1. CARBONATE ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Lime water test: Lime water turns milky CO32- is confirmed.

    To the salt add dil.


    H2SO4 in a test
    tube and pass the
    gas through lime
    water.

    2. CHLORIDE ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 AgNO3 test: White precipitate Cl - is confirmed.

    To the salt add


    dil.HNO3,
    heated,cooled and
    add AgNO3
    solution

    3. BROMIDE ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 AgNO3 test: Pale yellow precipitate Br - is confirmed.

    To the O.S add dil.


    Nitric acid, heated,
    cooled and add
    AgNO3 solution
    4. NITRATE ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Brown ring test: A brown ring is formed at NO3- is confirmed.


    the junction of two layers
    To the salt add
    freshly prepared
    FeSO4 solution and
    add conc. H2SO4
    through the sides
    of test tube

    5. OXALATE ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Potassoium Pink colour disappears Oxalate ion is


    permangante test: confirmed.

    To the salt add


    Conc.H2SO4 and
    add potassium
    permanganate
    solution

    6. ACETATE ION:

    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 FeCl3 test: Reddish brown precipitate CH3COO- is confirmed.

    To the O.S add


    neutral FeCl3
    solution

    7. SULPHATE ION:
    Sl No Experiment Observation Inference

    1 Lead acetate test: White precipitate SO42- is confirmed.

    To the salt add lead


    acetate solution

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