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4
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D‡VwQ‡jb Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx| Avgv‡`i cix¶v (1954), g‡bi gq~i (1954), M„n QvB K‡i w`j †mB mdjZvi i_! gvÎ 53 eQi
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Rxebhy‡× Rqx n‡Z †M‡j wnsmv‡K cwinvi K‡i Pj‡Z n‡e Ges Zv Zv i‡Y I †cÖ‡g e¨envi nZ| e„nËi mgvRRxe‡b gvbyl wbwðšÍ g‡b
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`vk©wbK-†jLK‡`i weL¨vZ iPbv Zuv‡K Rxe‡b Mov-fvOvi †ÿ‡Î mvnvh¨ fvebvq RvwiZ n‡q Avi GKRb KvwiMi ZLb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b ¯^f~wg
K‡iwQj| cvwievwiK cwigÊjI wQj AbyK~j| wkÿvq-`xÿvq, e`vb¨Zvq, cÖwZôvq e¨¯Í| gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv‡_i KwbôcyÎ ¸iæ‡`e iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi|
ag©PP©vq GKwU AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi †mªvZaviv MvÜxRxi Rxe‡b cÖevwnZ n‡qwQj `yB e¨w³Z¡B c~e© I cwðgx ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Af¨¯Í wKš‘ Rxeb PP©vq cªvPxb
dêyavivi gZ| GKwU cÖPwjZ K_v Av‡Q, MvQ †`L‡j dj †Pbv hvq| AvkªwgK Rxebavivi Av`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ| `yB e¨w³Z¡B cÖwZôvwbK wkÿvi
K_vUv cÖvq mwZ¨| Gi g‡a¨B †Zv weÁv‡bi exR‰ewkó¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q| evB‡i gvbweK wkÿvi cweÎ A½b LuyR‡Z PvB‡jb gvwUi c„w_ex‡Z, cÖK…
ZvQvov wkÿv g‡bvweÁv‡bi ag© Abyhvqx GKRb wkï Zvi cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ wZi Db¥y³ A½‡b| 1935 wLª. †mevMÖv‡g MvÜxRx g~jZ gvby‡li gbb I
†_‡KB Zvi cÖ‡ÿvwfK cÖwZwµqv¸wj iß K‡i| wkï Rxe‡b ivM, Abyf~wZ, wkÿY‡K mymsnZ Kivi cwiKíbv wb‡q Avi GKwU Avkªg cÖwZôv K‡ib|
N„Yv, j¾v, Cl©v, fvjevmv, m¤úªwZ cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i KvQ †_‡KB jvf MvÜxRxi wkÿvfvebvi cÖ_g cÖKvk nwiRb cwÎKvq| Zvi `yÕwU avivÑ 1.
K‡i| we‡kl K‡i wcZv gvZv fvB †ev‡bi AvPiY G‡ÿ‡Î m`_©K f~wgKv bC Zvwjg, 2. †mevMÖvg cÖKí| eywbqv`x wkÿvi †h iƒc‡iLvwU ˆZwi K‡ib
MÖnY K‡i| GB cÖ‡ÿvwfK weKv‡ki m‡½ mvgvwRK weKv‡ki cÖwµqv¸wj Zv MvÜxRxi fveev`x `k©b I AvZ¥-wbf©iZvi Øviv DrmvwnZ| cÖvPxb
ïiæ nq| G GK ¯^Zš¿ weÁvb| MvÜxRxi wcZv Kig MvÜx I gvZv cyZjx fviZxq `k©b Zuv‡K gy» K‡iwQj| cig eªþ kãwU AwZ e¨eüZ| cÖvqB
evC AwZkq mr I avwg©K wQ‡jb| wbðqB MvÜxRxi Rxeb`k©‡b ¯^vfvweK ag©xq PP©vq wd‡i Av‡m| MvÜxRxi Kv‡Q cig eªþ nj Av‡Z¥vcjwä|
wbq‡gB wcZvÑgvZvi h‡_ó f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| Av‡M wb‡R‡K Rvb| c‡i wek¦‡K Rvb‡e| Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q MvÜxRxi cÖv_©bv

6
wQjÑ ÔAvwg ivR¨ PvB bv, ¯^M© PvB bv, †gvÿI m¤¢e bq| MvÜxRx Avgv‡`i wkÿK wn‡m‡e ivLvi K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| GB wkÿvq wkÿK I
PvB bv, Avwg PvB `y`©kvMÖ¯Í gvby‡li `ytL hš¿Yvi MwYZ, mgvRweÁvb, cÖK…wZwe`¨v, Rxewe`¨v, wkÿv_©x Df‡qB mwµq I Abye‡Üi bxwZ‡Z
Aemvb|Õ GLv‡b wZwb mvaviY gvby‡li E‡aŸ© †mŠiweÁvb, MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi weKvk, Av¯’vkxj _vK‡e| MÖvg n‡e g~j †K›`ª| KvR
wePiY K‡i‡Qb| Dcwbl`xq G †cÖiYv Zuv‡K kvixiwe`¨vi Ici we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| n‡e Drcv`bkxjZv| `vwi`ª `~ixKi‡Y civaxb
mvivRxeb gvbwmK kw³ RywM‡qwQj| mZ¨vMÖn ¯^-wbf©iZvi jÿ¨ hv‡Z MÖv‡gi Z…Yg~j ¯Í‡ii fviZe‡l© ¯^-wbf©i A_©bxwZi myjyKmÜvb Zuvi
I AvZ¥wbMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g cÖwZcÿ‡K Rq Kivi gvby‡li g‡a¨ †cuŠ‡Q hvq ZvB Ôn¯Íwk‡íiÕ wkÿv e¨e¯’v‡ZB cÖ_g cvIqv hvq| ZvB wZwb
†h gnvb kw³ wZwb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wZwb mvwe©K cÖmvi NUv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| †mB mg‡qi Avgv‡`i cÖK…Z RvZxq wkÿK| ÔfviZ Qv‡ov
Zuvi wkÿvfvebvi Kv‡R jvMv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| fviZe‡l© GB n¯Íwkí fvebvi weKvk NUv‡bv Av‡›`vj‡bÕi †kl w`‡K wZwb eywbqv`x wkÿv‡K
wZwb Rvb‡ZbÑ ‘By education I mean AZ¨šÍ Riæwi wQj| ZvB wZwbB Avgv‡`i cÖ_g AviI Z¡ivwš^Z K‡ib| G wkÿvi PviwU ¯ÍiÑ
an allround drawing out of the best RvZxq wkÿK| †Kb bv fviZe‡l© cieZ©xKv‡j 1. cÖvK-eywbqv`x: mvZ eQ‡ii Kg eq‡mi
in child and man-body, mind and †h wkÿv e¨e¯’v AbymiY Kiv nq Zv nj wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨, 2. eywbqv`x wkÿv: 7-14 eQi
spirit’Ñ gvby‡li g‡a¨ jywK‡q _vKv mr- we‡`kx| eq‡mi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ 3. DËieywbqv`x: 14+
m¤¢vebv¸wji weKvk KivB wQj Zvi wkÿvi Formal EducationÑGi fvebvwUB eq‡mi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨, 4. cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i
g~jgš¿| Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K AvMZ| Bsj¨vÛÑAv‡gwiKvi wkÿv: †Kvb eqtmxgv †bB|
GB Z‡Ë¡ we‡eKvb›`I wek¦vmx wQ‡jb; wkÿvweÁvbxivB mviv c„w_ex‡K AvaywbK wkÿvi me‡k‡l ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, wkÿvi g~j
MvÜxRx gvbeKj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K MwZwewa wPwb‡q‡Qb| mg„× K‡i‡Qb gvbweK jÿ¨‡K A_©bxwZ I †`kxq Dbœq‡bi m‡½ mshy³
kw³i weKv‡ki w`‡K †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| Kivi fvebv BwZc~‡e© †Kvb wkÿvwe` fv‡ebwb|
Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³ RvMÖZ bv n‡j gvbwmK kw³ wewÿßfv‡e †Kvb cÖqvm _vK‡ZB cv‡i|
ˆZwi nq bv| ZvB wZwb wkÿvi cÖv‡qvwMK jÿ¨ wKš‘ ZË¡MZ Ávb AvniY‡KB Avgiv GLbI
wn‡m‡eÑ 1. kª‡gi gh©v`v‡eva, 2. PvwiwÎK `„pZv wkÿvi g~jwfwË e‡j g‡b Kwi| MvÜxRx wKš‘
I AvZ¥mshg‡eva, 3. e¨w³ Dbœqb I mgvR mwZ¨Kv‡ii m„Rbkxj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡gB wkÿvi
Dbœq‡bi w`‡K me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mB mv_©KZv Abyfe Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| eywbqv`x
mgq Avgv‡`i civaxb fvi‡Z kªgwegyL gvby‡li wkÿvi gva¨‡g wkí m‡PZbZv M‡o †ZvjvB
msL¨v wQj †ewk| ZvB wZwb kªg (ˆ`wnK I wQj Zuvi wkÿvfvebvi Avw` I AšÍ| wkÿv
gvbwmK)-gyLx nIqvi K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| †h Drcv`bgyLx n‡Z cv‡iÑ GB fvebvwUB
PvwiwÎK `„pZv I AvZ¥mshg‡eva hw` Zuv‡K AvRI cÖvmw½K K‡i †i‡L‡Q| AvR‡Ki
†Kvb gvby‡li bv _v‡K Zvn‡j †m KLbB fvi‡Zi bqv wkÿv_©x ev AwffveKiv GB
wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv GUv wZwb hvwš¿K wkÿv I wk‡íi w`‡K ev¯ÍweK Kvi‡YB
†evSv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| e¨w³ Dbœq‡bi g‡a¨B Szu‡K c‡o‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î cw_K…r †mB gnvZ¥v
†h i‡q‡Q mgvR Dbœq‡bi PvweKvwV GUvB wQj MvÜxB|
Zuvi h_vh_ Dcjwä| wkÿvi h_v_© weKv‡k wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, AvaywbK wkÿvi
e¨w³Zvwš¿K I mgvRZvwš¿K fvebvi g‡a¨ meiKg Dcv`vb MvÜxRxi wkÿvfvebvq
mgš^q mva‡bi K_v AvaywbK wkÿvwe`iv _vK‡jI miKvwi `„wóf½x I iƒcvq‡Yi
e‡j‡Qb| MvÜxRx GB Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb A`ÿZvq Zv mviv‡`‡k we‡kl †Kvb cÖfve
cÖvi‡¤¢B| gvZ…fvlv Qvov †h wkÿv m¤ú~Y© nq bv †dj‡Z cv‡iwb| fviZxq ms¯‹…wZi mgš^‡q †h
Zv wZwb Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| ivmwK‡bi ¯^‡`kxq wkÿve¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e Zv Avi
†jLv Unto the Last MÖš’wU wZwb ¸RivwZ GKRb gbxlx Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb n‡jb
fvlvq Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb (1908)| Zuvi wek¦fviZxi cÖwZôvZv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| GKwU
AvZ¥RxebxI ¸RivwZ fvlvq †jLv| c‡i ¯^Zš¿ wkÿv cÖwZôvb wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z
wkÿvi Rb¨ †h mve©Rbxb cvV¨µg iPbv Kiv wek¦ew›`Z wkÿvqZbiƒ‡c M‡o cieZ©x ch©v‡q
n‡qwQj (W. RvwKi †nv‡m‡bi †bZ…Z¡) Zv wkÿvi cÖ‡ÿvwfK I †eŠw×K w`K¸wj‡K| Zvi miKvwi AbyK~j¨jvf wbtm‡›`‡n eo NUbv
MvÜxRxi wkÿvfvebv‡KB cwiùzwUZ K‡iwQj| MvÜxRx wKš‘ e¯‘Zvwš¿K j‡ÿ¨i w`‡K †ewk ¸iæZ¡ | MvÜxRx †m my‡hvM cvbwb| ZeyI Ebwesk
Zuvi G cwiKíbvi †cvkvwK bvg nq ÔIqva©v w`‡Z Pvbwb| †Kbbv Zuvi wkÿvi †K›`ªf~wg‡Z kZ‡K fviZxq wkÿvi ÁvbcÖ`xc cÖ¾¡j‡bi
cwiKíbvÕ| eywbqv`x wkÿvB wQj G cwiKíbvi wkÿv_©x I AwffveK `yÕR‡bB wQ‡jb| A_©vr cÖ_g K…wZZ¡ gnvZ¥v MvÜxiB †Kb bv wZwbB
g~j jÿ¨| wcZv-cyÎ, gvZv-Kb¨v Df‡qB hw` ¯^-wkwÿZ cÖ_g Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jbÑYou have to
MvÜxRx Zuvi wkÿv cwiKíbvq `yÕwU nq Zvn‡j AbyK~j mgvRe¨e¯’v mn‡RB M‡o draw out all that is in the child
g~j bxwZ AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb 1. Abye‡Üi DV‡Z cv‡i| ZvB MvÜxRx †h Ôm‡e©v`q mgvRÕ through teaching all the processes
bxwZ, 2. mwµqZvi bxwZ| G bxwZ `yÕwUB M‡o Zzj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zv wQj Avm‡j mZ¨ of the HANDICRAFT and all your
wQj g‡bv‰eÁvwbK wfwËi Ici cÖwZwôZ| I Awnsmvi Ici cÖwZwôZ cÖK…Z gvbeKj¨v‡Yi lessons in HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY
cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© (Ávb I cª‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î) bv mgvR| MvÜxRx GB e¨e¯’v‡KB ÔivgivR¨Õ and ARITHMETIC will be related to
_vK‡j †hgb wkÿY m¤ú~Y© nq bv wVK †ZgbB e‡j‡Qb| CRAFT.
wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ hw` AvZ¥ÑmwµqZv A_©vr wbR ÔivgivR¨Õ A‡_© GK mr I mnbkxj
Ávb AR©‡bi Pvwn`v bv _v‡K Zvn‡j wkÿv mgvR e¨e¯’vцhLv‡b gvbyl †Kvb AKj¨vYKi mybxj AvPvh© cwðge‡½i Kwe, cÖvewÜK
wbw®Œq n‡q co‡Z eva¨ nq| we‡kl K‡i Zuvi KvR Ki‡Z gvbwmK mg_©b cv‡e bv| eywbqv`x Z_¨FY :
†gŠwjK wkÿv bxwZ (myZvKvUv, Kvco †evbv, wkÿvi cÖvmw½KZv GLv‡bB †h, Zv †`k ev 1. wkÿvi `vk©wbK ˆeÁvwbK wfwËÑ Aa¨vcK
KvV I Pvgovi KvR, K…wl KvR, wkÿv fvebv RvwZi eywbqv` MV‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb mykxj ivq| †mvg eyKG‡RwÝ, KjKvZv
hy³ ¯’vbxq Drcv`bg~jK KvR, msMxZ I A¼b K‡i| eywbqv`x wkÿvq MvÜxRx 3H ZË¡ 2. D”Pgva¨wgK wkÿv weÁvbÑ W. b~iæj
(Pviæwkí) BZ¨vw` AbyeÜ I mwµqZv Qvov A_©vr gv_v, nvZ I ü`q‡K GKm‡½ mPj Bmjvg| kªxai cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv

7
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w`‡b Zv‡i ejv hvq, Ggb Nb‡Nvi ewilvq|Õ Zv Agb elv©i AvMg‡b Zv‡K
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Kíbvi †cÖqmx‡K,
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Òwiwg wSg wiwg wSg ÿxY KwUZ‡U Mvuw_ j‡q c‡iv Kiex,
H bvwgj †`qv| K`¤^‡iYy weQvBqv `vI kq‡b,
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gv †Zvgvi †nwiby cjøx-RbbxÕ †`kvZ¥‡evaK Mv‡b| †mB †Kqv cÖùzwUZ nq
elv©q| elv©q hLb Avuavi Nwb‡q Av‡m, †gN evRvq W¤^iæ ZLb we`xY© nq
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I‡V ZLb †Zv NÖv‡Yw›`ªqB GKgvÎ fimv| `k©biwnZ †cÖgv¯ú`‡K ZLb

8
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†evaKwi GgbB cwi‡e‡k iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Kiv‡Zi gZ aviv‡jv Ges m~uPv‡jv `vuZ| †K‡U esk we¯Ívi Kiv hvq| XvKvq ejav
Zvi weL¨vZ GB MvbwU, dzjwUI eo, †gvPvi gZ †`L‡Z| †dv‡U Mv‡W©b, igbv cvK©, †evUvwbK Mv‡W©b, h‡kvi
ÔQvqv NbvB‡Q e‡b e‡b, MM‡b MM‡b Wv‡K elv©q, Zv ejvB evûj¨| Mfxi I gv`KZvc~Y© wkÿv †ev‡W© †Kqv mh‡Zœ jvwjZ| 10-15 dzU
†`qv| †Kqv `yÕiK‡giÑ †k¦Z Ges †mvbvjx| AvKv‡i DuPz nq MvQ| cyi‡bv Mv‡Q KvÊ †_‡K e‡Ui
K‡e beNb-ewil‡Y †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b Gwj e„nr †k¦Z †KZKx cyiæl, Avi ÿz`ª, myMÜZi gZ Szwi †ei nq| KvÊ k³ I †MvjvKvi|
†Kqv \Õ I my›`iZi †mvbvjx †KZKx bvix| cyiæl dzj dj 7-8 Bw j¤^v, iO Kgjv, cxZ I a~mi|
AÜKv‡i c~e nvIqv‡Z †f‡m G‡m myevm †_‡KB ˆZwi nq myMÜx †KIov Rj| †KZK, GKm‡½ 15-20wU dj nq| dj Lye k³
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cÖLi MÖx‡®§i Kvj †_‡KB elv©M‡gi A‡cÿvq wnw›`‡Z †KIov, gvivwV‡Z †KZKx, †KIov, nq| MÖv‡g Zv‡K †Kqv-KuvVvj e‡j|
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Avlv‡pi †Lqv‡ji †Kvb †Lqv \Õ odoratissimus. cÖ_g m‡M©B D‡jøL cvIqv hvq †KZKxi,
Avov‡j Avov‡j †`qv-†bqvÑ Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv, A‡÷ªwjqv I cÖkvšÍ Ôelv©q weinx‡`i ü`‡q †h wcÖ‡qi wein G‡m
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†mB gayMÜfiv †KZKx cy®ú fxZ mš¿¯Í bvixi †cŠivwYKKvj †_‡KB myMÜx †Kqvdzj biæYvK…wZ gyLÕ|
gZ KÈKvKxY© `xN© NbcÎivwRi Avov‡j fviZxq‡`i cwiwPZ| Dfq e‡½ †Kqv †cŠivwYK Kvwnbx‡Z hvB _vK, wejvmxi
jywK‡q †_‡K †hb wb‡Ri m¤£g iÿv K‡i| R‡b¥| mgZ‡ji †Kqv D”P ce©‡ZI †dv‡U| evMv‡b Zvi ¯’vb †nvK ev bv †nvK, AvaywbK
Mfxi I gv`KZvc~Y© †Kqvi M‡Ü cvMj n‡q ¯‹›`cyiv‡Y gv‡nk¦i L‡Ê †Kqvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| KweKz‡ji wcÖq dzj †Kqv| iex›`ªbv_,
Qz‡U Av‡m ågiKzj| wKš‘ †Kqv dz‡j gay †bB, wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡k Fwlcjøxi cvk w`‡q bRiæ‡ji AmsL¨ Mv‡b I KweZvq †Kqvi
Av‡Q KuvUvq fiv j¤^v cvZvi ivwk| dz‡ji Mf© bMœ‡`‡n ågYiZ wk‡ei iƒ‡c gy» KvgvZziv mcÖksm D‡jøL cvB| iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔQvqv
civ‡M fiv, Zv‡Z gay †bB, †fvgiv civ‡Mi FwlcZœxMY wke‡K AbymiY KiwQ‡jb| NbvB‡Q e‡b e‡b, MM‡b MM‡b Wv‡K †`qvÕ
†jv‡f Qz‡U G‡m Zv‡Z gvLvgvwL K‡i †Pv‡Li Zv †`‡L FwlMY ci¯¿x Acni‡Yi `v‡q Mv‡b †Kqv wei‡ni Abyl½ bq, eis wgj‡bi
`„wó Av”Qbœ K‡i| iƒcgy» cyiæl cZ½I wk‡ei wj½ L‡m covi Awfkvc †`b| eªþv myi †mLv‡b ¯úó| beNb elv©q Kwe †hb
Suvwc‡q c‡o ¸Ynxb bvixi Dci, cwiYv‡g I weòz Df‡q ¯^M© I cvZvj Luy‡RI öwjZ wcÖqvi cÖZxKx Qwe Kíbv K‡ib †Kqv dz‡ji
bvixi Kv‡Q cvq m‡¤¢v‡Mi R¡vjv, wkewj‡½i †`Lv †c‡jb bv| e¨_©Zv jyKv‡Z g‡a¨| cÂ`kx ZiæYx hLb †hŠebvM‡g _i_i
Ô†h gay ü`‡q wQj gvLv KvuUv‡Z Kx f‡q eªþv †KZKx‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡jb †m †hb eÿ ZLb iex›`ªbv_ MvB‡Qb,
w`wj XvKv| e‡j, wkewj‡½i DaŸ©fv‡Mi †`Lv †c‡q‡Qb ÔcÖ_g Avlv‡pi †KZKx †mŠif Ze wb`ªv‡Z\
eywS Gwj hvi Awfmv‡i g‡b g‡b †`Lv nj eªþv| †`eZv‡`i cvi¯úwiK †ilv‡iwli dj †hb AiY¨gg©i
Zv‡i,Õ nj GB †h, PZzi weòzi †Rivi gy‡L aiv c‡o ¸Äwi D‡V Ze e‡ÿ _i_i|Õ
dz‡ji gZB †KqvcvZv wb‡qI Kve¨ K‡i‡Qb †Mj †KZKx| wg_¨v ej‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ Kivi Avi †Kqvi wbh©vm w`‡q ˆZwi myevwmZ †KIov
iex›`ªbv_| ÔQzwUi w`‡bÕ KweZvq QzwUi w`‡bi Rb¨ Fwliv eªþv‡K Awfkvc w`‡jb, †h gy‡L Rj †`qv m‡›`k Kvi bv wcÖq? †KIovR‡j
Avb‡›` †KqvcvZvi †bŠKv ˆZwi K‡i †Kvb wZwb (eªþv) wg_¨v e‡j‡Qb †m gy‡Li c~Rv myevwmZ Lv`¨m¤¢vi imbv Z…ß KiZ
wK‡kvigb, n‡e bv| Avi wg_¨vPv‡ii Rb¨ myMÜx †KZKx †fvRbwejvmx‡`iÑ µ‡gB Zv cwiYZ n‡”Q
Ô†KqvcvZvq †bŠKv Mwo mvwR‡q †`e dz‡j, wkec~Rvq wbwl× nj| ZvB wK GZ myevm †h †Kej ¯§„wZ‡Z|
Zvj`xwN‡Z fvwm‡q †`e Pj‡e `y‡j `y‡j|Õ dz‡j †mB †KZKx e‡b R½‡j eo Abv`‡i
R‡b¥, wejvmxi evMv‡b VuvB †bB Zvi? Avwgiæj Avjg Lvb wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK

9
we‡eKvb›` †e`všÍ I mywdev`
W. †nv ‡m by i i n gv b
“Unto you your religion, and unto me my religion.” n‡e| Z‡eB a‡g©i wek¦iƒc Awfe¨³ n‡e| gvbyl gyw³ cv‡e| GB
ÑThe Koran. cÖ_g cwðg c„w_exi gvbyl a‡g©i mgvRZvwš¿K we‡kølY ïb‡Z †cj|
“I was hidden treasure, and I desired to be known, gvbyl eyS‡Z cvij h_v_© ag© gvbyl‡K k„•LwjZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡K
therefore I created the creation in order that I might wek¦‡PZbvi Hk¦‡h© cwic~Y©Zvi ¯^v` w`‡Z cv‡i| ga¨hy‡Mi fviZxq
be known.” ÑThe Koran. Rxebmvabv ¯^vgxRx‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk| bvbK Kwei ˆPZb¨
“We want to lead mankind to the place where there is †h AvPviÑwePvik~b¨ gvbeZ‡š¿i ¯^iƒc‡K cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb ZviB GK
neither the Vedas, the Bible, and the Koran; Yet this has ev¯Íe gvbweK g~j¨‡eva‡K we‡eKvb›` we‡k¦i `iev‡i †ck Ki‡jb|
to be done by harmonizing the Vedas, the Bible, and Avgiv mPwKZ njvg| ab¨ njvg| mn‡R †evSv †Mj a‡g©i mnR mij
the Koran. Mankind ought to be taught that religions mvejxj gvbemZ¨ Kx n‡Z cv‡i| †mB mZ¨B nj wek¦Rbxb ag©| GB
are but the varied expressions of the RELIGION wek¦RbxbZv †h KZ `y‡e©va¨, KZ `y®cÖvc¨, KZ AMg¨ Zv we‡eKvb›`
which is Oneness, so that each may choose the path nv‡o nv‡o ey‡SwQ‡jb| Zvi cÖgvY Zuvi gyL †_‡K: mve©‡fŠg a‡g©i
that suits him best.”ÑSwami Vivekananda, Letter Av`k© ewj‡Z Z‡e Avwg wK eywS? Avwg Ggb †Kvb mve©‡fŠg `vk©wbK
written to Mohammed Sarfaraz Hussain, 10 June ZË¡, †Kvb mve©‡fŠg †cŠivwYK ZË¡, A_ev †Kvb mve©‡fŠg AvPvi-
1898. c×wZi K_v ewj‡ZwQ bv hvnv mK‡jB gvwbqv P‡j| KviY Avwg
¯^‡`k, mf¨Zv I BwZnv‡mi wePvi ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb Rvwb †h bvbv cv‡K P‡µ MwVZ, AwZ RwUj I AwZ we¯§qven GB
w¯’i ˆe`vwšÍK mbœ¨vmxi ¯^ag© cvjb K‡i| IB m‡½ AvMvgxKv‡ji RMr-iƒc `y‡e©va¨ I wekvj hš¿wU eivei GBfv‡e Pwj‡Z _vwK‡e|
fviZe‡l©i Pjgvb Rxeb I wewgkª ms¯‹…wZi w`‡KI Zvi `„wó wQj Avgiv Z‡e wK Kwi‡Z cvwi? Avgiv Bnv‡K myPviæiƒ‡c Pwj‡Z mvnvh¨
cÖLi| wn›`yag© cÖPv‡ii A_© wQj Zuvi Kv‡Q hy³ ms¯‹…wZi Awfe¨w³| Kwi‡Z cvwi| Bnvi Nl©Y KgvB‡Z cvwi, Bnvi Pµ¸wj ˆZjwm³ I
ag©‡K mgvR I ms¯‹…wZi †cÖÿvc‡U ¯’vcb Kivi cÖ_g cÖ¯Íve ¯^vgxRxB gm„Y ivwL‡Z cvwi| wKiƒ‡c? ˆel‡g¨i ¯^vfvweK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ¯^xKvi
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| wkKv‡Mv ag© gnvm‡¤§j‡b wZwb ¯úó K‡i ej‡Z Kwiqv| Avgvw`M‡K Avgv‡`i ¯^fveekZB †hgb GKZ¡ ¯^xKvi Kwi‡Z
cvi‡jb a‡g©i ¶z`ª cÖvKvi fvO‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li m‡½ gvbyl‡K hy³ nq, †mBiƒc ˆelg¨I Aek¨ ¯^xKvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Avgvw`M‡K wkÿv
Ki‡Z n‡e| ag©‡K RvZxqZvev‡`i weavb I kvmb †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z Kwi‡Z nB‡e †h, GKB mZ¨ jÿfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nB‡Z cv‡i, Ges

10
cÖ‡Z¨K fvewUB wbw`©ó mxgvi g‡a¨ h_v_©| ch©v‡q †cŠ‡Q †M‡j (Ges hv hv‡”QB) GB ag©‡ev‡a Avgiv hLb AwaKvi jvf
Avgvw`M‡K wkÿv Kwi‡Z nB‡e †Kvb welq‡K e¨e¯’vUvB _vK‡e, g‡i hv‡e gvbyl| gvbyl Kwi ZLb we‡eKvb‡›`i †e`všÍ Avgv‡`i
kZ cÖKvi wewfbœ w`K nB‡Z †`Lv P‡j, A_P euvP‡e Zvi ¯^Ztù~Z©Zv, m‡PZbZv, ¯^vaxbZv Rxe‡b ¯^ZtcÖKvwkZ| ZvB‡Z Avgiv GZ
e¯‘wU GKB _v‡K (¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i evYx wb‡q| GB †h gvbyl I Zvi Rxebjxjv G GK mg„×, GZ gy³, GZ wØRZ¡ cÖvß| GB
I iPbv, Z…Zxq LÊ, c„. 114-5)| GB n‡”Q wewPÎ m¤ú` GB gvbe emyÜivi| G‡Z hw` gbyl¨-c„w_exUv‡K iÿv Kivi cÖ¯Íve AvR
Zzjbvg~jK ag©ZË¡ wkÿvi cÖ_g D”PvwiZ †Kvbw`b Uvb c‡o, GB gvbyl hw` †Kvbw`b w`‡K w`‡K D”PvwiZ n‡”Q| ejv n‡”Q,
DrK…óZg f~wgKv| RM‡Zi GB FZzi½kvjvi ˆewPΨ †_‡K mnR n‡q AvmyK G Rxeb, my›`i †nvK
Mfxi KvÊÁvb, ¯^vfvweK-A¯^vfvweK ewÂZ nq Zvn‡j Avi G RM‡Zi Kx _vKj? GB k¨vgjx c„w_ex, gvbyl eÜbgy³ †nvK|
gvbee„wËi cÖwZ A‡kl †SuvK Ges Ôeû‡Z¡i hZ w`b hv‡”Q †evSv hv‡”Q gvbyl mgZ‡U †Kej wkÿv, †Kej ¯^v¯’¨, †Kej weÁvb,
g‡a¨ GKZ¡‡K mÜvb KivB fviZxq HwZ‡n¨i e‡m mgvbvwaKvi PvB‡e wKš‘ AbyiƒcZv mn¨ c„w_ex‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| G me wKQz
ˆewkó¨ÕÑ GB K_vwU ev¯Íeag© I fveev`x Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| PvIqvi Av‡M c„w_ex bvgK MÖn‡K iÿv Kiv
we‡eKvb›` GZ my›`i Ges ewjô K‡i ej‡Z GKw`b gvbyl wb‡Ri K_v wb‡q e¨¯Í PvB| AvR‡Ki mgvRweÁvbxi fvlvq: We
†c‡iwQ‡jb| Ges GB cv_©K¨ †_‡KB wZwb wQj| †m w`b wQj Avw`gZvi RxebmÜvb: Avwg typically go to great lengths to
wek¦åvZ…Z¡‡K ey‡S‡Qb| Gevi ¯^vgxRx Zuvi ebvg wek¦| AvaywbK gvby‡li cÖv_©bv: GKvKx provide for our children, investing
Kvh©c×wZ cÖm‡½ ej‡Qb: Avgvi Kvh©cÖYvjx Mvq‡Ki b‡n †Zv Mvb! AvR gvby‡li HKZvb heavily in education and health
wK? gvbeRvwZ‡K Avwg cÖ_‡gB GB bxwZwU †_‡K GKwUgvÎ AvZ©bv` (wKsev msKí) †kvbv care. How much are we willing
gvwbqv jB‡Z Aby‡iva KwiÑ ÔwKQz bó hv‡”Q: iÿv Ki GB bi‡jvK‡K| †mw`b cÖLi to invest in a habitable planet for
KwiI bvÕ| aŸsmev`x ms¯‹viKMY RM‡Zi eyw×, ARi cÖwZfv, A‡kl ü`q‡eva w`‡q them? At issue is whether we are
†Kvb DcKviB Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kvb wKQz we‡eKvb›` G me RwUj welq †hb cÖZ¨ÿ collectively ready to make the
G‡Kev‡i fvwOI bv| G‡Kev‡i a~wjmvr KwiI K‡iwQ‡jb| ey‡SwQ‡jb †hgb AvR Avgiv effort, to undertake the struggle
bv, eis MVb Ki| hw` cvi mvnvh¨ Ki, hw` eyS‡Z eva¨ nw”Q: c„w_exi mgm¨v c„w_ex‡K that is needed to bring a new world
bv cvi, nvZ ¸UvBqv Pzc Kwiqv `uvovBqv _ iÿv Kiv, †mB iÿvKv‡R cwi‡ek`~lYgy³ into being. As advertisers are fond
vK, Ges †hgb Pwj‡Z‡Q Pwj‡Z `vI| hw` c„w_ex, ms¯‹vigy³ c„w_ex wkÿvcÖvß c„w_ex, of saying, this is a “limited time
mvnvh¨ bv Kwi‡Z cvi, Awbó KwiI bv| RbùxwZn«vmcÖvß c„w_ex Kvg¨, Av`‡k©i m‡½ offer”. It will soon expire. GB bZzb
wØZxqZ †h †hLv‡b Zvnv‡K †mLvb nB‡Z Av`‡k©i Ø›Ø Kvg¨ bq| Mfxi KvÊÁvb, c„w_ex iPbvi msKí K‡iwQ‡jb we‡eKvb›`|
Dc‡i Zzwjevi †Póv Ki| hw` BnvB mZ¨ ev¯Íe wePvieyw×, cÖLb gvbem¤úK©, fviZxq AvR GK‡kv eQi ci GB “offer” Av‡iv
nq †h, fMevbB mKj a‡g©i †K›`ª¯^iƒc Ges HwZn¨ I mf¨Zvi ˆewkó¨| Gme Abykvmb n«¯^Zi n‡q G‡m‡Q| mgq bó Kivi ÔmgqÕ
Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †hb GKwU e„‡Ëi wewfbœ we‡eKvb‡›`i Rxeb`k©b| GB Rxeb`k©b †bB| GB cÖ_g c„w_ex‡Z Avgiv mevB
e¨vmva© w`qv †mB †K‡›`ªiB w`‡K AMÖmi AvR c„w_ex‡K m‡PZb K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| huviv G GKwUgvÎ welq wbe©vPb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ: GB
nB‡ZwQ, Zvnv nB‡j Avgiv mK‡j wbðqB RM‡Zi QÎcwZ, Zuviv AvR gy³K‡É ej‡Z gvby‡li c„w_ex‡K iÿv Kiv PvB| G KvR
†K‡›`ª †cŠwQe Ges †hцK‡›`ª mKj e¨vmva© cvi‡Qb: RMrUv †QvU n‡q Avm‡Q, Avgiv Kivi Rb¨ gy³avivi Drm PvB| be be
wgwjZ nq, †mB †K‡›`ª †cŠwQqv Avgv‡`i `ªæZ evm KiwQ GKwU µg¶z`ªvqZb c„w_ex Rxe‡bi mÜvb PvB| †e`všÍ‡K ‘Voice of
mKj ˆelg¨ wZ‡ivwnZ nB‡e| wKš‘ †h ch©šÍ bvgK MÖv‡g| Avgiv G me Dcjwä KweZv Freedom’ ejv n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li me‡P‡q
bv †mLv‡b †cŠQvB, †m ch©šÍ ˆelg¨ Aek¨B †_‡K AR©b Kwiwb, Rxe‡bi wecbœZv †_‡K eo ˆ`b¨ Zvi eÜb`kv| mKj †f`eyw× †_‡K
_vwK‡e| GB mKj e¨vmva©B †K‡›`ª mw¤§wjZ K‡iwQ| A‡bK †fvM¨cY¨ev` PP©v K‡i, gy³ n‡Z cviv, Aeyw× †_‡K eywׇZ hvÎv Kiv,
nq| (evYx I iPbv, c„t 177) mv¤cÖ`vwqK ag©vPvi K‡i, †bkb †÷U K‡i, hyw³‡Z Rxeb‡K Af¨¯Í Ki‡Z cviv gvby‡li
we‡eKvb›` †Kvb mnR cš’vq wKsev A¯¿-evRvi K‡i GB wm×v‡šÍ G‡mwQ †h, GKvšÍ msKí| GB Zvi Rb¥MZ ¯^vaxbZv|
c×wZ‡Z gvbe‰gÎx AwR©Z n‡e Ggb K_v RvZxq mve©‡fŠgZ¡ AvR wØZxq mvwi‡Z P‡j GB hyw³cš’x gvbyl me wek¦vm, me HwZn¨,
†Kvbw`b ej‡Z Pvbwb| eis ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, hv‡”Q, cÖ_g mvwi‡Z D‡V Avm‡Q ozone me Abykvmb‡K MÖnY K‡i, PP©v K‡i Ges
A‡bK K‡óB †Kó‡K GRxe‡b †c‡Z nq| depletion Ges oceanic pollution, †kl ch©šÍ †Kvb GKwU wek¦v‡mi Øviv h‡_ó
Ges `vwe K‡i‡Qb, †c‡ZB n‡e| KviY GB A_©vr mgm¨v ecology-i, ideology-i mg„ׇeva K‡i bv| gvbyl hZ DbœZgvM©x n‡e
cvIqvi g‡a¨B gbyl¨RvwZi mg~n g½j| bq| mgm¨vUv gvby‡li Abœmgm¨v, ag©mgm¨v ZZB Zv‡K eûZ¡ev`x n‡Z n‡e| ms¯‹…wZi
Ab¨_vq aŸsm Awbevh©| GLv‡b Avi GKwU bq| mgm¨vUv AvR‡Ki fvlvq, fvj gw›`i, ag©B ZvB| mgvR I mvwnZ¨ GB ¯^fve‡K
wRwbm we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GB gvbe‰gÎxi gmwR`, wMR©v ˆZwi Kiv bq| mgm¨vUv Av‡iv ¯^xKvi K‡i P‡j| wbgœMvgx ms¯‹…wZ `vwe K‡i
evYx cÖPvi Kivi mgq mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ Zuvi †ewk ˆPZb¨, Av‡iv †ewk Z¨vM, Av‡iv †ewk Zvi AÜ K~c mvM‡ii †P‡q eo| A_©vr Avwg
`„wó‡Z wQj, fviZel© bq| 1893 mv‡j GKwU hv‡K Rvwb bv Zv‡K eyS‡Z cvivi Zvi; ebvg wek¦| GB n‡”Q Avw`g gvby‡li msKí|
civaxb †`‡ki mbœ¨vmx Ggb K‡i wek¦‡PZbvq cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj n‡Z cvivi| mnvbyf~wZ GLv‡b fq Av‡Q, wnsmv Av‡Q, wbivcËvi
¯^ZtcÖe„Ë n‡Z cv‡ib! GUvB †Zv cigvðh© A‡a©KUv Acicÿ‡K eyS‡Z cviv, A‡a©KUv Afve Av‡Q| Avi DbœZgvM©x‡K ej‡Z nq
NUbv| GB NUbv D`NvUb Ki‡jB †`Lv hv‡e wb‡Ri †PZbv‡K RvMÖZ Kiv| GB `yB‡qi Avgvi Kve¨ mvwnZ¨ ag© G me wKQzi Z~j¨
†mKv‡ji Ges GKv‡ji AvbyôvwbK ag©vbyôvb, ms‡hvM¯’‡j `uvwo‡q we‡eKvb›` †e`všÍ‡K g~j¨ wePvi PvB| Z‡eB †Zv G me wKQzi
mv¤cÖ`vwqK DMÖZv, RvwZ-¯úk©KvZiZv dwjZ `k©‡b cwiYZ Ki‡jb| kv¯¿? Avwg mZ¨, g~j¨ Av`k© wbY©q Kiv hv‡e| Z‡eB
we‡eKvb›`‡K KZUv DwØMœ K‡i‡Q| ag©‡K eywS bv| Avwg eywS Rxeb, Ges G Rxeb †h †Zv gvby‡li gyw³| G me wKQz‡K wb‡q Gme
mvwe©K gvbeKj¨v‡Yi ¯^iƒc e‡j †NvlYv KivB Amxg ab †mB Dcjwä Avgv‡K †KejB AbšÍ wKQz‡K Qvwo‡q DV‡Z cviv‡KB gvby‡li g‡a¨
Zuvi Rxe‡bi mvabv wQj| kZel© c‡i 1995 kw³c~‡Äi ga¨ w`‡q PvwjZ K‡i| cÖn‡i †`egvb‡ei Afy¨`q ejv n‡q‡Q|
mv‡ji w`‡K ZvwK‡q mn‡RB †evSv hvq cÖn‡i Avgvi D‡Øvab, ¶‡Y ¶‡Y Avgvi †m-B eo gvbyl, Ag„‡Zi mšÍvb|
†h, Kx ivR‰bwZK conformity, Kx ag©xq DËiY| GB D‡Øvab-DËiY Avgvi Rxe‡bi †`k-Kvj-ag©‡K DËxY© n‡Z †c‡i‡Q GB
†gŠjev`, Kx A_©‰bwZK wek¦vqbÑ hvwš¿KZvi ag©| G‡KB ej‡Z nq, we‡eKvb›` mgMÖ| gvbyl| GB gvbyl wn›`y-†K Qvwo‡q ˆe`vwšÍK

11
gvby‡l DËxY© n‡q‡Q| `¨v w¯úwiU Ad illā Llah) G‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Bmjvgwe‡`iv ivgK…ò †hgb Ck¦i‡K Abyfe K‡i‡Qb
g¨vb, GB gvby‡li GKgvÎ g~jab| GB e‡j‡Qb ‘revealed testification’ G‡KB hÎZÎ, †`‡L‡Qb, cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i‡Qb| gvbyl‡K
gvbyl mgKvjxb me©Kvjxb, me©Rbxb| mg¯Í †Kviv‡bi fvlvq Shahaah ejv n‡”Q| hZUv †c‡q‡Qb Ck¦i‡KI jvf K‡i‡Qb G
bxwZkv¯¿ I m‡Z¨i g~j wfwË GLv‡bB| GB ejvB evûj¨, kvnv`n-i †Kvb e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Rxe‡b ZZUvB| jf¨vsk fvM K‡i wb‡q‡Qb
gvbyl D”PviY Ki‡Z cv‡i ÔZË¡gwmÕ-ZzwgB P‡j bv| cÖL¨vZ Bmjvgwe` Martin Lings f³, eÜz, cwiwPZ, AcwiwPZ mK‡ji m‡½|
†mB| GB nj †e`v‡šÍi mvi K_v| GB gvbyl, e‡j‡Qb: ‘It is both open and closed Rxeb m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q, Ny‡P †M‡Q e¨envwiK
Ava¨vwZ¥K gvbyl| ÔAvwgB mZ¨Õ, GB gvbyl obvious and enigmatic, and even Rxe‡bi gvwjb¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e mywdiv gvby‡li
n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| wn›`y †_‡K wn›`y‡K DËxY© in its obviousness it is something gvwjb¨‡K NywP‡q wKsev D‡cÿv K‡i Zv‡K
n‡Z nq, †mUvB †e`v‡šÍi `k©b| gymjgvb of a stranger to the mind which Wzwe‡q w`‡q‡Qb Avb›` mvM‡i| Gi A_©:
†_‡K gymjgvb‡K DËxY© n‡Z nq, †mUvB it dazzles because it reverberates mywdiv GKvšÍB spiritual, intellectual
mywdev‡`i `k©b| with hidden implications. (What is bq| Faith Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi GK Mfxi
mywdev` eû g‡Zi eû c‡_i eû Sufism? c„. 64, Unwin Paperbacks, `„wófw½, dogma bq| GKRb Ggb K‡i
wek¦v‡mi wbh©vm| mKj mvabvi P~ovšÍ dj| 1975) Gevi wjsm ¯^M©xq wbh©vm (Divine ej‡Z cv‡ib, ‘Come where I am, I
†Kvb GKwU gZ GKwU c_ GKwU wek¦vm Essence) †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ A Sufi Saint can show the Way.’
gvbyl‡K gyw³ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj wek¦v‡mi of the Twentith Country †_‡K GB mywdi fvlvq cÖwZev` Av‡Q| G‡`i
P~ovšÍ Aa¨vZ¥KiY †e`v‡šÍ, mywd`k©‡b m¤¢e wZbwU PiY DׄZ Ki‡Qb fvlv wb‡R‡`i m„wó| G GK g‡bvig, mv_©K
n‡q‡Q| ‘It is Hidden in Its Own fvlv, GB fvlv vital for dialogue
Bmjv‡gi P~ovšÍ Aa¨vZ¥ev`‡KB Outward Manifestation wherein It between God and man. GKRb
mywdi ag© ejv n‡q‡Q| Beb wmwib (g„. doth appear mywdi `iKvi, Ck¦‡ii m‡½ me©ÿ‡Yi
729) e‡j‡Qb: I prefer to follow the As Veil after Veil made to cover AbšÍ mvÿvrKvi| G‡K mvaviY mvÿvrKvi
example of the prophet who dressed Its Glory’ ejv hv‡e bv| mvaviY gvby‡li cÖwZw`‡bi
in cotton.’ mywd Ck¦i‡K mÜvb K‡ib GB A‡bK mva¨Ñmvabv K‡i AšÍwenxb Rxebhvc‡b GKUv `xbZv cÖKU n‡q I‡V|
c„w_ex‡Z me©Î| mywdi ag© Zvi gg©| Ck¦i c_ †cwi‡q f³‡K Ck¦ijvf Ki‡Z nq| mywdiv wKsev mvaymšÍivÑ Giv GB `xbZv‡K
Zvi AšÍ‡ii AšÍiZg,AvcbRb| mLv eÜz GB Ic‡ii KweZvq wbwnZ Av‡Q mywdev‡`i jvjb dwK‡ii fvlv w`‡q, ivgcÖmv‡`i Mvb
cÖxwZimwm³ Ck¦i me©ÿY mywd‡K Zuvi AšÍi½ mvi K_vwU| Ck¦‡ii kZ bvg| GB bvg¸wj w`‡q, ˆe`vwšÍK mbœ¨vmxi Rxeb`k©b w`‡q
K‡i †Zv‡jb| AvDj evDj dwKi me©`vB w`‡q Divine Essence †K †evSv hvq| NywP‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| iƒcvšÍi N‡U gvby‡li, †m
Ck¦i mÜv‡bi c‡_i cw_K| mywdiv G‡`iB Divine Essence comprises in fvj †ev‡S bv wK †hb N‡U †M‡Q| GKw`b
mn‡hv×v, G‡`iB eÜz| †e`všÍ, †eŠ×, whï Itself, like Allah, the totality of AK¯§vr Abyf‡e †ev‡S GB †`‡n g‡b wK‡mi
I Zuvi m¤cÖ`vq, G‡`i mK‡ji gnvmw¤§jb Names and does not merely denote GK Av¸b a‡i‡Q| G Av¸b G Rxe‡b wb‡f
NU‡Q mywdi Rxeb mvabvq| nhiZ gn¤§` a particular Divine Aspect. The hvevi bq| GB `nbR¡vjv Ck¦i‡cÖ‡gi,
(`:)-Gi w`evivwÎi cÖv_©bv wQjÑÔ`vwi`ªB Names of the Essence are thus in a Ck¦i A`k©‡bi| mywdKwe RvjvjDwÏb iæwg
Avgvi Hk¦h©|Õ cieZ©xKv‡j eû mywd msN sense interchangeable with Allah, Av‡ÿc Ki‡Qb:
GUv‡KB gš¿ e‡j †R‡bwQ‡jb| and one such Name is al Haqq, I was a devout man. You made me
Ck¦i‡cÖg, me wKQzi g‡a¨ Ck¦i‡K Truth, Reality (Lings, 1) a singer of songs.
Abyfe Kiv, wb‡Ri †fZ‡i Av‡jv R¡vjv mywdi GB nj gbmy‡ii Av‡Z¥vcjwä I You made me a wine-bibber, a
RxebKg©| Ck¦i‡K fq bq, Ck¦i fvjevmvq am the TruthÑGi mvigg©| Gevi drunkard, a fool.
D™¢vwmZ n‡q IVv| Zvcmx mywd iv‡eqv (g„. we‡eKvb‡›`i Dcjwä: Every religion I was a grave man of formal
801)Ñi Rxeb Avgv‡`i Ck¦i AbyivwMYx is only evolving a God out of the praying.
gxivi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| iv‡eqvi material man and the same God is You made me the sport of the
Rxebmvabv †NvlYv K‡i The mainspring the inspirer of all of them. children in the street.
of mysticism is ‘love’. Zvcmx ej‡Qb: Ñ (The Complete Works of Bsj¨v‡Û GK eÜz‡K †e`všÍ-cÖm½
Love of God hath so absorbed Swiami Vivekananda, Vol I, c„:t wb‡q wPwV‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`: I
me that neither love nor hate of 18)| want to give them dry, hard reason
any other thing remains in my Avgiv Rvwb, GB mywd gnvcÖvY softened in the sweetest spirit of
heart. GB Dcjwä gvbyl‡K ej‡Z †kLvq gbmyi‡K Zvi Ggb Aa¨vZ¥evw`Zvi R‡b¨ love and made spicy with intense
contemplation †_‡K illumination, cÖvY w`‡Z n‡qwQj| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨, hviv work, and cooked in the Kitchen
A‡cÖg †_‡K †cÖg, AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jv GB GB gnvRxe‡bi cªvY`Êv‡`k K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv of Yoga, so that even a baby can
mywd mva‡Ki Rxeb| GB Rxe‡bi P~ovšÍ †KD mgvRwe‡ivax wQ‡jb bv| ag©wek¦v‡m digest it.” Gevi Eleanor StarkÑGi
cÖKvk N‡UwQj cvim¨‡`‡ki mywd gbmyi Zviv wQ‡jb Abo, w¯’i wQ‡jb a‡g©i weavb gšÍe¨: And this Vedanta as he
Avj nv¾v‡Ri Rxe‡b| wZwb Ck¦‡ii m‡½ Abymi‡Y| GB kwiqwZ Bmjvg †kl ch©šÍ taught it lived it, was his great
wb‡R‡K GKvZ¥ K‡i fve‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| mvnvh¨ Kij gymjgv‡bi g‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqv contribution to the modern age.
bk¦i †`n Ck¦‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z ˆb‡e`¨| m„wó Ki‡Z| GivB mywdmgv‡R wgw÷K h_v_©B GB nj ¯^vgxRxi m‡e©vËg ˆb‡e`¨ wZwb
mywd gbmy‡ii AvwZ© eyS‡Z n‡j wb‡Pi Bmjvg‡K mywbcyYfv‡e wbg©vY K‡i w`j| gvbemf¨Zv‡K w`‡q †M‡jb| huviv ¯^vgxRxi
K_v¸‡jv Av‡M ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e| ag©cÖvY mywdiv a‡g©i `k©bZË¡ wb‡q Av‡`Š gv_v Nvgvj f³e„›`, huviv Zuvi bvgMvb K‡ib fw³f‡i
gymjgvb Ck¦ifRbv‡K w`evivwÎi Kve¨ bv| m~²Ávb Zviv PvB‡j bv, hv PvBj Zv‡K Zuviv Rxe‡b I cÖZ¨‡q gvbyl ¯^vgxRx‡K
Ávb K‡ib, Anin D”PviY Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Zß Ck¦i AwfÁZvÑ‘living Kx h‡_ó ey‡S‡Qb? Zuviv Kx we‡eKvb‡›`i
There is no god but God (Lā ilāha experience of God’. RvMÖZ †e`všÍ GB K_v¸‡jv h‡_ó wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb: Not

12
any one universal philosophy, Avevi G K_v ejv Aek¨ KZ©e¨, Nwbô m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b ¯^Ztcªe„Ë n‡q‡Qb|
or any one universal mythology, mywdev` wbR¯^c‡_ me wKQz‡K Qvwo‡q mywd‡`i gZB `wi`ª Rxebhvcb, Ck¦ifRbv,
or any one universal ritual held D‡V‡Q| mywd‡`i †Kvb we‡kl ixwZ‡Z, gvbe‡cÖg, gbyl¨mgvR cybM©Vb Zuvi Rxe‡bi
alike by all; for I know that this weav‡b, e܇b evav covi Dcvq †bB| Kg©m~wP wQj| †Kviv‡b evievi ejv n‡q‡Q
world must go on working, wheel †KejB be be D‡Øva‡b Av‡jvwKZ n‡Z †Kvb A‡jŠwKK e¨vcvi NUvevi Rb¨ nhiZ
within wheel, this intricate mass cvivB Rxe‡bi ag©| mywd wek¦vm nj gbmyi gn¤§` (`:) Av‡mbwb| Ô†Kviv‡bi evYx GK
of machinery, most complex, most Avj- nv¾v‡`i fvlvqÑ I saw my Lord AwZcÖvK…Z c×wZ‡Z jvf n‡jI g~jZ Zv
wonderful.’ (K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv, 1900) Gevi with the Eye of the Heart. Gevi †evSv hyw³, KvÊÁvb, gvby‡li me©v½xb Kj¨vY, G
†kl Ki‡Qb: Religion is realization, †Mj: all Life is Divine. A‰ØZ †e`všÍ m‡ei m‡½B we‡klfv‡e hy³|
not talk, nor doctrine, nor theories, Avi mywdev` GLv‡bB GK I Awfbœ| gnvZ¥v we‡eKvb›` GB hyw³‡KB cÖvavb¨
however beautiful they may be. It `vivwk‡Kv GB wek¦v‡m cÖ¾¡wjZ n‡qwQ‡jb| w`‡q‡Qb| H m‡½ gvby‡li R‡b¨ gvby‡li †cÖg
is being and becoming, not hearing Avi n‡qwQ‡jb e‡jB gyNj mvgªvR¨ nviv‡Z I cÖZ¨q‡K me‡P‡q †ewk K‡i kª×v K‡i‡Qb|
or acknowledging; it is the whole nj, H m‡½ Ggb gnvRxebI| `vivwk‡Kv kª×v K‡i‡Qb wn›`yi hyw³ I `k©b‡K, fw³
Soul becoming changed into what hw` †Kvb ˆ`e `ywe©cv‡K gyNj mgªvU n‡Zb Zv I HwZ‡n¨i aviYv‡K, kª×v K‡i‡Qb †MŠZg
it believes.’ n‡j †eva Kwi ALÊ fviZe‡l©i iƒcvšÍi NUZ ey‡×i hyyw³ev`‡K, gvbe‰gÎxi aviYv‡K,
GLb ¯^”Q‡›` ej‡Z cvwi, ¯^vgxRxi G‡Kev‡i AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e I Ab¨ c‡_| Awnsmv‡K, kª×v K‡i‡Qb gnvZ¥v whïi
a‡g©i GB e¨vL¨v mywd‡`i Rxeb`k©b| mywdiv †e`všÍ`k©‡bi Zvrch© †evSv‡Z wM‡q gvbe‡cÖg‡K, kª×v K‡i‡Qb gvbeRvwZi R‡b¨
Avevi h_v_© gymjgvb| gy³avivi DrmB ¯^vgxRx ej‡Qb, Ô†e`všÍ GKwU †gŠwjK whïi me©¯^Z¨v‡Mi, kª×v K‡i‡Qb Bmjv‡gi
Zv‡`i gymjgvbZ¡‡K iÿv K‡i‡Q| Bivb ZË¡ Dc¯’vwcZ Kwiqv‡Q Ges †e`všÍ `vwe mvgvwRK H‡K¨i aviYv‡K, kª×v K‡i‡Qb
†_‡K fviZel© mywd‡`i RxebcÖevn msMx‡Z, K‡i †h, Dnv c„w_exi me ag©g‡Zi g‡a¨B nhiZ gyn¤§‡`i (`.) mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK
b„‡Z¨, †hv‡M, mvabvq cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i‡Q| wbwnZ iwnqv‡Q| GB ZË¡wU nBj GB †h, mgZvev‡`i| midivR †nv‡mb‡K †jLv
Giv AvPviwePvi-me©¯^ ag©‡gvn‡K wemR©b gvbyl eª‡þi mwnZ Awfbœ, Avgiv Avgv‡`i
wPwVi GK Ask w`‡q GB cÖe‡Üi f~wgKv Kiv
w`‡Z †c‡iwQj ¯^”Q‡›`| GB inm¨ve„Z PZz®úv‡k¦© hvnv wKQz †`wL‡ZwQ, mKjB †mB
Rxe‡b Av‡jv PvB, Mvb PvB, gvbe-eÜzi Hkx †PZbv nB‡Z cÖm~Z| gvbe-cÖK…wZi n‡q‡Q| Gevi mgvwß Kiv n‡”Q †mB wPwVi
msmM© PvB; Ck¦i‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z cviv PvB g‡a¨ wKQz Hk¦h©evb, †m meB H eªþmËv †kl Ask w`‡q|
AvKv‡k evZv‡m b`xi KjZv‡b cvwLi Mv‡b nB‡Z D™f~Z; Ges hw`I Zvnv A‡b‡Ki ‘For our motherland a
R‡ji †mªv‡Z| Ck¦i? wZwb †Zv Avgvi Rxeb g‡a¨B myßfv‡e weivRgvb, Z_vwc cÖK… juncition of the great systems,
†`eZv| PweŸk NÈvi g‡a¨ QvweŸk NÈvB Zc‡ÿ gvby‡l gvby‡l †KvbI cÖ‡f` bvB, Hiduism and IslamÑVedanta brain
Zvi m‡½ Avgvi m¤úK© Awe‡”Q`¨, GB nj KviY mK‡jB mgfv‡e eª‡þi mwnZ Awfbœ| and Islam bodyÑ is the only hope.
mywd‡`i Rxebjxjv| nvwm Kvbœvi m‡ive‡i †hb GK AbšÍ gnvmgy`ª cðv‡Z we`¨gvb I see in my mind’s eye the
`uvwo‡q †hb| GKv`k kZvãxi gnËg mywd iwnqv‡Q Ges Avwg I Avcbviv mK‡j †mB future perfect India rising out of
Avj Mv¾wji g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi gv_vi wb‡P GB AbšÍ gnvmgy`ª nB‡Z GKwU Zi½iƒ‡c DwÌZ this chaos and strife, glorious and
PiY¸wj cvIqv wM‡qwQj: nBqvwQ| Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †mB AbšÍ‡K invincible with Vedanta brain and
“A bird I am : This body was my evwn‡i cªKvk Kwievi AvcÖvY †Póv Kwi‡ZwQ| Islam body..’
cage myZivs myß m¤¢vebvi w`K nB‡Z †`wL‡Z nVvr ej‡Z B‡”Q K‡i AvR‡Ki
But I have flow leaving it as a †M‡j †h mr wPr I Avb›`gq gnvmvM‡ii fviZe‡l©i w`‡K ZvwK‡q, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`
token.’ (cvÊyjwc, weªwUk wgDwRqvg) mwnZ Avgiv ¯^fveZ Awfbœ, †mB gnvmvM‡i GB we¯§qKi wPwV Avj‡gvovq e‡m
Margaret Smith ‘AL-Ghazali Avgv‡`i Rb¥MZ AwaKvi iwnqv‡Q| Avgv‡`i wj‡LwQ‡jb 1898 mv‡j| BwZnv‡mi Av‡iv
the Mystic’ (Luzac, 1944) eB-G mg¯Í ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ †h †h cv_©K¨ Zvnv †mB Hkx we¯§qKi hš¿Yv GB †h, Avgiv †eva Kwi,
KweZvwU Abyev` K‡ib| AvjMv¾wj `k©b I m¤¢vebv‡K cÖKvk Kwievi ZviZ‡g¨i `iæb †Kvb w`b Rvb‡Z cvie bv GB wPwVi cÖvcK
`vk©wbK ZË¡‡K Ggb Zij K‡i KweZvi ga¨ NwUqv‡Q| AZGe †e`v‡šÍi AwfgZ GB †h, midivR †nv‡mb Ggb ev¯Íe †e`všÍ c‡o
w`‡q Avevi bZzb `k©b m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Mfxi cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl hZUzKz eªþkw³ cÖKvk Kwi‡Z Kx †f‡ewQ‡jb| wbðqB wKQz †f‡ewQ‡jb|
Dcjwäi K_v e‡j †h‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| cvVK mg_© nBqv‡Q, †mB w`K nB‡Z wePvi bv Kx wj‡LwQ‡jb? AšÍZ ¯^M‡Zvw³‡Z †Kvb
Ggb KweZv c‡o in‡m¨, †cÖ‡g Av‡jv‡Z Kwiqv Zvnvi ¯^iƒ‡ci w`K nB‡Z Zvnv‡K cÖZ¨vkv D`&fvwmZ n‡q D‡VwQj| Zv hw`
D™¢vwmZ n‡Z cv‡i| mywdiv h_v_©B ej‡Z wePvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e| mKj gvbylB ¯^iƒcZ Rvbv †hZ Zvn‡j 2010 mv‡ji c„w_exi gvbyl
cv‡i G Rxe‡bi A‡bKUvB inm¨ve„Z †_‡K eªþ; AZGe †Kvb AvPvh© hLb Kvnv‡KI bZzb †Kvb c‡_i wb‡`©k †c‡Z cviZ| GK_v
hvq| Avevi Avj-Mv¾wji gZ `vk©wbK mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Z AMÖmi nB‡eb, ZLb wb›`vev` mZ¨ †h, wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi hyM¥ Rxebmvabv
mywdev`‡K mywbcyYfv‡e Bmjv‡gi msmv‡i Qvwoqv w`qv H e¨w³i AšÍwb©wnZ eªþkw³‡K
fviZel©‡K GK DbœZ, mymsnZ, Awnsm
cªwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib RvMvBevi Rb¨B Zvnv‡K m‡Pó nB‡Z nB‡e|
Rxe‡bi aviYv w`‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨ wKQz‡Z cv‡i
mvaviY gvbyl‡K eyS‡Z, G Rxe‡b Ck¦i‡cÖg (¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i evYx I iPbv, Z…Zxq LÊ
GB gvby‡li RMr‡K ev` w`‡q bq| Rxeb I c„. 241) bv| Ges †mB mvgvwRK harmony-i aviYv
RM‡Zi A‡gvN wbq‡gi g‡a¨ mywd `k©b‡K ¯^vgxRx †e`všÍ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q c„w_ex‡K bZzb c‡_i mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡i|
¯^vfvweK K‡i cybM©wVZ Ki‡Z Avj-Mv¾wj gvbyl †h me wKQzi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z Zv ¯úó mgMÖ `wÿY Gwkqv †mB aviYvq D¾¡j n‡q
¯^ZtcÖe„Ë n‡qwQ‡jb| Ges P~ovšÍ A‡_© K‡i eywS‡q w`‡jb| Gevi GK_v ejv m¤¢e DV‡Z cv‡i|
mvdj¨ Zuv‡K msewa©Z K‡i‡Q| GKvwaK †h, mywdev` Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨B Awfe¨³
A‡_© Bmjv‡gi iƒcvšÍi N‡U‡Q Avj-Mv¾wji n‡q‡Q| nhiZ gn¤§`(`.)‡K cÖ_g mywd W. †nv‡mbyi ingvb
wPšÍvq I mvabvq| ejv n‡q‡Q| KviY wZwb Ck¦‡ii m‡½ cwðge‡½i mgvRZvwË¡K, cwÊZ

13
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†g‡q, Gw`K Iw`K ZvwK‡q †m ev‡ci †PvL duvwK w`‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ H Mjvi ¯^i bvwg‡q MRMwR‡q cÖev` MvqÑ AvUvi ¸‡Y iæwU Avi gv‡qi
g„`y c`aŸwbI aiv c‡o wejvZ Avjxi Kv‡bi ivWv‡i| Mjvq wgbwZ ¸‡Y †ewU nq| ¯^fve Kv‡iv e`jvq!
gvwL‡q †m Wv‡KÑ A cyuwU, †kvb w`wb gv! mnmv Kx †f‡e cuywUiI g‡bi LvwbK cwieZ©b nq| wkw_j cv‡q
cuywU †kv‡b bv| †Kvb ReveI †`q bv| ev‡ci w`‡K GKevi N‡ii `vIqvq G‡m †m ev‡ci mvg‡b `uvovq| K_v e‡j bv wejvZ Avjx
ZvwK‡q euvwK c_Uv GK †`Š‡o P‡j hvq D‡Vv‡bi cwð‡g; gvwUi Zey †Ui cvq †g‡qi Dcw¯’wZ| GZÿY GB †QvÆ †g‡qwUi abyKUvb
Kuvw_i Avov‡j Dbyb †R¡‡j fvZ Pvwc‡q‡Q Ii fvwe, cU‡ji eD, †MuvqvZzwg©‡Z †gRvR m߇g P‡owQj e‡U nVvr †mB †g‡q‡KB bvMv‡ji
†mBLv‡b wM‡q `g a‡i `uvovq| Kzov‡bv cvZvi R¡vjvwb‡Z Dbyb aiv‡Z g‡a¨ †c‡q ZviI †fZiUv Mj‡Z ïiæ K‡i; ey‡Ki †fZiKvi `iRv
wM‡q wKUwK‡U †auvqvq bZzb eD‡qi `yÕ‡PvL jvj| gyL Zz‡j †m e‡jÑ Ly‡j hvq, Rvbvjv Ly‡j hvq| †Kv‡Ì‡K GK SjK wSiwS‡i nvIqv
evcwR WvK‡Q, Kv‡b hv‡”Q bv| G‡m mviv AšÍi dzidz‡i K‡i †`q| GB cuywU Zvi †g‡q| GK cuyP‡K
cyuwU Zey b‡o bv| iv Kv‡o bv| †Quov Rvgvi †KvuP‡o nvZ XzwK‡q GB †g‡qwU‡KB †hb †m eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| A_P eo †Q‡j cUj‡K

14
†ek eyS‡Z cv‡i| w`‡biv‡Z Ii m‡½ K_v- hZ fv‡e ZZB †gRvR wLuP‡o hvq wejvZ †mB dwU‡Ki k~b¨¯’vb c~iY K‡i Kv‡K w`‡q?
evZ©v nq LyeB Kg| Zey ev‡S| †ev‡S, Ii Avjxi, †hbÑev Zß evjy‡Z LB †dv‡U KZRb ¯^vgx-¯¿x †Rvo †eu‡a c‡_ bv‡g, G‡K
AvZ¥m¤§vb‡evaUv †ek UbU‡b, †KD evc Zz‡j Zoewo‡qÑ`yÕcv nuvBwU LvwZ f~‡Z wKjvq, Aci‡K AvM‡j iv‡L; wKš‘ †m K_v wK cU‡ji
K_v ej‡j Lye Mv‡q ev‡a| wfwLwii †Q‡j‡K K¨vgb! gvÑevcgiv GwZg QvIqv‡ji G¨vLyb gv‡K ejvi Dcvq Av‡Q! BkvivÑBw½‡Z A‡bK
wK †jv‡K bevecyËzi ej‡e! bv, DwPZ K_v cvLv MwRwq‡Q, GwZgLvbvq hv‡e! nv‡dR Av‡MB †m cÖ¯Íve †c‡o †`‡L‡Q, †i †i K‡i
ïb‡j Zvi Mv‡q R¡vjv a‡i| ZLb †m †Muv †Muv n‡e! `¨v‡k wK nv‡d‡Ri AKvj, G¨uv! †PvL †Z‡o I‡V, gyL †S‡o wLw¯Í MvqÑdwK‡ii
K‡i †ZvZjvq| †Mi¯’evwo‡Z euvav K…lv‡Yi †bB, wejvZ Avjx Zey ¯úó eyS‡Z cv‡i G esk dwKi, `y‡qv‡i `y‡qv‡i nvZcvZv ¯^fve|
Kv‡R B¯Ídv w`‡q †hw`b †m wbovwb nv‡Z NUbvq Zvi ¯¿x Lye Lywk n‡q‡Q| gyL dz‡U †KD Av‡iv KZ Kx! wejvZ AvjxiI gy‡Li g‡a¨
¯^vaxbfv‡e gywbl LvU‡Z †Mj, †mB w`bB bv ej‡jI †m †hb w`we¨ ïb‡Z cvqÑG¨vLyb K_vi ey`ey` †dwb‡q I‡VÑZzwg Lye AvRKb¨v
mܨvq ûKzg Rvwi K‡i ev‡ci wf‡ÿe„wË eÜ Kx Kiev? nv‡Zi jvwV ai‡e wKWv? GKevi †Zv! dwK‡ii Kcv‡j AvBwm RBwU‡Qv!
K‡i w`j| Kx †h Kov wb‡`©k ZviÑ evwoi GK dvwj m‡›`‡ni Kv‡jv †gN DuwK w`‡q w`bivZ †gvjøvevwo cBwo _v‡Kv K¨v‡b! Kx
evB‡i GK cvI evovev bv, eywS‡Qv! wejvZ hvqÑdwUK †Quvov‡K †KD Kvb fvwO‡q mwi‡q gay Av‡Q! Avwg wKQz eywSwb! AšÍ‡i AšÍ‡i
AvjxB †hbev †eqvov †Q‡j, ZR©b MR©b †`qwb †Zv! cªej Zocvq, wKš‘ G me K_v gy‡L e‡j bv
K‡i Zvi Dc‡i Mv‡R©bwMwi djv‡”Q cUj| †Zv †mB nv‡Zi jvwV aivi R‡b¨ wb‡Ri wejvZ Avjx| dwU‡Ki Av‡M †h `yÕPviR‡bi
bvn&, cU‡ji G wm×všÍ †gv‡UB cQ›` nqwb †Q‡j cU‡ji K_vI g‡b n‡q‡Q `yÕGKevi m‡½ †m wf‡ÿ K‡i‡Q Ges nvZUvbmn

Ñ mvivw`b †Zv c‡_ c‡_ †Nv‡iv, wbwRi N‡ii Lei iv‡Lv †Zv wejvZfvB?
Ñ N‡ii Lei! K¨v‡b?
Ñ bv, gv‡b Zzgvi †Zv †PvL wb, wbwRi †QBwj †gwqK Zzwg wPbwZ cv‡iv?
Ñ Kx hv Zv eyjwQm! Avgvi cUj cuywUK Avwg wPwb wb?
Ñ †Lv‡`Rv wnwn K‡i †n‡m I‡V,
Ñ †P‡bv? wPbwj‡Zv fvjB| cuywUi gyLLvbv hw` Zzwg †`LwZ cvBwZ!
Zvi| `k Muv‡qi c_ gvcv A‡f¨m, Gevi †h wKš‘ wb‡RB Avevi †m cÖ¯Íve evwZj K‡i‡Q| bvbvwea Awf‡hv‡M †Rvo †f‡O †M‡Q, Zv‡`i
`yÕcv‡q evZ a‡i hv‡e Zvn‡j! G wm×v‡šÍi eq‡m dwV‡Ki mgvb n‡jI APj Aÿg †LuvRLei wb‡qI fvwi nZvk nq, †KD Ggb
†bc‡_¨I †m loh‡š¿i NÖvY Avwe®‹vi K‡i †gv‡UB bq| fxlY `yišÍ| evM gvbv‡bv `vq| ûU K‡i †Rvov fvO‡Z ivwR bq| cyKzicvovi
e‡m| wbðq Iiv gv‡qcy‡Z hyw³ K‡i †NuvU †Kvb iK‡g †V‡jVz‡j gÊjevwoi Miæ Piv‡Z AvBRwÏ †Luvov, ZvjMvQ †_‡K c‡o V¨vs
cvwK‡q‡Q| cU‡ji gv‡K †m Lye nv‡o nv‡o cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †m iKg NvoeuvKv Z¨uv‡`vo, †f‡O‡Q, †mI `yÕwZb `dv †Nviv‡bvi ci
†P‡b| ¯^vgxi wfÿve„wË eÜ Kivi PµvšÍ Zvi Zv‡K w`‡q G KvR n‡e bv| Kvbv †Luvov mvd Rvwb‡q‡QÑbv, †m wf‡ÿ K‡i Lv‡e bv|
bZzb bq| eûw`b †_‡KB bvbvb QjvKjvq †`L‡j gvby‡li gb M‡j, `yÕPvi cqmv a‡i Zv‡`i es‡k †KD KL‡bv wf‡ÿ K‡iwb|
fzwj‡q duv` †c‡Z Avm‡Q †m| wejvZ Avjx wf‡ÿ †`q| Wvs¸wj †Lj‡Z wM‡q dwU‡Ki †`gvM †`‡L wejvZ Avjxi gM‡Ri g‡a¨ LP
AÜ gvbyl, wf‡ÿe„wËB Zvi AvqÑ DcvR©‡bi GK †PvL Kvbv n‡q hvq Ges Zvi K‡É LP K‡i `vcvqÑfvwi Avgvi bev‡ei esk‡i!
GKgvÎ Dcvq; Kvbv †Luvov GwZg AvZzi hLb †`vqv`iæ` Lze wgwnmy‡i ù~wiZ nq e‡j Zv‡K Lv, G¨vLyb esk ayBwq Lv| eBwm Lvwj Avi
hv‡K bvMv‡j cvq AvavAvwa k‡Z© Zv‡KB wb‡q c‡_ bvg‡jB †Svjv f‡i †M‡Q| wKš‘ bevex dzivwZ KÕw`b!
m‡½ wb‡q wf‡ÿ K‡iÑ G me †R‡bï‡bB
Zv‡`i we‡q nq| Zey †m we‡qi ci Szj a‡i,
dzumjvqÑ Ôwf‡ÿ Kiv Pj‡e bv| †Mi¯’evwo
avb fvBwb †nvK, wSwMwi KBwi †nvK, Avwg
Zzgv‡K LvIqve| Zzwg evwo eBwm _vKev|Õ
Kx gRvi hyw³! ï‡b G‡Kev‡i Rvb-Kj‡R
Rywo‡q hvq| bv, †g‡qgvby‡li cxovcxwo‡Z
nvi gvbevi cvÎ bq wejvZ Avjx| nvi †m
gv‡bwbI mn‡R| AZ¨šÍ mnR mij hyw³ Zvi
Avq-DcvR©b bv Kiwj cyiæl wKwmi!
wejvZ Avjxi GB `xN© wf¶zKRxe‡b
†eKvq`vq c‡owQj GKevi, eQi wZb-
Pv‡i‡Ki gv_vq dwUK †hevi nVvr Zv‡K
†Q‡o `~‡i †Kvb wjjøvn †evwWs‡q P‡j †Mj
†mBevi| †mLv‡b _vKv-LvIqv wd«, dwUK
bvwK †Kviv‡b nv‡dR n‡eÑ GB me Z_¨
†hvMvo K‡i G‡b ïwb‡q‡Q wejvZ Avjxi ¯¿x|
†m Kvb †c‡Z ï‡b‡Q| g‡b g‡b dwU‡Ki
†PvÏcyiæ‡li wcwÊ PU&‡K‡Q, †`vqv`iæ` †hUzKz
Rvwbm, Zv‡ZB †Zv †ek PjwQj †Zvi, nv‡dR
nwq Kx D×vi Kiwe! evcgv‡K m‡¹ cvVvwe!
†bgKnvivg Avi e‡j Kv‡K! dwU‡Ki K_v

15
 Ae‡k‡l nVvr GKw`b AvKv‡ki Puv` Qvqv`ªÕ cvKyoZjvq wRwi‡q †bqvi AeKv‡k n‡q‡Q| `yÕw`‡bB QUdUvwb a‡i †M‡Q| GLb
G‡m aiv †`q wejvZ Avjxi nv‡Z| ZvjZwji wejvZ Avjxi ey‡Ki Rvbvjv `iRv Kuvwc‡q Zvn‡j gv‡KI N‡i ewm‡q ivL‡Z n‡e! gyL
†Lv‡`Rvi `yN©Ubvi Lei †m Av‡MB ï‡bwQj, †`q †Lv‡`Rv| †m `yg K‡i cÖkœ K‡i, wU‡c nvm‡Z nvm‡Z cUj mvg‡b †_‡K P‡j
wKš‘ I‡`i evwo wM‡q †LvuR Lei †bqvi mgqÑ Ñ mvivw`b †Zv c‡_ c‡_ †Nv‡iv, wbwRi hvq| wKš‘ wejvZ Avjx Zocv‡ZB _v‡K eK
my‡hvM Avi n‡q I‡Vwb| mviv el©v cvwb ï‡l N‡ii Lei iv‡Lv †Zv wejvZfvB? eK K‡iÑ Avgvi †PvL wb, †`LwZ cvBwb,
ï‡l nVvr GK iv‡Z I‡`i N‡ii †`Iqvj Ñ N‡ii Lei! K¨v‡b? Zziv †Zv Lye †`LwZ cvm! GKUv †gwqgvbyl
ûggywo‡q a‡m c‡o| †mB wf‡RgvwUi Kuvw_i Ñ bv, gv‡b Zzgvi †Zv †PvL wb, wbwRi eQ‡ii ci eQi mevi †Pv‡L ayjy w`wq hv‡”Q,
Z‡j Pvcv c‡o gviv hvq †Lv‡`Rvi †Kv‡ji †QBwj †gwqK Zzwg wPbwZ cv‡iv? Kx †`wLm-G¨uv? Kx †`wLm?
†g‡q AvZiRvb| GB ch©šÍ †R‡bwQj †ek Ñ Kx hv Zv eyjwQm! Avgvi cUj cuywUK g‡bi g‡a¨ A‡Pbv NyY‡cvKv `vcvq
KÕgvm Av‡M, `yN©Ubvi ciciB| GZw`b Avwg wPwb wb? Anwb©k, Kz‡i Kz‡i Lvq, KzUzk KzUzk Kv‡U
ci †Lv‡`Rv `yB †Q‡j‡g‡q wb‡q †Luvov‡Z Ñ †Lv‡`Rv wnwn K‡i †n‡m I‡V, wPšÍvm~Î; wKš‘ KvD‡KB †Lvjmv K‡i wKQz
†Luvov‡Z G‡m RvbvqÑ gvwUi Kuvw_ Zvi Ñ †P‡bv? wPbwj‡Zv fvjB| cuywUi gyLLvbv ej‡Z cv‡i bv wejvZ Avjx| AÜKvi Mwjc‡_
Mv‡qI c‡owQj, †mB †_‡K †Kvg‡ii wb‡P hw` Zzwg †`LwZ cvBwZ! Kx †h †Suv‡R †m-B Rv‡b| Luy‡S Luy‡R nÏ
ej cvq bv, evg w`‡Ki cv ïwK‡q miæ n‡q cywUui gy‡L †`Lvi Kx Av‡Q, †m cÖkœ Avi nq, wb‡RB i³v³ nq Avi GKv GKv ¸g‡i
†M‡Q| APj eD‡qi †evSv Uvb‡Z Uvb‡Z K‡i bv wejvZ Avjx| mnmv †hb Pzc‡m hvq| g‡i| Gw`‡K Zvi `yÕnv‡Zi `k Av½yj wVKB
wei³ Zvi ¯^vgx me †Q‡oQz‡o cvwj‡q‡Q| †PvL †bB e‡U, Kvb †Zv mRvM Av‡Q Zvi! ggZv Qovq cuywUi kix‡i| †KuvPo †_‡K gywo
gv_vi Dc‡i wZbwZbwU AcMš‘ wb‡q GLb A‡bK K_vB Kv‡b Av‡m Zvi, †m KL‡bvB Zzj‡Z wM‡q cuywU nVvr wR‡Ám K‡iÑ gywo
†m †Kv_vq hvq, Kx K‡i! †f‡e †f‡e Kzj Kvb K‡i bv| wKš‘ †Lv‡`Rv Gfv‡e AvKv‡ki Lvev evc&wR?
wKbviv bv †c‡q A_B mgyÏy‡i fvm‡Z fvm‡Z w`‡K _yZz Quyo‡Q †Kb †f‡e cvq bv †m| _yZz †g‡qi cÖ¯Ív‡e wejvZ Avjxi †Nvi
G‡m‡Q gvgv‡Zv †evb-†evbvB‡qi Kv‡Q| †Zv Avevi wb‡Ri Mv‡qB wd‡i Avm‡e| fv‡O| †m cuywU‡K ey‡Ki g‡a¨ wb‡q e‡j
†evb Avi Kx ej‡e, `yt‡Li Kvmyw›` ï‡b Zvi cU‡ji gv wK Zvi †KD bq! †Lv‡`Rvi K_v Ñ bv †i gv, ZzB Lv|
Kcv‡j nvZ| †evbvB G‡Kev‡i mnR Ges ï‡b wejvZ Avjxi mviv kixi †Ku‡c I‡V| cyuwU AevK nq| wf‡ÿ Kiv †Q‡o †`evi
mvejxj fw½‡Z civgk© †`qÑ AZ wPšÍvi wK wb‡Ri †Pv‡Li †fZ‡i Av½yj Pvwj‡q AZj ci †_‡K Zvi evc Kv‡iv nv‡Z Lvev‡ii MÜ
Av‡Q! Avgvi jvwVi gv_v aBwi bvBwg co| MnŸi †_‡K `„wó kw³ Zz‡j Avb‡Z B‡”Q †c‡jB †P‡q Lvq, cuywUi nv‡Zi Lvevi †Zv
Zv nuvUwZ cviev †Zv? K‡i| ïay GKevi hw` †m cuywUi †PnvivUv †K‡o Lvq, †mB gvbyl gywo Lv‡e bv! ej‡jB
†nvK Luywo‡q Luywo‡q Zey †Zv †m ZvjZwj †`L‡Z cvq, GKevi hw` †mv‡jgvb †gvjøvi nj! wkï‡Zvl †jvf †`Lvq †m Zvi evc‡K,
†_‡K wb‡Ri cv‡q †nu‡UB GZ`~i G‡m‡Q| †g‡q mvwebvi m‡½ †mB †PvnvivUv wgwj‡q Ñ mv`v dKdKv gywo evc&wR, e‡Ki gZb
gv‡S g‡a¨ GKUz wRwi‡q wb‡j Muv‡q Muv‡q jvwV †`Lvi my‡hvM cvq, Zvn‡jB me KvbvNylvi kv`v, Lvev bv?
a‡i †nu‡U †eov‡Z †m Lye cvi‡e| wKš‘ Zvi gxgvsmv n‡q hvq| wb‡Ri †Pnviv †m †`‡Lwb wejvZ Avjx wdK K‡i †n‡m I‡V,
gv‡b †Zv Øv‡i Øv‡i wf‡ÿq bvgv! †evbvB‡qi KL‡bv, ¯¿xcy‡Îi †Pnviv †`Lvi evmbv Ñ gywo KL‡bv e‡Ki gZb nq cvM&wj?
cÖ¯Ív‡e GKev‡K¨ m¤§wZ Rvbv‡Z †Kv_vq †hb †Kvbw`b n‡q‡Q wKbv fvjgZ g‡bI c‡o Avevi cyuwUi gv_vq nvZ eyjvq, mviv
LP& LP& K‡i ev‡a| wf‡ÿ Qvov Avi †Kvb c_ bv| wKš‘ †g‡qwUi bvK gyL †PvL †VuvUÑ me gyL‡PvL Quy‡q Quy‡q hvq, Zvici †m Mfxi
†Lvjv †bB Zvn‡j! †ivMevjvB‡qi wPwKrmv †`L‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| †Kgb †Pvnviv cyuwUi? hZ †KŠZ~n‡j Rvb‡Z PvqÑ ZzB †`LwZ Kvi
bv nq bv-B nj, †c‡Ui fvZ ci‡bi Kvc‡oi eo n‡”Q ZZB bvwK †gvjøvevwoi Av`j dz‡U gZb, †evj w`wb gv!
R‡b¨ Avi †Kvb c_B †Lvjv †bB! iv‡Z DV‡Q| mwZ¨ wK †m mvwebv wKsev mvwebvi AvR¸we GB cÖ‡kœ cuywU fqvbK †nuvPU
†gvjøvevwo †_‡K cU‡ji gv G‡m GB me wcZv †mv‡jgvb †gvjøvi †Pnviv †c‡q‡Q! Lvq, cÖ_‡g G cÖ‡kœi A_©B †hb †m eyS‡Z
mvZKvn‡bi cwiKíbv †kvbvi ci `uvZgyL cyuwU‡K Kv‡Q †W‡K KZw`b Mv‡q cv‡i bv| ev‡ci gy‡Li w`‡K †PvL wcUwcU
wLuwP‡q I‡VÑfvjB nj, wbwRi eD‡K †Zv I gv_vq nvZ eywj‡q‡Q, mviv gyL `k Av½y‡j K‡i ZvKvq| wejvZ Avjx AvKzj n‡q Avevi
c‡_ bvgvwZ cviwb, Bevi j¨vsov kvjxi nvZ Rwic K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ †Kvb wKbviv cvqwb| wkï Rvb‡Z PvqÑ Kvi gZb ZzB?
aBwi W¨vs W¨vs KBwi bv‡PvMv| cuywU AvKw¯§K †mB †mœncvk †_‡K wb‡R‡K cuywU LvwbK wPšÍv K‡i †bq, cU‡ji
†`‡Lï‡b †Lv‡`Rv gy‡L Zvjv Auv‡U mwi‡q wb‡q‡Q, `~‡i `uvwo‡q ing¨gq †Pv‡L we‡qi myev‡` G evwo‡Z cÖ_g Avqbv G‡m‡Q
e‡U, wKš‘ cU‡ji gv Ggb †PvUcvU ïiæ K‡i ev‡ci w`‡K ZvwK‡q †_‡K‡Q| wejvZ Avjxi Zvi fvwei †cvUjvi g‡a¨| †QvÆ †mB †Mvj
†hb †mB iv‡ZB †Q‡jwc‡j wb‡q dycv‡Zv gM‡Ri †Kv‡l †Kv‡l Nb †Nvi †gN R‡g, Avqbvq eûevi †m wb‡Ri gyL †`‡L‡Q, wRf
†evb‡K †SuwU‡q we`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡j Z‡eB wSwjK w`‡q we`y¨r Zocvq| el©Y nq bv| †fswP‡q‡Q, fvwei wUc Kcv‡j c‡i‡Q, wKš‘
Zvi kvwšÍ| Zey `uv‡Z `uvZ wc‡l ivZUzKz GKw`b cUj‡K †W‡K †m e‡jÑ GK û¼v‡i Kv‡iv †Pnvivi m‡½ wb‡Ri †Pnvivi †Kvb
KvwU‡q hvq †Lv‡`Rv| †Q‡jwc‡j wb‡q ev‡ci wf‡ÿ Kiv †Zv Lye eÜ KBwi w`wj, mv`„k¨ Av‡Q wKbv GZ`~i KL‡bv †f‡e
mKv‡j D‡V P‡j Av‡m ZvjZwj| G g‡a¨ †Zvi gv †h c‡ii evwo evw›`wMwi K‡i, wmWv †`‡Lwb| Zey ev‡ci gy‡Li Dc‡i `yg K‡i
KLb Kxfv‡e †h m¤§wZ Rvbvq †KD Rv‡b bv, †Pv‡L c‡o bv? †m e‡j †d‡jÑ Avwg Zzgvi gZb evc&wR|
`yÕw`b ci Kzqvkv XvKv GK mKv‡j wejvZ cUj cÖ_‡g AevK nq| ev‡ci wejvZ Avjxi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ b`x fvO‡bi
Avjx GKvB jvwV Vz‡K Vz‡K ZvjZwj G‡m gwZMwZ eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i| GK wPj‡Z kã nq| AvKw¯§K R‡jv”Q¡v‡m †hb-ev †f‡m
†Lv‡`Rv‡K wb‡q c‡_ †b‡g c‡o| †n‡m Reve †h, Zv‡Z Zzgvi Amywewa wKwmi? hvq ey‡Ki weivb f~wg| GKUz GKUz K‡i
Zvici GB `xN© w`‡b †Pbv A‡Pbv †gvjøvevwoi gvQцMvkZ AvBwb †Zv gv ˆZwi Kiv c~e©wm×všÍ †f‡OPz‡i hvq wb‡g‡lB|
KZ c_ cvwo w`‡q‡Q wejvZ Avjx, KZ bv Zzgv‡KB LvIqvq| cuywU‡K ey‡Ki g‡a¨ Rvc‡U a‡i †m WzK‡i
w`Mw`MšÍ| jvwVi GK cÖvšÍ nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq iv‡M gv_vi Puvw` R¡‡j wejvZ Avjxi, I‡VÑ Avgvi gZB †Zv nwe, ZzB †h Avgvi
a‡i †Kv_vq †h †U‡b wb‡q hvq †Lv‡`Rv, gy‡Li AvMj L‡m c‡o, gv!
ZLb †PbvRvbv PivPiI fxlY A‡Pbv g‡b Ñ IB gvQ-†Mvk‡Z Avwg gywZ| Avwg Lve wejvZ Avjxi gy‡Vv †_‡K †µvafwZ©
nq; cv‡qi Z‡j ay‡jvKv`v A‡Pbv myomywo‡Z †Zvi BbKv‡g eywSwQm? †ejyb KLb Avj‡Mv‡Q †du‡m hvq, †m †UiB
mie nq, nVvr nvIqvq †f‡m Av‡m A‡Pbv Ñ Av”Qv, ZvB Lvqy| cvq bv|
myi| ˆP‡Îi GK wSgaiv ga¨v‡ý †Ziv¯Ívi ev‡ci B‡”QgZ evB‡i hvIqv eÜ Kiv iwdKzi ikx` wkÿK, K_vKvi

16
 wkeiv‡gi
Rwg`v‡ii i_ ïaygvÎ
PuvP‡ji Rwg`v‡ii
wkitcxovi Kvi‡YB
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bq,
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18
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19
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Kwe‡`i iPbvq e¨eüZ cyivYKíI wbR¯^ e³e¨ cÖKv‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b m~h©‡`e, GLv‡b bvgj mܨv,
wZwb e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Aejxjvq| Uªq hy‡×i m‡½ Kwe mgxK…Z wcjy ev‡ivquvi mܨv
K‡i‡Qb Kziæ‡ÿ·K Avi wMÖK cyiv‡Yi Av‡U©wg‡mi m‡½ mgxK…Z KweZvi mܨv
K‡i‡Qb fviZcyiv‡Yi De©kx‡K| Zuvi †Pvivevwj Kv‡e¨I cyiv‡Yi (U¤úv Vswi)
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20
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_‡i _‡i ¸ßPi R‡j ¯’‡j evqynxb †gN| I iweK‡iv¾¡j wbR †`‡k (1380)| ms‡KZ I `y‡f©`¨ LoKz‡Uv,
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21
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wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ms¯‹…Z ficyi wQj Zuvi AšÍivZ¥v| wZwb me©‡gvU K‡ib 1914-Õ15 wLª. ch©šÍ| 1915-Õ19 wLª.
ch©šÍ wZwb PweŸk ciMbvi ewkinv‡U AvBb
I evsjv wefv‡Mi AvVv‡ivwU fvlv AvqZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡Z
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nb| g~jZ Ggbme Kj¨vYgq Kg©mswkøóZvi
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XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q KjKvZvi †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡K 1906 Kvi‡Y wZwb evOvwji wPšÍvKg©‰ef‡ei †gŠwjK
PvwiΨ-m¤ú‡K© AvMÖnx n‡q D‡V wQ‡jb|
wLª. DËxY© nb Gd.G.| ûMwj K‡j‡R
Aa¨vcbvB Zvi cov‡jLv K‡ib 1906-Õ08 wLª. ch©šÍ| evOvwji †gŠwLK-ˆjwLK msjvc, aŸwbZvwË¡K
cwimi Z_v fvlvZvwË¡K cÖKiY-m¤ú‡K©
Rxe‡bi me©‡c‡ÿv c‡i, Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y cov‡jLvq mvgwqK
weiwZ NU‡jI 1910 wLª÷v‡ã KjKvZv wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q W. `x‡bkP›`ª
†m‡bi ZË¡veav‡b kirP›`ª jvwnox M‡elYv-
Zvrch©c~Y© Aa¨vq ... wmwU K‡jR †_‡K wZwb ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Abvm©mn

22
mnKvix wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| 1921 wLª. wZb. Z`vbxšÍb cvwK¯Ívb miKvi-cÖ`Ë ÔcÖvBW Ad
wZwb †hvM †`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ms¯‹…Z W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn wQ‡jb mvs¯‹…- dvidig¨vÝÕ cyi¯‹vi AR©b K‡ib| 1967
I evsjv wefv‡Mi cÖfvlK c‡`| g~jZ wZK `vk©wbK| ZvB evOvwji fvlvm¤ú„³ wLª. wZwb AR©b K‡ib ÔbvBU Ad w` AW©vim&
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbvB Zvi Rxe‡bi eyw׉RewbK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi g~jm~Î Avwe®‹vi Ad AvU© †jUvm©Õ cyi¯‹vi| wZwb ÔBmjvgx
me©‡c‡ÿv Zvrch©c~Y© Aa¨vq| G ch©v‡q wZwb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| †m-Kvi‡Y wek¦we`¨vjq KwgkbÕ m`m¨ c` (1963-Õ64
n‡q I‡Vb AvZ¥`k©x cwÊZ| wZwb Dcjwä wZwb evOvwji mvgvwRK fvlvZvwË¡K-mvwnwZ¨K wLª.), ÔBmjvgx GKv‡WgxÕ Kvh©wbe©vnx KwgwUi
K‡ib †h, fvwlK Awfe¨w³B Rb-AvZ¥vi msMVbvq mwµq n‡qwQ‡jb| m`m¨c` (1963-Õ64 wLª.), evsjv GKv‡Wgx
AšÍtPvwi‡Î¨i g~j `xw߯^iƒc| aŸb¨v‡jvK wZwb 1911 wLª. e½xq gymjgvb mwgwZi cwÄKvi ZvwiL-web¨vm KwgwUi mfvcwZ-c`,
g‡bv‡jv‡Ki cÖwZfvm| wek¦‡R¨vwZg©q nIqvi KY©avi nq| 1917 wLª. wZwb e½xq gymjgvb Av`gRx mvwnZ¨-cyi¯‹vi I `vD` mvwnZ¨
j‡ÿ¨ 1962 wLª. wZwb d«vÝ Mgb K‡ib| mvwnZ¨-m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1926 cyi¯‹vi KwgwUi mfvcwZ c` AjsK…Z
c¨vwim wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb ˆew`K fvlv, wLª. †hvM †`b gymwjg mvwnZ¨-m‡¤§j‡b| K‡ib| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgxi c~e© cvwK¯Ívbx
†eŠ× ms¯‹…Z, Zzjbvg~jK fvlvZË¡, wZeŸZx wbwLje½ hyeKm‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`b 1928 wLª.| fvlvi Av`k© AwfavbÕ cÖKí (1956-Õ60
I cªvPxb dvwm© fvlvq ey¨rcwË jvf K‡ib| nvq`ªvev‡` wjwLZ fviZ cÖvP¨we`¨v m‡¤§j‡bi wLª.), D`y©-Dbœqb ms¯’vi ÔD`©y-Awfavb cÖKíÕ
Rvg©vwbi d«vBeyM© we`¨vjq †_‡K AvqZ¡ K‡ib fvlvZZË¡ kvLvq mswkøó nb 1941 wLª.| c~e© (1956-Õ60 wLª.) Ges Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl-
cÖvPxb †LvZwb, cÖvPxb fviZxq ˆew`K ms¯‹…Z cvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨-m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`b 1948 cÖKíÕ (1961-Õ64 wLª.)-Gi w`Mwb‡`©kK
I cÖvK…Z fvlv| 1928 wLª. wZwb cÖvPxb evsjv wLª.| gv`ªv‡R B›Uvib¨vkbvj †mwgbvi Ab wQ‡jb| m‡e©vcwi, wZwb wQ‡jb gvZ…fvlv
fvlvwb`k©b Ph©vc`vejx wel‡q M‡elYv K‡i UªvwWkbvj KvjPvi Bb mvD_ÑB÷ Gwkqv‡Z Ôevsjv-PvP©vi GK gnxqvb KvÊix| ivóªvfvlv-
c¨vwi‡mi mi‡evb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K jvf wZwb BD‡b‡¯‹vi cÖwZwbwa g‡bvbxZ nb| wn‡m‡e D`©yi cwie‡Z© evsjvi †hŠw³K `vwe
K‡ib wW.wjU wWwMÖ| wZwb aŸwbZ‡Ë¡ †gŠwjK Zvi Ggb me D¾¡j AR©b Zuvi fvlvZvwË¡K wZwbB cÖ_g Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|
M‡elYvi R‡b¨ wW‡cøv-†dvb wWwMÖI AR©b cÖÁvwaKvi Ges Rbgb-mgybœwZÑmsiÿYx
K‡ib c¨vwim wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K| Gici
cuvP.
mvwnZ¨PP©vwaKv‡ii cÖvgvY¨¯^iƒc n‡qwQj| W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni iPbvcwÄ: wm›`ev`
cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib ¯^‡`‡k| cybivq †hvM`vb Zuvi iwPZ fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZwelqK mI`vM‡ii Mí (1922) fvlv I mvwnZ¨
K‡ib XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q| cÖeÜvewj‡Z Ggb mZ¨ D”PwKZ n‡q‡Q| (1931) evsjv e¨vKiY (1963), `xIqvb-B
1937 wLª. wZwb evsjv wefv‡Mi wZwb evOvwji gbb`y¨wZ m¤f~Z m¤¢vi Ôevsjv nvwdR (1938), wkKIqvn& RIqve-B-
Aa¨ÿ-c‡` weiZ nb| Aemi MÖnY K‡ib fvlvÕi ggZvgq AvwaKvwiK-wn‡m‡eB wkKIqvn& (1942), iæevBqvr-B Dgi Lq¨vg
1944 wLª.| cieZ©xKv‡j 1948 wLª. wZwb `xcg¨vb n‡qwQ‡jb| (1942) Essays on Islam (1945),
e¸ov AvwRRyj nK K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ-c‡` Avgv‡`i mgm¨v (1949), cÙveZx (1950)
†hvM`vb K‡ib| GKB mv‡j wZwb XvKv Pvi. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v (1g LÊ-1953,
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨vwZwi³ Aa¨vcK nb| weï× ag©vqZwbK AfxÝv I †gŠwjK 2q LÊ-1965), evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm
Kjv Abyl‡`i wWb c`I AjsK…Z K‡ib gvbweK wPšÍKg©-Abya¨vb Z_v hyw³ I (1957), evsjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë (1959)
wZwb| AvBb I AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK© wefv‡Mi weÁvbwbô Kj¨vYKg©cÖ‡hvRbv‡ZI W. gyn¤§` KziAvb kixd (1963) Agi Kve¨ (1963),
LÊKvjxY Aa¨vcK c‡` Amxb wQ‡jb 1953- knx`yjøvn wQ‡jb AvZ¥`xß| ms¯‹…Z, evsjv, †mKv‡ji iƒcK_v (1965), AvÂwjK
Õ55 wLª. ch©šÍ| 1955-Õ58 wLª. ch©šÍ wZwb Bs‡iwR, Aviwe, dviwm, cvwj, cÖvK…Z, fvlvi Awfavb (m¤úv`bv), Traditional
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv I ms¯‹…Z AvÂwjK Dcfvl¨mn wewfbœ fvlvevwnZ Culture in East Pakistan (1961,
wefv‡Mi Aa¨ÿ wQ‡jb| 1967 wLª. wZwb ms¯‹…wZ‰PZ‡b¨i g~jm~Î-A‡š^lYB wQj Buddhist Mistic Songs (1960),
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ÔcÖ‡dmi A¨v‡gwiUvmÕ Zvi IR¯^x Kg©evnvi| Zvi AwR©Z wewfbœ Ph©vc‡`i Abyev`|
wbhy³ nb| cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvB Zvi cÖvgvY¨¯^iƒc| wZwb W. m›`xcK gwjøK wkÿvwe`, cªvewÜK

23
K we Zv

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wKiYgwÊZ Mf©Kzmy‡gi †LuvR cvq mvwenvi gyLLvbv Kx my›`i †mvbvi eiY
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24
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25
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26
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mvm©, RvcvwbR Gb‡mdvjvBwUm Ges cyseܨv‡Z¡i eskMZxq KviY: cÖgvY:
Gwfqvb d¬z, AvšÍR©vwZK evav AwZµg cyseܨv‡Z¡i GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY nj mviv c„w_ex‡Z wmwmGgwe-i weÁvbxiv
K‡i mviv c„w_exi gvby‡li †fvMvwšÍi KviY Awj‡MvA¨vm‡_v¯úviwgqv Ges Gi ˆewkó¨ cÖ_g ÷ª¨v‡Uv‡ùqvi †_‡K msMÖn Kiv evqyi
n‡q‡Q, †m wel‡q M‡elYv Kiv| GLv‡b nj ex‡h©i wbgœ ¸YMZ gvb Ges ïµvYyi bgybv †_‡K PviwU bZzb e¨vK‡Uwiqv †hgb
AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡bi ev‡qvjwRK¨vj †mdwU Kg PjbkxjZv| gvB‡UvKwÛªqvj wWGbG- e¨vwmjvm Awiqvm, e¨vwmjvm G‡ivdvBjvm,
†j‡fj 4 my‡hvMÑmyweav Av‡Q, hv‡Z K‡i Gi wgD‡Uk‡bi Rb¨ ïµvYyi PjbkxjZv e¨vwmjvm ÷ª¨v‡Uv‡ùwiKvm Ges e¨vwmjvm
Gme gvivZ¥K †ivMxRxevYy fvjfv‡e msiÿY A‡bKvs‡k cÖfvweZ nq| AjwUPzwWbvm kbv³ K‡i‡Qb| G‡`i Abb¨
Kiv hvq| G wel‡q ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i cÖRvwZi kbv³Ki‡Yi AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡bi ˆewkó¨ GB †h, Giv D”P gvÎvi AwZ‡e¸wb
†gwWK¨vj ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †KŠkj: iwk¥ mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AÜ«cÖ‡`k miKvi wmwmGgwe-†K cuvP GKi cÖvYx cÖRvwZi `ªæZ I mwVK †Pv‡Li msµg‡Y wWGbG g¨v‡µvwPc:
Rwg eivÏ K‡i‡Q| ev‡qvjwRK¨vj †mdwU kbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ wmwmGgwe GKwU mij wmwmGgwe-i weÁvbxiv Ggb Abb¨
†j‡fj 4 my‡hvM-myweav _vKvq wbcv fvBivm, c×wZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| cÖKv‡ii †cÖve D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb, hv †Pv‡Li
I‡q÷ bvBj fvBivm Ges GiKg Ab¨vb¨ jyßcÖvq Av›`vgvwbR‡`i Drm: msµg‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx 15wU AYyRxe‡K kbv³
†ivMm„wóKvix G‡R‡›Ui nVvr K‡i cªv`yf©v‡ei wmwmGgwe-i weÁvbxiv eZ©gv‡bi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB cªhyw³ wewfbœ nvmcvZv‡j
ˆeÁvwbK g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| wZbwU Av›`vgvwbR †Mv‡Îi m`m¨‡`i wWGbG ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cixÿv K‡i‡Qb| eskMZxq cixÿvi djvdj
Uªv݇jkbvj M‡elYv wb‡`©k K‡i †h, Av›`vgv‡bi `yÕwU †MvÎ cÖvq wbkx_Kzgvi cvj wkÿvwe`, weÁvb †jLK
nvq`ªvev‡`i wbRvg Bbw÷wUDU Ad †gwWK¨vj mËi nvRvi eQi c~‡e© Avwd«Kv †_‡K AvMZ
mv‡q‡Ým-Gi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M wmwmGgwe †÷g †jvK‡`i eskai|
†Kvl I wi‡Rbv‡iwUf †gwWwm‡bi Rb¨ GKwU †ivMcÖwZ‡ivax av‡bi RvZ D™¢veb:
bZzb wK¬wbK¨vj d¨vwmwjwU M‡o Zzj‡Z hv‡”Q| av‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg fvj RvZ nj
wmwmGgwe-Gi G cÖ¯Íve fviZ miKv‡ii Ômv¤^v gvnmywiÕ| KviY Gi djb †ewk Ges
wWcvU©‡g›U Ad mv‡qÝ GÛ †UK‡bvjwR ¸YMZ gvbI fvj| Z‡e GwU e¨vK‡Uwiqvj
Aby‡gv`b I MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b cÖ_g wjd eøvBU †ivMmn KwZcq †iv‡M mn‡RB
`kvq †mj I wUmy¨ BwÄwbqvwis, wecwiYwZ ms‡e`bkxj| nvq`ªvev‡`i WvB‡iKU‡iU
I †iv‡M †i¸‡jUwi AviGbG, †÷g †Kvl Ad ivBm wimv‡P©i mn‡hvwMZvq GLvbKvi
M‡elYv I dvskbvj GgAviAvB-Gi my‡hvM- weÁvbxiv Ômv¤^v gvnmywiÕ RvZ †_‡K bZzb
myweav _vK‡e| wmGgAvBAvi-Gi fvBm RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z g~j Rv‡Zi djb
†cÖwm‡W›U Ges mv‡qÝ GÛ †UK‡bvwjR GÛ I ¸YMZ gvb A¶zYœ †i‡L e¨vK‡Uwiqvj wjd
Av_©-mv‡qÝ Gi †K›`ªxq gš¿x Kwcj wmevj eøvBU cÖwZ‡ivax n‡q‡Q|
Gi wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb K‡ib 2007 mv‡ji 3 †R‡bwUK¨vwj BwÄwbqvW© GbRvBg:
b‡f¤^i| GKwU jvB‡cR GbRvBg D™¢veb Kiv
n‡q‡Q hv GZ D”P ZvcgvÎv mn¨ Ki‡Z
K…wZZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb cv‡i †h, wWUvi‡R›U ˆZwi‡Z G‡K e¨envi
wmwmGgwe-i weÁvbxiv B‡Zvg‡a¨B wKQz wKQz Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| e¨vwmjvm mvewUwjm bvgK
†ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb †hgb- e¨vK‡Uwiqvg †_‡K GKwU jvB‡cR wRb c„_K
wj½ wba©vi‡Yi AvYweK wfwË: K‡i, G‡Z wgD‡Uk‡bi gva¨‡g eskMZxq
eª¨v‡ÛW †µBU ¯¿x mvc †_‡K wj½ cwieZ©b NwU‡q Aci GKwU e¨vK‡Uwiqvg
†µvg‡Rvg-mywbw`©ó gvBbi m¨v‡UjvBU Gm‡KwiwPqv †KvjvB‡Z cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q,
wWGbG c„_K Kiv n‡q‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g wj½ hv GB †cÖvwUb ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg| G iKg
Ges Kjv mywbw`©ó (BKm) we‡KGg mshy³ nvRvi nvRvi †cÖvwUb evQvB K‡i Ggb
GKwU †cÖvwUb c„_KxKi‡Yi evav `~i n‡q‡Q| †cÖvwUb c„_K Kiv n‡q‡Q hv D”P Zvc mn¨
†µvgvwUb Kbdi‡gkb gWz‡jwUs Ges wj½ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†µvg‡Rv‡gi wµqvKjv‡c GwU Ask †bq| c¨vbwµ‡qUvBwU‡mi m‡½ hy³ bZzb wRb:
wWGbG wdsMvi wcÖw›Us cÖhyw³: µwbK c¨vbwµ‡qUvBwUm †cŠwóK
wmwmGgwe fvi‡Z cª_g wWGbG wdsMvi bvwji GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½ c¨vbwµqvm
wcÖw›Us Gi Rb¨ GKwU BKm D™¢~Z †cÖve ev AMœ¨vkq‡K A‡K‡Rv K‡i †`q|
D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| d‡ibwmK Z_¨vbymÜvb, nvq`ªvev‡`i Gwkqvb Bbw÷wUDU Ad

29
 avivevwnK Dcb¨vm

cowk emZ K‡i

A g i wg Î

Qq.
iv‡R¨k¦i Lei w`‡qwQj †h‡Z, ejj, `v`v GKevi Avvmyb, KvMRcËi Kwc bv _vK‡j Avwg Kx K‡i K_v eje,
L‡Ïi wd‡i hv‡”Q|
hZxb †Mj cÖvq †`ogv‡mi gv_vq| fiv el©v| †fwoi Rj LjLj Ki‡Q| R‡j †g‡Ni Nb Qvqv c‡o‡Q| hZxb
QvZv gv_vq nuvUwQj| wKš‘ GKUz nuvU‡ZB Zvi eyK fvi n‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| †Ui cvw”Qj uKvwj`vm Avevi wcQz
a‡i‡Q| Ggb RjR AvenIqvq g„‡Ziv cÖvY cvq| uKvwj`vm me©v½ wb‡q †R‡M D‡V‡Q Zvi wfZi| †m `uvovq|
Kx Ki‡e †m? `yaKzgvi fMevb wK Ggb el©vi w`‡b evwo Av‡Q? hZxb wmMv‡iU awi‡q A‡cÿv Ki‡Z jvMj|
GB A‡cÿvi A_© †m hv‡e †Kv_vq Zv wb‡Ri KvQ †_‡K †R‡b †bIqv| hLb RMrcyi-a~wjni †Q‡oB hv‡”Q
ZLb Avi †Kvb gvqv ivL‡e bv GLv‡b| Kv‡jv R‡j †XD DVwQj cyevjx evZv‡m| hZxb nuvU‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij|
†Nv‡ii wfZi †nu‡U hvw”Qj †m| †Kv_vq †cuŠQ‡e Rv‡b bv| wKš‘ GKUv †Kv_vI †cuŠQ‡eB|
evwoUvi mvg‡b G‡m `uvovj| Kx wbtSzg| †Kv_vI †KD †bB| hZx‡bi wfZ‡i Kv‡jv Rj AvQ‡o coj †hb|
mgy`ª DËvj nj| †m WvK w`j, `yaKzgvi, I `yaKzgvi|
†Kvb mvov †cj bv| wfZi †_‡K AvMj †`Iqv gv‡b †jvK Av‡Q wfZ‡i| †m Av‡Q| fiv el©vi w`‡b Nywg‡q
Av‡Q nq‡Zv| hZxb Av‡mwb A‡bK w`b| G‡mwQj Gi wfZ‡i GKevi, evwo †_‡K evwo| hZxb WvKj,
`yaKzgvi AvQ bvwK?
mvov †bB| hZxb fvej eviv›`vq D‡V `iRvq †UvKv †`q| eviv›`vq DV‡Z hv‡e ZLb †hb mvov cvq| `iRv
Lyj‡Q| Lyjj `iRv| G‡jv‡g‡jv cv‡q Puv`wb `uvwo‡q Av‡Q `iRvi gy‡L| ey‡Ki Kv‡Q AuvPj †djv wKš‘ Mv‡q
†Kvb eøvDR †bB| gyLLvwb W¨vg W¨vg Ki‡Q| Nywg‡q wQj bvwK?

30
 gv_v bvoj `yaKzgv‡ii eD, ejj, Kx Ly‡j w`e, Gm, Zzwg †Zv jy‡Uiv, Rwgi KvMR wQj| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ cvij bv| hZx‡bi fq
g‡b K‡i wVK `ycyi †ejv? Kvi †Luv‡R? `yaKzgvi †K‡o wbB‡Q, I Rvbj Kx K‡i, Zzwg KiwQj| `yaKzgvi Avi fMevb †ev‡S jvf!
`yaKzgvi †bB? e‡jQ? GLb hw` †Kbv‡ePvi `vjvwjUv Ki‡Z cv‡i,
bv †bB, _vK‡c bv †Zv Rvbv K_v| bv, bv, Avwg eje †Kb? Zv‡ZB Zviv Lywk| Puv`wb cv‡iwb AvUKv‡Z,
fMevb? hv, hv, P‡j hv, Gw`K cv‡b Avi hw` wbðqB Zv Puv`wbi †`vl| Puv`wb‡K Kg
†KD †bB †Zv †R‡b G‡qQ Avcwb? †`wL| my‡hvM †Zv Zviv †`qwb|
Puv`wb! hZxb Pvcv Mjvq WvK w`j| Kx ejQ Zzwg| gb Lvivc bvwK? wR‡Ám Kij mviv|
Puv`wb ejj, evwo †Zv ivLQ bv? hv ejwQ wVK, †di hw` I gyL †`wL bv, GZ e„wó bvgj|
ivL‡Z cviwQ‡b| Avwg †jvK WvKe, †jvK hw` WvwK, ewj Zzwg e„wóKv‡j e„wó bvg‡e bv| e‡j nvmj
Avgvi f‡q `v`vevey? Avgvi Kvco Ly‡j w`B‡Qv †Rvi K‡i, evwo mviv, ejj, _vK‡ZB cvi‡Z G‡L‡b KvKv,
bv Zv †Kb, Zzwg AvQ †Kgb? Zzgvi _vK‡e bv Zzwg _vKev? _vK‡j fvj nZ|
fvj AvwQ, evwoB hw` bv _v‡K †Zv hZx‡bi gyL Kv‡jv| Zvi gv_vq fvix iv‡R¨k¦i ZLb N‡i wQj bv| mviv
G‡j †Kb? nvZzwoi Nv cowQj †hb| Puv`wb Mv‡q Kvco e‡mwQj †g‡S‡Z Dey n‡q, ejj, Zzwg _vK‡j
hZxb †XvK wMjj, †`LwQj `yaKzgv‡ii Zz‡j †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q, Pvcv Mjvq ej‡Q, Giv GUUz mg‡S PjZ|
eD‡qi `yÕ‡PvL †hb Av¸‡bi †Mvjv n‡q †jv‡Ki †Zv Lye †jvf B `¨vnLvwbi Dci, Kv‡K mg‡S PjZ?
†M‡Q| D‡ËRbvq _i_i Ki‡Q| ej‡Q, †hb Lye‡j Lvq, wM‡j Lvq, †jv‡K hw` †kv‡b me wel‡q, Giv †Zv aiv‡K miv Ávb K‡i|
KZevi ejjvg Avgv‡i ivLwb K‡i iv‡Lv Zzwg †c‡qQ, Qvo‡e? I evwo `Lj K‡i hZxb ejj, ïay ïay evwoUv c‡o
`v`vevey, I‡L‡b iv‡Lv, Zzwg we‡PB w`ev| †f‡OPz‡i †kl Kwi w`‡e, hv hv fvM ïqv‡ii _vK‡e|
Avwg †Zv Avi Avme bv mcwiev‡i| ev”Pv G‡Lb †_‡K, †g‡qgvbl †`Lwj wR‡f me nvivwg me nvivwg| wnm wnm K‡i
Zv †R‡bB †Zv e‡jwQjvg, AZUv wb‡j Rj Av‡m †Zvi, †K‡b eDgvwM †`q bv? I‡V mviv, nvivwgiv me w`‡K Av‡Q, wew°wi
Avgvi, †Zvgvi g‡b †Kvb `qvÑgvqv †bB, hZxb gv_v bvwg‡q, cÖvq †_uZjv‡bv KiQ fvj KiQ, G evwo‡Z Gici bóvwg nZ
fvjevmvI †bB| gv_v wb‡q giYvcbœ mixm„‡ci gZ wcwQ‡q ïay|
bv Zv bq, Avwg †h cvie bv| †h‡Z _v‡K| gvbyl AvkvnZ n‡q GZLvwb hZxb ejj, Zzwg hvI|
Zzwg GB‡U ej‡Z G‡j? wnsmª n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i †h †m wel‡q †Kvb †Kb KvKvevey, ZzwgI †Zv bó nw”Q‡j,
hZxb ejj, †Zvgv‡K ej‡Z Gjvg aviYvB wQj bv †kŠLxb kû‡i iæwPevb gvbyl Avwg wK Rvwb †b, fvj n‡q‡Q Zey wdi‡Z
Puv`wb| hZxb emyi| cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi fvlvI †h GZLvwb cvi‡j, †Zvgvi †jLvcov Av‡Q ZvB|
Kx ejev, me jy‡Ucy‡U †L‡q ejev P‡j iƒp n‡Z cv‡i ZvI RvbZ bv †m| Ny‡i hZxb Pv‡q PzgyK w`‡Z w`‡Z ïbwQj
hvw”Q| ZvKv‡Z B‡”Q KiwQj| GZLvwb Acgv‡bi `yaKzgv‡ii eDUv KZ Lvivc| ev‡ivfvZvwi
hZxb Pzc K‡i Av‡Q| Puv`wb `iRv ciI g‡b nw”Qj †m hw` P‡j hvq, GB P‡j e‡j mviv Mv‡qi Svj Svoj| ejwQj,
†_‡K bo‡Q bv| hZxb GKUz mgq ev‡` hvIqv wPiKv‡ji gZ n‡q hv‡e| †m wK GKUz G‡L‡bi me Lvivc, cyiælgvbyl¸‡jv †Zv g`
ejj, e‡j †Mjvg, hvB| `uvov‡e| D‡ËRbv Kg‡j wK Zv‡K cyi‡bv Avi †g‡qgvbyl Qvov wKQz †ev‡S bv, G‡L‡bi
`uvovI| M‡R© DVj Puv`wb| Kɯ^i wb‡q WvK †`‡e `yaKzgv‡ii eD| e„wó evZvmB Lvivc|
hZxb `uvovj| Zvi fq KiwQj| G Kx †Rv‡i bvgj| hZxb QvZvi wfZ‡i †_‡KI hZxb ejj, Gfv‡e k¦ïievwoi wb‡›`
Kij †m? †Kb Gj? Puv`wb WvK w`j, wfZ‡i wf‡R hvw”Qj| †g‡N †Nvi n‡q G‡mwQj me K‡i †KD?
Avmev bvwK? w`K| AvKvk †_‡K †g‡Ni Kv‡jv Qvqv †b‡g K‡i Av‡¼j, Avcwb wb‡R †ev‡Sbwb?
gv_v bv‡o hZxb, bv _vK| G‡m †Q‡q †djwQj RMrcyi| †m nuvU‡Z Kx eySe?
_vK‡e †Kb, †g‡qgvbyl Lye k¯Ív †Zv, Avi¤¢ Kij| Avwg Kx K‡i ewj?
Gm| wfR‡Z wfR‡Z †m †cuŠQj hLb evwo‡Z hZxb ejj, hv ï‡bQ Zv wg‡_¨|
hZxb ejj, hvB| iv‡R¨k¦i Nywg‡qwQj| Zv‡K WvK‡Z nj| †m wg‡_¨ nwj fvj Av‡¼j, Avwg Zzgv‡K
hvev †Kb Gm, Zzwg evwo wePQ, `vjvwj kke¨¯Í n‡q coj hZxb‡K †`‡L, mvivÑ KZ †im‡c± Kwi, Zzwg RMrcy‡ii evZv‡m bó
Ki‡Q Avgvi gK©UUv, †m Avgv‡i †Quvq bv mi¯^Zx‡K WvKj, Pv K‡i Avb, cuvco fvR, n‡qv bv, Avi wg‡_¨ †h bv Zv Avwg Rvwb|
†Kvbw`b, evwo wePvi K_v wK Avwg RvbZvg `¨vL `v`vi Kx Ae¯’v, jyw½ †`e? hZxb ejj, _vK Gme, Avwg Avi
bv? gv_v bv‡o hZxb, ejj, el©vKv‡j †Zv KÕw`b, evwo †Zv _vK‡e bv|
hZxb fvej hvq| Ny‡iB †`Šoq gvV wfR‡Z n‡eB| Kv‡i †ePwZQ, gybœv‡i †Zv?
†e‡q| G‡Kev‡i ev‡ivKcv‡Ui Lv‡ji w`‡K| `uvov‡Z cvi‡Zb, †Rvi e„wó‡Zv †b‡g‡Q hZxb ejj, I G‡L‡b G‡m hw` Lvivc
wKš‘ cv `yÕ†Uv †h fvi n‡q Av‡Q| bo‡Z A‡bK mgq| n‡q hvq?
cv‡i bv| Puv`wb WvKj Avevi, Gm| hZxb wKQz ejj bv| Zvi gb wewÿß fvj †jvK Avmvi `iKvi G‡L‡b, bv
bv Puv`wb, Avwg hw` bvB _vwK hvB? n‡qwQj| wei³ jvMwQj| g‡b nj †m Avevi nwj G RvqMvi cvc hv‡e bv|
Gm, †h Rb¨ G‡qQ Rvwb, mva wgwU‡q wdij †Kb evwo‡Z? wd‡i †M‡jB cviZ| †Zvgvi k¦ïi †Mj †Kv_vq?
†`e Gm| GLb hw` AvnZ evwNbx MÜ ïu‡K ïu‡K mviv ejj, I evwo †M Nyg †`‡”Q
hZxb wcQ‡Z _v‡K| eyS‡Z cv‡i GLv‡b P‡j Av‡m? Zvi Lye mva wQj GB nq‡Zv|
bvwMbx dYv Zzj‡Q| duym‡Q| duym‡Z duym‡Z evwo‡Z evm Ki‡e hZx‡bi AvwkªZv n‡q| Avgv‡K ewm‡q †i‡L Nyg!
ey‡Ki AuvPj bvwg‡q w`j A‡bKUv| `iRv Zvi ¯^vgx Avi fMev‡bi †h gZ wQj bv Zv‡Z I Rv‡b Avcwb Ii Kv‡Q G‡q‡Pb, Lye
†_‡K wcwQ‡q †Mj, WvKj, Gm, Gi Rb¨ ZvI mZ¨ bq| me wVK wQj, wKš‘ nVvr †h kv‡qbmv †jvK Avgvi kDi, Lye eyw× Ii, ïay
G‡qP †Zv `v`vevey| hZxb Ab¨ c‡_ nuvU‡e Zv aviYvI wQj bv †jv‡Ki ÿwZ Kivi fvebv gv_vq|
hZxb gv_v bvwg‡q _v‡K| wnmwnm †g‡qgvbylwUi| †g‡qgvbyl n‡q †m GBwUB mvivi m‡½ K_v e‡j hZxb fvigy³
K‡i I‡V `yaKzgv‡ii eD, e‡j, Gm bv me RvbZ Zvi kix‡i hZxb‡K euva‡e| †eu‡aI nw”Qj| G †g‡q fzj K‡i G‡L‡b iv‡R¨k¦i

31
gʇji cyÎea~ n‡q †M‡Q| †m ejj, hvI, Lvq, wKš‘ Avwg Zv Kie bv|
k¦ïi‡K WvK| hZxb ejj, Zzwg Gevi hvI|
Avwg †Kb WvKe, bv Gwj †S‡o †Kb hve, ïbwZ fq Ki‡Q?
†`‡eb| fq Ki‡e †Kb?
hZxb ejj, Zvn‡j Avwg N‡i Zvjv Zvnwj ïbQ bv †Kb, ïbv `iKvi
w`‡q P‡j hvB| Zzgvi, †g‡qgvby‡li K_v †Zv ïbwZ nq bv
evwo †e‡Pv, Zzgvi evwo I wb‡q †Kvbw`b|
†b‡e| hZxb ejj, Avgvi fvj jvM‡Q bv|
hZxb ejj, Zzwg †Zv Ni kÎæ fvj jvM‡e †Kb, `¨v‡Lv Av‡¼j Avwg
wefxlY! †g‡i gie|
n¨uv ZvB, Avgvi gi` Ab¨ †g‡q‡Q‡j hZx‡bi Mv †Ku‡c DVj| GZÿ‡Y †m
wb‡q _vK‡e, Avwg N‡i e‡m Ii ev”Pv cq`v mwZ¨B fq †cj, †KvbiK‡g ejj, gvi‡e
K‡i hve, mviv †m †g‡qgvbyl bv| †Kb, bv cvi‡j ev‡ci evwo hvI|
Kx Ki‡e? Zv‡Z bóvwgi Av‡iv mywe‡a nq, ZvB
Kx Kwi †`L, Kie GKUv wKQz, AZ bv! Ggbfv‡e †kva †be, Iiv Zv fvewZI
mn‡R n‡e bv| cvi‡e bv|
hZxb wR‡Ám Ki‡Q, k¦ïi-kvïwo Kx hZxb D‡V wM‡q Ni †_‡K †ewi‡q Gj,
ej‡Q? m`i `iRvq G‡m ev‡iv dzU iv¯Ívi Icv‡i
Kx ej‡e, kvDwo Rv‡b GUv nq, Zvi `uvovj| ivR¨ gÊj‡K nuvK w`j, I ivR¨evey,
gi`I K‡i‡Q GUv GK mgq| Avwg P‡j hve|
Rvbv K_v hZx‡bi, Avevi ïb‡Q| iv‡R¨k¦i mvov w`j bv| Zvi eDI
mviv D‡V †`Iqv‡j wcV w`‡q `uvovq, e‡j, bv| ïay †ewi‡q Gj iv‡R¨k¦‡ii †QvU †Q‡j,
wKš‘ Avwg I‡`i †Pv‡L m‡l© dzj †`Lve| mvivi ¯^vgx| †ivMv ZvjX¨vOv K…òe‡Y©i
gv_v VvÊv K‡iv| hyeKwU ejj, Nygv‡”Q, Avgvi eD †M‡Q bv,
`¨v‡Lv Av‡¼j, Avgvi gi` Ab¨ mviv, I‡i †W‡K w`b †Zv, ejyb Avwg Gevi
†g‡q‡Q‡j wb‡q _v‡K, †hw`b †d‡i, ivwZ †e‡ive|
Ny‡gi †Nv‡iI Ab¨ †g‡q‡jv‡Ki K_v e‡j, hZxb wR‡Ám Kij, †Kv_vq
Avwg kDi kvDwo‡i ej‡Z Zviv ejj, †ev‡iv‡e?
cyiælgvby‡li Gme _v‡K, bv _vK‡j †m †RvZfxg hve, mviv Rv‡b, I‡i †W‡K
Kx‡mi cyiæl! w`b, Kx Ki‡P GZÿY I‡L‡b, Pv †` †Zv
hZxb ejj, Avwg Gme ï‡bwQ mviv| P‡j Avm‡e|
ejv `iKvi Avevi, †Zvgiv cyiælgvbyl,
†Zvgiv ïay †g‡qgvbyl VKvwZB AvQ, ivM mvZ.
K‡iv bv Av‡¼j, Zzwg †jLvcov Rvbv †jvK, iv‡R¨k¦i AvnZ nj, KvMR Av‡bbwb! Zvn‡j
Zzgvi esk fvj ZvB m‡i AvmwZ cvi‡j, Kx †`Lve Avwg?
N‡iI PwiË wVK _vKj, Avgvi gi` cvi‡e L‡Ïi‡K wb‡q hv‡eb, Zv‡K †`Le †Zv
bv Zv| Avwg|
_vK, Gme Avgvi fvj jvM‡Q bv| †`‡L Kx Ki‡eb, †hw`b WvKe G
Kx Kie ej Av‡¼j, Kv‡i eje Gme evwo‡ZB Avm‡eb, G‡L‡b nvwKg Avm‡e,
K_v, Aï_ Mv‡Q‡i bv gv‡V‡i? G‡L‡b †iwRw÷ª n‡e, G‡L‡bB UvKv cv‡eb|
hZxb ¯Íä nj| mvivÑ mi¯^Zxi hZxb ejj, AÁvZKzjkx‡ji Kv‡Q
`yÕ‡PvL w`‡q Rj Mwo‡q co‡Q| ej‡Q, Zzwg w`‡q †`e evwo?
evwo we‡P w`ev Av‡¼j, Avgvi Lye Kó n‡”Q Kvi Kv‡Q †`b Zv‡Z Avcbvi `iKvi
`ytL n‡”Q, evwoUv †Qj, Zzwg Avm‡Z, Zzgv‡i Kx?
`yÕ‡Uv K_v ejZvg, Gev‡i Avwg †evev n‡q hZxb G wb‡q Avi K_v evovj bv|
_vKe| iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, L‡Ïi wb‡q Avcbvi evwo
hZxb ejj, Avwg ivR¨evey‡K eje| hve, KvMRcËi †Ri· K‡i ivL‡eb, Avgvi
Kx ejev, I wK Rv‡b bv, e‡j‡Q †Q‡j Kv‡Q KvMR †bB A_P gybœv KvMR wb‡q cø¨vb
hv Ki‡Q KiwZ w`wZ, gi‡`i e¨vcv‡i AZ wb‡q Nyi‡Q|
gv_v MjvwZ †bB| Avwg Rvwb bv †Zv| hZxb wg‡_¨
hZxb Pzc K‡i _vKj| Kx ej‡e †m? ejj|
wb‡RI †Zv mi¯^Zxi ¯^vgxi †P‡q Avjv`v wKQz Rv‡bb bv †Zv †K w`j, `yaKzgv‡ii
bv| mi¯^Zx ej‡Q, Z‡e Avwg Qvoe bv| eD?
Kx Ki‡e? hZxb ejj, Avwg hvB|
hLb Kie, †`LwZ cvev Av‡¼j| KvMR jvM‡e `v`v, KvMR Qvov wKQz
iv‡Mi gv_vq wb‡Ri ÿwZ †Kv‡iv bv| n‡e bv|
Gm‡e †g‡qgvbyl Mjvq `wo †`q, wel hZxb K_v ejj bv| e„wó †_‡g †M‡Q

32
A‡bK mgq| RMrcy‡i AKvjmܨv bvg‡Q| Av‡i `v`v, Gevi Ii bvbv‡K wb‡q
†m †ewi‡q co‡Z iv‡R¨k¦i Zv‡K AbymiY G‡mwQj, †m ey‡ov †Pv‡L `¨v‡L bv, Kv‡b
Kij| nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z ejj, GB †h Avcwb †kv‡b bv, †m Nyi‡Z jvMj evwoi Pvicv‡k
†e‡P w`‡”Qb, fvj wm×všÍ `v`v, G‡L‡b evwo gybœv‡K wb‡q| hZxb AevK n‡q †Mj, wR‡Ám
ivL‡j Avcbvi fvj nZ bv, mn¨ Ki‡Z K‡i, K‡e nj?
cvi‡Zb bv| GB †Zv †Mj ciï, Avwg XzK‡Z
hZxb ejj, ZvB g‡b n‡”Q? w`Bwb|
nu¨v `v`v, Av‡M Avwg mvq w`Bwb, c‡i †Kb w`‡jb bv?
w`jvg, Zvi KviY IBUv, Avcwb KznwKbx †`e bv, Avwg †ePwQ Avcbvi n‡q,
WvwKbxi cvjøvq c‡owQ‡jb| Avwg hv‡K B‡”Q †`Lve, hv‡K B‡”Q †`Lve
hZxb Pg‡K DVj, ÔKznwKbx WvwKbxÕ- bv|
GB kã RMrcy‡i Qvov †Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e? †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ UvKv wb‡”Qb?
iv‡R¨k¦i wbwe©Kvifv‡e ejwQj, Avwg †Kb, I Avcbv‡K fve‡Z n‡e bv, evwoUv wK
A‡b‡KB Rv‡b `v`v, Avcbvi B‡gR bó n‡q dvjZz, AvKvk †_‡K c‡o‡Q? PvB‡jB `iRv
hvw”Qj| Ly‡j †`e †`Lvi Rb¨|
hZxb eySj mivmwi hvIqvB fvj, †m hZxb nuvUwQj| †ejv dzwi‡q hvIqvi
ejj, B‡g‡R Kx n‡e? gZ cÖK…wZi Av‡jvI wbt‡kl nj cÖvq|
Kx n‡e gv‡b, B‡gRB nj me, Avcwb R‡ji gZ AÜKvi Ave„Z Ki‡‡Q RMrcy‡ii
hv Ki‡eb †Mvc‡b Ki‡eb, †jv‡K †hb bv PivPi|
Rv‡b, wKš‘ AvcbviUv †R‡b †M‡Q A‡b‡K| iv‡R¨k¦i ejwQj, ey‡ovUv‡K wb‡q
Zv‡Z Avgvi Kx? evwoi Pvicv‡k cvK w`j gybœv|
bv Avcbvi wKQz bv, wKš‘ †g‡qgvbylUv Bm! evwoUv Ii Lye cQ›` n‡q‡Q|
Avcbv‡K cv‡K cv‡K Rwo‡q wbw”Qj, Gici cQ›` n‡ZB cv‡i, ZvB e‡j †c‡Z
`g AvU‡K nuvmduvm Ki‡Zb, Avcbvi me n‡e|
†hZ| hZxb ejj, wKb‡e †Zv|
hZxb ejj, _vK, hv nqwb Zv e‡j Kx KZw`b a‡i wKb‡e gkvq wZb gvm
n‡e? n‡q †Mj|
n‡q hvw”Qj, wKš‘ Avcwb †ewi‡q G‡jb, mvP© Ki‡Q|
G‡L‡b _vK‡j IB †g‡qgvbyl Avcbv‡K MÖvm mvwP©s-G GZ mgq jv‡M! UvKv w`b,
KiZ `v`v| KZ mvwP©s G‡b †`e Zvi wVK †bB, †`Lyb
hZxb ejj, n‡q‡Q, Avcwb Gevi `v`v Ii †Kvg‡i †Rvi †bB|
hvb| Zv‡Z Avgvi Kx?
hvw”Q, Avwg L‡Ïi wb‡q hvw”Q, Am‡gi evn&! L‡Ïi kuvmvj wK bv †`L‡Z n‡e
†mB †jvK, Av‡M e‡jwQjvg AZ eøvw÷s bv|
n‡”Q, †jvK gi‡Q, Zvici Ab¨ Sv‡gjv L‡Ïi †Kgb †jvK, ZvI|
Av‡Q, eQ‡i GK-†`o jvL w`‡Z nq Rw½‡`i Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi bv `v`v, Avcwb wK
Puv`v, e¨emv wkdU Ki‡e Gw`‡K| †eP‡ebÑ bv †eP‡eb bv, dvjZz Avgv‡K
†jvK †Kgb? †e-B¾r K‡i jvf Kx?
UvKv Av‡Q Avcbv‡K `k †`e, Avwg bv †eP‡j Avwg ejwQ †Kb?
wZb ivLe, †Z‡iv ej‡eb `vg| bv bv Avcbvi fvefw½ Avgvi fvj
ebMuvi †jvKUv Avi †hvMv‡hvM jvM‡Q bv, †g‡qgvbylUv GL‡bv †hvMv‡hvM
K‡iwb? †i‡L‡Q, bvwK Avcbvi †jvf GL‡bv hvqwb|
Avcwb †Zv e‡j‡Qb I‡K †eP‡eb bv| hZxb ejj, Avcwb hvb, Avi K_v
hZxb ejj, GB Am‡gi †jvK‡KI ej‡eb bv|
Avwg †ePe bv| ZLb iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, ivM K‡i †Zv
†Kb, †ePwZB n‡e| jvf †bB, idvq Avmyb gkvq, `yaKzgv‡ii
bv ivR¨evey, I‡K †`Iqv hv‡e bv| eD‡i wb‡q Avcwb ï‡q‡Qb Zv wK Avwg Rvwb
GZ `vg †KD †`‡e? †b|
bv w`K, fvj L‡Ïi †`Lyb| ivR¨evey! hZxb †PvL Mig Ki‡Z Pvq,
gybœvi gZ? e‡j wZh©K nvwm‡Z we× cv‡i bv| Mjvi ¯^i wg‡qvb gywoi gZ n‡q
Kij hZxb‡K| hvq|
hZxb ejj, n‡Z cv‡i| ivR¨ ejj, Avgvi Dci ivM K‡i jvf
Zvn‡j mvZ bv QÕjv‡L gybœv‡K w`b| †bB, hv mwZ¨ Zv ejwQ, I †g‡q‡Q‡jI †L‡c
I †Zv Avi Avm‡Q bv| hZxb ejj| i‡q‡Q, evwoi Dci Ii †jvf wQj|
Avcbvi Kv‡Q hv‡”Q bv wKš‘ evwoi hZxb ejj, _vK|
Kv‡Q Avm‡Q| _vK‡Q, wKš‘ Avgvi K_v ïb‡Z n‡e,
Avm‡Q, K‡e Gj? bvn‡j K_v me KjKvZvq P‡j hv‡e|

33
 fq †`Lv”Q Zzwg? wn‡m‡e| L‡Ïi †`Le bv?
iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, fq †`Lve †Kb, wKš‘ Zvn‡j †Zv †Zvi m‡½I _vK‡e| `¨v‡Lv wKš‘ AvwgI †`‡L †be|
Avgvi K_vq Pj‡Z n‡e Avcbv‡K, Zv‡Z hZxb Gevi ZzB †ZvKvwi‡Z †b‡g Avµg‡Yi `v`v Zvn‡j Avgvi bv †`LvB fvj,
Avcbvi jvf Qvov †jvKmvb n‡e bv| avi evovq| nKPwK‡q †M‡Q †jvKUv| evwo Avcwb †`Lyb|
hZxb Pzc K‡i _vKj| †m GKUz †`wL‡qB KZ †ivRMvi Ki‡Q ey‡ov bL`šÍnxb hZxb ejj, gybœv †Zv Av‡Q|
AvZw¼ZI nw”Qj| hw` evwo‡Z wM‡q GB evN| evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡j Avi cvi‡e? I cvi‡e bv|
†jvKUv mvZKvnb K‡i P‡j, Zvi djvdj by‡q co‡Q iv‡R¨k¦i, ej‡Q, `v`v Avcbvi cvi‡e bv gv‡b?
Kx n‡Z cv‡i? mevB Pzc K‡i hv‡e| †KD K_v wK mwZ¨? K¨vk UvKv †bB, e¨v¼ †jvb †b‡e|
†Kvb K_v ej‡e bv Awfgv‡b| Zv‡`i wcÖq n¨uv mwZ¨| †jvb †c‡Z mgq jv‡M bv|
†jvKwU Zv‡`i AÁv‡Z GB me K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi eDgvI †h †`‡L‡Q Ii †`Lyb Kx nq, Avcwb Ii Kv‡Q
a~wjni-Ui wg‡_¨| Ime Qj| Avmj †cÖgwU N‡i XzK‡Qb| jvLLv‡bK A¨vWfvÝ Pvb †`wL, Ii dz‡Uv
GB RvqMvq| Zvi ¯^vgx Zv‡`i evev Avm‡j †jv‡Ki N‡i †jv‡K †Xv‡K bv, hw` cqmv †bB, avi K‡i evwo wKb‡e|

hZxb fvej eviv›`vq D‡V `iRvq †UvKv †`q| eviv›`vq DV‡Z hv‡e ZLb †hb mvov cvq|
`iRv Lyj‡Q| Lyjj `iRv| G‡jv‡g‡jv cvq Puv`wb `uvwo‡q Av‡Q `iRvi gy‡L| ey‡Ki Kv‡Q
AuvPj †djv wKš‘ Mv‡q †Kvb eøvDR †bB| gyLLvwb W¨vg W¨vg Ki‡Q| Nywg‡q wQj bvwK?
PwiÎnxb, j¤úU GKwU †jvK| am †b‡g hv‡e Xz‡KI _vwK Zvi gv‡b wK IB, Zvn‡j †Zvi hZxb ejj, avi K‡iB †Zv †jv‡K
cwiev‡i| Zey Avµg‡Y †Mj hZxb, ejj, evwo‡Z hLb XzwK Avwg Kvi m‡½ ï‡Z hvB| †K‡b|
ZvB †nvK, evwo‡Z wM‡q Zzwg ej‡Z cvi| `yÕnv‡Z Kvb Pvcj iv‡R¨k¦i| hvi UvKv _v‡K †m avi K‡i, avi Kiv
iv‡R¨k¦i wcwQ‡q †Mj, fq cv‡”Qb hZxb eyS‡Z cviwQj A¯^xKviB †kªô Zv‡i gvbvq `v`v, UvUv weojv e¨v¼ †_‡K
bv? c_| GB c‡_B euvP‡Z cvi‡e, ejj, †Zvgvi UvKv †bq †KvwU †KvwU, Avgiv cvie?
bv, †KD wek¦vm Ki‡e bv| eDgv Kv‡K †`‡L‡Q, Avgv‡K? Aí UvKv wb‡Z Amywe‡a †Kv_vq?
mwZ¨ wek¦vm Ki‡e bv? ZvB‡Zv| e¨v¼ wK wfwLwi‡K †jvb †`q `v`v?
Gm bv Zzwg Kvj mKv‡jB, Avgvi bvwK †Zvgvi †Q‡j‡K? †K wfwLwi?
mvg‡bB ej| G Kx ej‡Qb `v`v| IB gybœv nv‡Z GK cqmvI bv wb‡q
iv‡R¨k¦‡ii `yÕ‡PvL ùxZ n‡q I‡V, †Zvgvi †Q‡ji Rb¨ eDgv Mjvq `wo evwo wKb‡Z †ewi‡q‡Q, †`‡k †cv÷KvW©
eje Avcbvi mvg‡b? †`‡e| cvVv‡”Q, †dvb Ki‡Q evwo †Kbvi K_v
nu¨v ej bv| hZxb mvnmx n‡q I‡V| iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, Avcwb Gme Rvwb‡q, Zv‡`i Avm‡Z ej‡Q KjKvZvq
†`Iqv‡j wcV †V‡K hvIqv ev‡Ni gZ _vev ï‡b‡Qb? gKvb †`L‡Z, ZvivI G‡m †`‡L hv‡”Q,
Zz‡j a‡i, GLbB ej, †gvevBj †_‡K ej| ï‡bwQ wK bv ï‡bwQ Zv ej‡Z hve wKš‘ wKb‡Q KB, KÕw`b jv‡M wKb‡Z?
mwZ¨ ej‡Qb? †Kb? hZx‡Zi g‡b nj K_vUv G‡Kev‡i AmZ¨
n¨uv ejwQ, Zzwg Lye PvjvK, KvjB Nvo Zvn‡j ej‡Qb †Kb? bq| †m ciw`b Awdm †_‡K gybœv-iv‡Rk
a‡i Ni †_‡K †Zvgv‡K †ei K‡i †`e, †`wL ejwQ †ek KiwQ, G K_v †Zv ZzwgB wÎcvVx‡K †dvb Kij, Kx Lei Avcbvi?
Zzwg Kx K‡iv| Avgv‡K e‡jQ ivR¨| Lei fvj mvi, mv‡P© me I‡K Av‡Q|
cvi‡eb? Avwg K‡e ejjvg? Gevi †Zv wKb‡Z nq|
cvie, _vbv †_‡K cywjk wM‡q †Zvgv‡K e‡jvwb †Zvgvi †Q‡j GKUv ivLwb nu¨v, †jv‡bi Rb¨ e¨v‡¼ A¨vwcø‡Kkb
Nvo av°v w`‡q †ei K‡i †`‡e| †i‡L‡Q †fwo GjvKvq, Zv e‡jvwb? e‡jvwb w`‡qwQ, nvgvi fwKj eveyB me Ki‡Q, n‡q
_vbv Rvbv Av‡Q? †mB Rb¨ †Zvgvi eDgv ivM K‡i ev‡ci evwo hv‡e mvi|
Av‡Q wK bv Av‡Q †m †Zv †Zvgvi P‡j wM‡qwQj| Avcwb †Kv_vq _v‡Kb wÎcvVxwR?
Rvb‡Z n‡e bv| †m †Zv A‡bKw`b Av‡Mi K_v| Av‡Á evMevRvi|
iv‡R¨k¦i `uvwo‡q c‡o‡Q| `yÕ‡Pv‡L GLb wK wg‡U †M‡Q me? †Kv_vq PvKwi K‡ib?
Awek¦vm Avi f‡qi Qvqv c‡o †M‡Q †h Zv nu¨v wg‡U †M‡Q, †Q‡j †Zv wd‡i G‡m‡Q Mi‡gbU Awd‡m Kw¤úDUvi PvjvB|
hZxb AÜKv‡iB eyS‡Z cvi‡Q| ej‡Q, Zv eDgvi Kv‡Q| Awdm Avcbv‡K †jvb †`‡e bv?
n‡j Avwg Rvbve bv| †di wg‡_¨ K_v| iv‡Rk wÎcvVxi †dvb †K‡U †Mj|
RvbvI bv, wg‡_¨ e‡j jvf n‡e bv| Gme Kx ej‡Qb `v`v? (cieZ©x msL¨vq)
wg‡_¨? †Zvgvi †Q‡j IB `yaKzgv‡ii N‡i hvq
nu¨v wg‡_¨ Qvov mwZ¨ †Kv_vq? wKbv Zvi M¨vivw›U Av‡Q?
gv‡b Avcwb `yaKzgv‡ii eD‡qi m‡½ Avwg P‡j hvw”Q|
†kvbwb? Ni mvgjvI ivR¨, eDgvi wKQz n‡q
bv, wg‡_¨ K_v ej‡j NvowU a‡i N‡ii †M‡j †Zvgv‡KI nv‡Z Kwo ci‡Z n‡e|
evB‡i evi K‡i †`e| iv‡R¨k¦i Avi K_v ejwQj bv| hZxb
gv‡b IB eDUvi m‡½ Avcbvi †Kvb ZvB _vgj| iv‡R¨k¦i wbtk‡ã Zvi m‡½
m¤úK© wQj bv? nuvUwQj| hZxbI| GKUz GwM‡q iv‡R¨k¦i
†Kb _vK‡e? ejj, Zvn‡j Kx Kie? Agi wgÎ
cyiælgvbyl Avi †g‡qgvbylÑ GB Kx Ki‡e gv‡b? cwðge‡½i RbwcÖq K_vmvwnwZ¨K

34
avivevwnK ¯§„wZK_v
GKePb eûePb
m g ‡i ›`ª †m b ¸ ß
(c~e© cÖKvwkZÑci)
†`eeªZ wek¦vm
Gevi Ggb GKRb Mvq‡Ki K_v wjLe hvi Zzj¨ iex›`ªmsMxZ mvaK MvqK cwðge‡½ Lye KgB R‡b¥wQ‡jb|
Ggb AvKvk‡Rvov L¨vwZI Lye KgB iex›`ªmsMxZ wkíx AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| me©cÖKvi AnwgKvgy³ Av‡`¨vcvšÍ
mr cÖPviwegyL MvqK weij| hZevi Zuv‡K msea©bv †`evi †Póv Kiv nZ ZZevi nq wZwb cvwj‡q †h‡Zb Zuvi
174 B ivmwenvix G¨vwfbyi evwo †_‡K A_ev Zvi kªeYmyfM evOvjfvlvq Zxeª AvcwË Rvwb‡q Av‡qvRK‡`i
nvZ †Rvo K‡i ÿgv †P‡q we`vq Rvbv‡Zb| Avwg wb‡RI hv‡K e‡j Kvô-evOvj, GL‡bv GZeQi c‡iI
c~e©e‡½i XvKv †_‡K cwðge‡½ Avmvi cuvP hyM c‡iI evwo‡Z Avwg evOvj fvlvqB K_v ewj| ¯^‡`k, we‡`k,
åg‡Yi m~‡Î bvbv fvlv Kv‡b Av‡m wKš‘ evOvj fvlvi gZ GZ kÖæwZgayi (GKgvÎ divwm fvlv Qvov) fvlv Avwg
KgB ï‡bwQ| ZvB †`eeªZ wek¦vm whwb RR© wek¦vm bv‡gB AwaK cwiwPZ, †mB RR©`vi evPwbK fvlv cÖm‡½
ÔkªeYmyfMÕ we‡klYwU e¨envi Kijvg|
RR©`v wb‡R‡K evOvj ej‡Z Me©‡eva Ki‡Zb| Rb¥ c~e©e‡½i ewikv‡j gvZvg‡ni evwo‡Z n‡jI Zuvi wcZ…
Kz‡ji Avw` wbevm wQj gqgbwmsn †Rjvi wK‡kviMÄ kn‡i| wb‡Ri wjwLZ Revbx‡Z wjL‡Qb, ÔIB
wK‡kviMÄ kn‡iB Avgvi ˆkke I evj¨Kvj †K‡UwQj| eªvþa‡g©i Av`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ n‡q, gqgbwmsn †Rjvi
wK‡kviMÄ gnKzgvi BUbv bv‡gi GKwU AL¨vZ MÖv‡gi GRKb f`ª‡jvK eªvþa‡g© `xÿv wb‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Zuv‡K
†Zv GKN‡i Kiv njB, GgbwK wb‡Ri MÖvg †_‡KI wZwb weZvwoZ n‡jb| Zuvi bvg wQj KvjxwK‡kvi wek¦vm|
wZwb Avgvi wcZvgn| Zuv‡K Avgvi wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`Lvi †mŠfvM¨ nqwb| KvjxwK‡kv‡ii PvicyÎ, Zuvi ga¨gcyÎ
†`‡e›`ªwK‡kvi Avgvi wcZ…‡`e|
35
ˆkk‡ei K_v ¯úófv‡e Avgvi wKQzB g‡b gv‡m Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| Avgvi GK K‡jR †`Iqvi Aby‡iva Kwi| Aby‡iva Kiv m‡Ë¡I
c‡o bv| wKš‘ evj¨Kv‡jB Avgvi GKwU Rxe‡bi eÜzI IB wefv‡M KvR Ki‡Zb| Abyôvb memg‡q nvZZvwjgy³ _v‡K bv|
wZ³ AwfÁZv n‡qwQj| wK‡kviMÄ kn‡ii Zvi Kv‡Q DrK…ó †Uv÷mn‡hv‡M Pv LvIqv I Avðh© n‡q GI jÿ K‡iwQÑ Avwg I Avgvi
wn›`y evwm›`v‡`i Kv‡Q Avwg wQjvg Ò†¤ø”QÓ| Ajm AvÇv Dc‡fvM¨ wQj| Z‡e RR©`v‡K gZ `y-GKRb e¨wZµgx mfv-cwiPvjK Qvov
evj¨Kv‡j cÖ_g ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nevi ci cÖvqkB Awd‡m †cZvg bv| GKUv †gvUi †KDB GB AZ¨vek¨Kxq Z_¨wU †kªvZv‡K
ILvbKvi wn›`y †Q‡j‡`i Øviv Avwg Ô†¤ø”QÕ mvB‡Kj †P‡c wZwb Nyi‡Zb| `y-GKevi Zuvi Rvbvb bv| ZvB cÖvq cÖwZwU iex›`ªmsMx‡Zi
e‡j AwfwnZ nZvgÑGgbwK cÖ_g Avwg †h †gvUi mvB‡Kj †P‡c ivmwenvix G¨v‡fby¨i Abyôv‡bB wbwe©ev‡` nvZZvwj P‡j GL‡bv,
†ew‡Z emZvg †mB †ew‡ZI †Kb †Q‡jiv evwo‡ZI wM‡qwQ| c‡i Aek¨ GKUv m¯Ívi AvR ch©šÍ| Aek¨ nvi‡gvwbqvg e¨envi Pvjy
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K‡iwQjvg Zvi c~e©cyiælivI (mZ¨wRr K‡ib| c‡i eyׇ`e‡K weevn K‡i c`wei n‡q DVwQj, Zey Wv³vi‡`i mw¤§wjZ †Póvq
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Avgvi ˆkk‡ei w`b¸wj‡Zv †Zgb c~e©e‡½i Bqv‡i GK wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ iex›`ªmsMx‡Zi nq Zv‡K evwZj Ki‡Z nZ A_ev †Kvbµ‡g
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wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z GB gnvb wkíxi ev Zvbcyivi cÖm½ †U‡b G‡b SMov Kiv wQjvg| ivgK…ò wgk‡bi nvmcvZvjwUi bvg
wKQz hvq Av‡mwb| we¯—…Z cÖvgvwYK weeiY AvgviB Ab¨vq n‡qwQj| iex›`ªbv_ †h KLbB wkïg½j n‡jI G‡Z Ab¨vb¨ nvmcvZv‡ji
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I Ab¨ bvbvb Riæwi cÖm½ GZw`b c‡iI gZ AvwgI RvbZvg| Avwg †h iex›`ªmsMxZ †`Lfvj Ki‡Zb| GB nvmcvZvjwU Avgvi
hv eû iex›`ªmsMxZ‡cÖgxiB ARvbv, GKUz Pwi‡Îi we‡klZ¡ wKQzUv Rvwb, Ae‡PZb Kg©-GjvKvi AšÍM©Z _vKvq ¯^vgxRx‡`i m‡½
c‡iB Zv cvV‡K we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvw”Q, GLb g‡b Zv wb‡q Avgvi GKUz Me©‡evaI wQj| Avgvi LyeB m™¢ve wQj| Ab¨vb¨ wefvMxq
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RR©`vi m‡½ Avgvi cÖ_g cwiPq I c‡i Avgv‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| iex›`ªm`‡bi †`‡LwQ| Zuvi cig f³ ¸YMÖvnx evejy
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36
my¯’ n‡q DV‡jI hv‡K e‡j m¤ú~Y© my¯’, Zv
nbwb| †mevi XvKvq Avn‡g`yj (gby) Kex‡ii
evwo‡Z D‡VwQ‡jb| mywPÎv wgÎI GKw`b
c‡i XvKvq †cuŠ‡QwQ‡jb| AvwgI ZLb GK
AvZ¥xqcy‡Îi weevn Dcj‡ÿ XvKvq wQjvg|
RR©`v cÖ_g w`b ÔQvqvbUÕ cÖwZôv‡bi Abyôv‡b
Mvb MvB‡jb| Qvqvb‡Ui Ab¨Zg cwiPvwjKv
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RR©`vi we‡kl wcÖqcvÎx mb&wR`v LvZzb|
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Mvb †M‡q wb‡R Lywk nbwb †`eeªZ wek¦vm|
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n‡jI MvB‡Zb| RR©`vi hyw³ wQj mevB nv‡Z nvZ w`‡q cÖv‡Y cÖvY wg‡k,
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c‡i †ek wKQz D`©yfvlvfvlx AevOvwj gvbyl
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`~i`k©‡bi Abyôvb ïb‡eb †ZgbwU Avkv Rq evsjv, Rq evsjv, Rq evsjv|
Kiv hvq bv| d‡j hZ kª×vB Rbve Rvwgj
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K_v bq| mivmwi ÔbvÕ ej‡jI GKUz Nywi‡q jÿ †jv‡Ki Pjvi Av¸‡b evsjv c_ R¡‡j|
hv e‡jwQ‡jb Zv A¯^xK…wZiB bvgvšÍi| †h
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cÖ_‡g wZwb cyiex gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K (wZwbI gywR‡ei Wv‡K GK n‡q †M‡Q wn›`y gymjgvb;
†mevi KjKvZv †_‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb mywPÎv Agvwbkv †M‡Q D‡V‡Q m~h© Auvav‡ii Aemvb|
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deeks me only to mock me this
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bv| †Kb bv AvwgI Dcw¯’Z wQjvg bv| Gi iex›`ªevYx Afqgš¿ wb‡Z cÖv‡Y †`q †`vjv|
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Av‡iv GKevi XvKvq wM‡qwQ‡jb| KjKvZvq †kv‡bv evsjvi gv‡V Nv‡U AvR Av¸‡bi RqMvb
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`yÕwU Mvb †iKW© K‡iwQ‡jb| Mvb `yÕwUi iPbv Rq evsjv, Rq evsjv, Rq evsjvi Rq|

37
†mŠ‡g›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii, whwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, Agvwbkv †M‡Q D‡V‡Q m~h© Auvav‡ii Aemvb| iex›`ªm`‡b RR©`v‡K msea©bv w`‡Z gb¯’
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†V‡KÕ| iex›`ªevYx Afqgš¿ wb‡Z cÖv‡Y †`q †`vjv| ci hLb QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i Mvb †kLv‡bv †kl n‡q
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iPbv eªvZ¨R‡bi RvqMv †bB, VvKzievwoi K‡qKRbI †mw`b
iæ×m½xZ-G wjL‡Qb Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb, (GZw`b c‡i mwVK g‡b
Ô†ngšÍ gyLvwR©, whwb co‡Q bv †evanq †gbKv VvKzi I Av‡iv
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g‡a¨ Avgv‡K GLbI me †hgb nq RR©`v m¤ú‡K© †ZgbB cÖksmvevYx
PvB‡Z †ewk kª×v K‡ib
D”PviY Ki‡jb| mfvi e³…Zv A_©vr evPwbK
I fvjvev‡mbÕ|
GKevi †ngšÍ ce© †kl n‡j †ngšÍ`v cÖvq Avwj½‡b Rwo‡q
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RR©`v‡K emv‡jb| AZ `xN©Kvq †ngšÍ gyLvwR©

38
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wQ‡jb bv e‡j g‡b nq! Zuvi Mvb Ab¨vb¨ Avevi GKwU ˆØZmsMx‡Zi †iKW© cÖKvwkZ wcb&cZb bxieZvq mevB wbðzc n‡q †hZ|
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GKav‡i e‡m wQjvg| †`‡LB e‡j DV‡jb, cÖv‡Yi AveR©bv cywo‡q †d‡j Av¸b R¡v‡jvÕ m‡½ cvi¯úwiK kª×vhy³ ev`vbyev‡`i mgq
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wQj AvwgB RR©`v‡K wb‡q hve| wKš‘ Awd‡mi nixb P‡Ævcva¨vq e‡j DV‡jb, ‘Money
GKUv me©fviZxq Kbdv‡i‡Ý Avgv‡K cÖvq spent like waterways and soaring
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Ki‡ev bv, wK †i g‡b Ki‡Qvm bvwK?Õ Avwg Av‡M Zver fviZevmxi ARvbv wQj, ZvI
wbiæˇi RR©`vi cv Quzjvg| AKc‡U (we`~lx ¯¿xi m‡½ QvovQvwo wKsev
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†Rv‡UwbÑ †eKvi e‡mwQ‡jb| c‡i GKeQi Rxe‡b mZ¨wRr-Gi `y-GKwU Qwe‡Z Awfbq
webv gvB‡bi †Uªwb wnmv‡e KvR Kivi K‡iI cÖf~Z mybvg AR©b K‡ib wZwb|
ci 1935 mv‡j cvKvcvwKfv‡e wn›`y¯’vb nix›`ªbv_ wb‡RI myMvqK wQ‡jb| wb‡Ri
Bb&wmI‡ib&‡m gvÎ cÂvk UvKv gvB‡b‡Z myiv‡ivwcZ I ¯^K‡É MxZ ÔmyiBqv A¯Í †nv
G¨vKvDw›Us wefv‡M †hvM †`b| Zuvi GKUv Mqv/ MMb g¯Í †nv MqvÕ wKsev ÔAe bf‡g
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n‡q †hZ| ZvB hv‡K e‡j Avw_©K ¯^v”Q›`¨ m‡šÍvlKzgvi †mb¸ßB bxnviwe›`y †m‡bi Iqv‡jÕ Mvb¸wj AvBwcwUG-i bvbvb Abyôv‡b
Zv †Kvbw`bB Zuvi Rxe‡b Av‡mwb| A_P m‡½ RR©`v‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b| AevK MvIqv nZ| RR©`vi MjvqI wewfbœ msMx‡Z
†hB Zuvi Kv‡Q AvmZ Zv‡K wKQz bv wKQz Kivi gZ NUbv n‡jI bxnviwe›`y †m‡bi mfvq ev evwo‡Z GKv‡šÍ e‡m eûevi Mvb¸wj
LvIqv‡Zb| hv‡K e‡j cÖ_vbyM Mvb wkÿv, myiv‡ivwcZ wKQz AvaywbK evsjv Mv‡bi †iKW© ï‡bwQ| nixb`v RR© wek¦vmB †h †mB mg‡qi
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wK‡kvi eq‡m c~e©e‡½ eªvþ gw›`‡i cÖ_‡g iex›`ªmsMxZ QvovI †R¨vwZwi›`ª ˆgÎ wjwLZ Ki‡Zb|
hLb mevB eªþm½xZ MvBZ, Zv‡`i m‡½ Mjv I myiv‡ivwcZ GKvwaK Mvb bvbv Abyôv‡b GBPGgwf-i ci Zv‡`iB Av‡iK
†gjv‡Zb| RR©`vi gvI Lye fvj MvB‡Zb| MvB‡Zb| AvBwcwUÑGi n‡q wZwb ïay Mvb mn‡hvMx †iKW© cÖwZôvb Kjvw¤^qv‡ZI RR©`v
Avm‡j ï‡b ï‡bB †kLv| ej‡jB ej‡Zb, bq K‡qKevi AwfbqI K‡i‡Qb| cÖL¨vZ K‡qKwU †iKW© K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ÔG
Ôiex›`ªbv_B Avgvi ¸iæ| ¸iæ Avgv‡K †jvKmsMxZ MvqK †ngv½ wek¦v‡mi iwPZ I ïay Ajm gvqvÕ, ÔZzwg i‡e bxi‡eÕ, we‡kl
†kLvbwb e‡U, wKš‘ Avwg hLbB bZzb Mvb my‡iv‡ivwcZ MvbI wbqwgZ iex›`ªmsMx‡Zi K‡i ÔAvwg PÂj †n Avwg my`~‡ii wcqvmxÕ
Zzwj ev Mvb MvB, g‡b g‡b Zv‡K ¯§iY K‡i cvkvcvwk MvB‡Zb| my‡ii I evYxi †ÿ‡Î MvbwU hLb ZrKv‡ji †kªô iex›`ª b„Z¨wkíx
wbB| †PvL eyR‡j Zv‡K †`L‡Z cvB|Õ Zuvi e¨w³MZ fvj jvMv‡KB wPiKvj cÖvavb¨ gÄykªx PvKxi bv‡Pi m‡½ cwi‡ewkZ nZ,
†`eeªZ wek¦v‡mi cÖ_g †iKW© w`‡Zb wZwb, ZvQvov †hŠeb I ga¨eq‡m †mB Amvgvb¨ Abyôvb¸wji K_v g‡b co‡j
†ewi‡qwQj 1940 mv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K ¯úóZB evgcš’vq AvK…ó n‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb GL‡bv Avgvi GB cuPvˇii cªvßeq‡mI
GBPGgwf †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K| Z‡e †mwU ˆØZ mgqUv wQj wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i AšÍeZ©x Kvj| Mv‡q KuvUv †`q|
msMx‡Zi †iKW© ZrKvjxb weL¨vZ MvwqKv †mB mgq kª‡×q bU I bvU¨Kvi g‡bviÄb
Ges `~i-m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xqv KbK `v‡mi m‡½| fÆvPvh© (gnwl© bv‡gB g‡bviÄb fÆvPvh© mgwaK mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ß
AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z †`eeªZ Rvwb‡q‡Qb Ô†mwUB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi Rxebhvcb I mZ¨wbôv cwðge‡½i Kwe, wefve m¤úv`K

39
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evsjv bvU¨g‡Âi wewkó Awf‡bZv, cwiPvjK fviZ Qvo Av‡›`vjb I ÔRbhy×Õ bxwZi cÖPvi ZvwM‡` gy¤^B hvb Ges K‡qKwU wd‡j¥ Awfbq
weRb fÆvPv‡h©i Rb¥ dwi`cyi †Rjvi Ab¨w`‡K d¨vmxev` we‡ivax †jLK I wkíx K‡ib, wPÎbvU¨ †j‡Lb|
LvbLvbvcy‡i 1915 mv‡ji 17 RyjvB| ms‡Ni m‡½ m¤ú„³ nb| cÖMwZ †jLK msN 1950 mv‡j KvjKvZvi wd‡i
Zvi evevi bvg ÿx‡iv`wenvix fÆvPvh©| I fviZxq MYbvU¨ msN (AvBwcwUG) MwVZ ÔK¨vjKvUv w_‡qUvi MÖæcÕ msMwVZ K‡ib|
weRb fÆvPv‡h©i Rxe‡b wkÿK evevi Av`k© n‡j weRb fÆvPvh© mwµqfv‡e G‡`i m‡½ 20 eQi a‡i wewfbœ bvUK wj‡L, Awfbq Ges
RxebhvÎv, mvwnZ¨ I msMxZcÖxwZ Ges wb‡R‡K m¤ú„³ K‡ib| cwiPvjbv K‡i cÖf~Z L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|
†kKm&wcqvi PP©vi cÖfve we‡klfv‡e c‡o| weRq fÆvPv‡h©i cÖ_g bvUK Av¸b †RvZ`vi‡`i weiæ‡× K…lK‡`i
1930 mvj †_‡K KjKvZvi Avï‡Zvl 1943 mv‡j bvU¨fviZx‡Z AwfbxZ nq| mw¤§wjZ cÖwZ‡iva I Amyi`jbx †`exi g‡Z©¨
K‡j‡R Ges c‡i wicb K‡j‡R covïbv webq †Nv‡li j¨ve‡i‡Uvwi MÖ‡š’i bvU¨iƒc AvMgbÑ GB MÖvg¨ wek¦v‡mi cUf~wgKvq †jLv
K‡ib weRb fÆvPvh©| G ch©v‡q RvZxq w`‡q wZwb Awfbq K‡ib| Gici Zuvi †jLv Zuvi †`ex MR©b bvUK MÖv‡g Drmv‡ni mÂvi
Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`b Ges gwnlev_v‡b jeY Revbe›`x bvUK AiwY cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ K‡iwQj| wZwb wØZxq hy‡×i cwi‡cªwÿ‡Z
mZ¨vMÖn Av‡›`vj‡b Ask †bb| †jLvcovq nq| †j‡Lb Kj¼ bvUK| †`kfv‡Mi `iæb
†Q` co‡jI wZwb QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b Drmvnx weRb fÆvPvh© eûgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix ev¯‘Py¨Z wkÿ‡Ki Rxe‡bi AwfÁbZv wb‡q
Kg©x wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb nIqvq Awf‡bZv, myiKvi, MvqK wnmv‡e wj‡L‡Qb| †MvÎvšÍi| Ab¨vb¨ bvUK Qvqvc_,
wdPvi I †¯‹P ˆZwi‡Z †j‡M c‡ob| wØZxq bvU‡Ki RM‡Z wb‡R‡K mycÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z gv÷vigkvB, ag©‡Mvjv, Rb‡bZv, nuvmLvwji
wek¦hy‡×i ïiæ‡Z wZwb Zvi gvZzj m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ mg_© nb| nuvm cÖf…wZ|
gRyg`vi cÖwZwôZ AiwY cwÎKvq †hvM w`‡q weRb fÆvPvh© weqvwjø‡ki `ywf©ÿ Avi 1970 mv‡j K¨vjKvUv w_‡qUvi MÖæc
mvwnZ¨PP©vq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| G mgq wZwb gš^šÍ‡ii cwi‡cÖwÿZ †j‡Lb bevbœ bvUK| †Q‡o KePKzÊj bv‡g bvU¨ cÖwZôvb ˆZwi K‡i
ÔAvMvgx P‡µÕi mvwnZ¨evm‡i eû mvwnwZ¨K 1944 mv‡j AvBwcwUG-†Z G bvU‡Ki †klw`b Aewa †mLv‡bB wQ‡jb| †m mgq Zvi
I †jL‡Ki mvnPv‡h© Av‡mb| D‡jøL¨ ÔAvMvgx ÔAwfb‡q weRb fÆvPvh© bvgf~wgKvq Awfbq †jLv K…òcÿ, AvR emšÍ ¯^Y©KzÊ, †mvbvi
P‡µÕi mvwnZ¨ Avmi †_‡KB my‡eva †Nv‡li K‡ib| 1943 mv‡j weRb fÆvPv‡h©i m‡½ evsjv, P‡jv mvM‡iÑ cÖvq me¸‡jvB †÷‡R
gZ †jL‡Ki Avwef©ve N‡U| †jwLKv gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi we‡q nq| 1946 AwfbxZ n‡q‡Q| †kl w`‡Ki bvUK¸‡jv‡Z
weRb fÆvPvh© KwgDwb÷ gZev‡`i cÖwZ mv‡j `v½vi cUf~wgKvq weRb fÆvPvh© gvK©mxq `k©‡bi m‡½ †jvKvqZ ag©, wn›`y
AvK…ó nb †ieZx eg©‡Yi mvg¨ev` m¤úwK©Z RxqbKb¨v †j‡Lb| ¯^iwPZ givPuv` bvU‡K ag© I `k©b Rwo‡q wM‡qwQjÑ G Rb¨ Zvi
eBcÎ cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g| 1942 mv‡j ceb evD‡ji f~wgKvq Mvb †M‡q Rbmvavi‡Yi mgv‡jvPbv Kg nqwb|
weRb fÆvPvh© KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z †hvM w`‡q msMÖvg‡K DÏxwcZ K‡ib| evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q, Z_vwc †g‡N XvKv
`‡ji mve©ÿwYK Kg©x nb| 1942 mv‡j wZwb MYbvU¨ msN †Q‡o wZwb RxweKvi Zviv, myeY©‡iLv, c`vwZK, ¯^cœ wb‡q, hyw³
Z‡°v M‡àv, cÖf…wZ Pjw”P‡Î wZwb Awfbq
K‡i‡Qb|
RyjvB NUbvcwÄ ivR‡`ªvn I wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg
bvU‡K gÂvwfbq K‡i‡Qb| wPÎbvU¨ wj‡L‡Qb
01. 01 RyjvB 1882 Wv. weavbP›`ª iv‡qi Rb¥ bvwMb, mv‡o PzqvËi, emy cwievi, ÔZ…òv
02. 01 RyjvB 1962 Wv. weavbP›`ª iv‡qi g„Zz¨ Wv³vi evey BZ¨vw`i|
03. 02 RyjvB 1939 W. nvqvr gvgy‡`i Rb¥, ûMwj‡Z †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
19. 03 RyjvB 1757 beve wmivR-D`-†`Šjvi g„Zz¨
04. 04 RyjvB 1902 ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i g„Zz¨ nvIovi †ejyo g‡V Rbc` I †`kfv‡Mi cUf~wgKvq ivbx
05. 07 RyjvB 1905 cÖ‡evaKzgvi mvb¨v‡ji Rb¥ cvj¼ Zvi †jLv Mí `yÕ‡Uv we‡klfv‡e
06. 08 RyjvB 2003 Kwe myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi g„Zz¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
07. 10 RyjvB 1902 mvwnwZ¨K mywbg©j emyi Rb¥ wenv‡ii wMwiwWi gKrcy‡i gvgvevwo‡Z weRq fÆvPvh© cwðge½ ivR¨
08. 10 RyjvB 1885 gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni Rb¥ 24 ciMbvi †cqviv MÖv‡g GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| wZwb KjKvZv
09. 10 RyjvB 1885 gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni Rb¥ 24 ciMbvi †cqviv MÖv‡g wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cyi¯‹vi I gvbcÎI jvf
10. 13 RyjvB 1998 †MŠix AvBqy‡ei g„Zz¨ K‡ib| wZwb memgqB msMÖvgx Rbmvavi‡Yi
11. 13 RyjvB 1969 gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni g„Zy¨, XvKvq
12. 15 RyjvB 1912 i‡Yk `vk¸‡ßi Rb¥ Am‡gi wWeªæM‡o cv‡k †_‡K‡Qb Zuvi iwPZ AwfbxZ bvUK,
16. 19 RyjvB 1899 ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq (ebdzj)-Gi Rb¥ wenv‡ii c~wY©qv †Rjvq MYmsMxZ BZ¨vw` wb‡q|
19. 22 RyjvB 1814 c¨vixPuv` wgÎ (Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj cÖ‡YZv)-Gi Rb¥ weRb fÆvPvh© 1978 mv‡ji 19
17. 24 RyjvB 1925 gnvbvqK DËgKzgv‡ii Rb¥ Rvbyqvwi †jvKvšÍwiZ nb| GB K…Zx cyiæ‡li
15. 25 RyjvB 1901 mvwnwZ¨K g‡bvR emyi Rb¥ Kg©gq Rxe‡bi cÖwZfvm bvU¨RM‡Z fv¯^i
18. 26 RyjvB 1865 cÂMxwZKwei Ab¨Zg iRbxKvšÍ †m‡bi Rb¥ n‡q _vK‡e|
13. 27 RyjvB 1891 Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii g„Zz¨, KjKvZvi ev`yo evMv‡b
14. 31 RyjvB 1880 wnw›` mvwn‡Z¨i w`K&cvj gyÝx †cÖgPuv‡`i Rb¥ mywgZvivbx `vm cÖvewÜK

40
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46
Mv‡b Avevnb Kiv n‡”QÑ evsjv Kve¨MxwZi †ÿ‡Î AZzjcÖmv` †gNjv,Õ ÔG‡jv eilv †h mnmv g‡b AvRÕ,
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†c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †kl Rxe‡b iwPZ el©vmsMxZ dz‡V D‡V‡Q ÔkvIb Avwmj wd‡i, †m wd‡i
Zuviv mviv Rxe‡bi MxZm¤¢vi †_‡K Avjv`v| G‡jv bv,Õ ÔkvIb iv‡Z hw` ¯§i‡Y Av‡m g‡bÕ
Kwei GB kªve‡Yi Mvb¸‡jv Rxebmܨvq Mvb¸‡jv‡Z| RqRqšÍx iv‡Mi Ac~e© e¨Äbvq
iwPZ kªveYmܨvi Mvb| G¸‡jv Zuvi †cª‡gi cvB Ô†gN †g`yi eilvq †Kv_v ZzwgÕ| evYx
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dyiv‡jv e¨vKzj ev`j-muv‡SÕ, Avgvi wcÖqvi cieZ©x mg‡qi evsjv Mvb hv‡K
Qvqv AvKv‡k AvR fv‡mÕ, ÔG‡mwQ‡j Zey we‡klfv‡e AvaywbK evsjv Mvb ejv n‡q
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47
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