Ce (PC) 603 - Indranil Halder

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY
NAME: INDRANIL HALDER
C.E Lat (6th Semester)
ROLL NO. 25901322005
REG NO. 222590120057
CA2
MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES

Micro-irrigation is an efficient method of
applying water to crops in a controlled manner,
minimizing water wastage and maximizing crop
yield. There are two main types of micro-
irrigation techniques: drip irrigation and
sprinkler irrigation. Both methods deliver water
directly to the root zone of plants, reducing
evaporation and runoff. Here's an overview of
these techniques:
1. Drip Irrigation:
Drip Lines/Tubing: Drip irrigation involves

the use of tubes or pipes, often with
emitters or drippers spaced along their
length. These tubes are laid out near the
base of plants.
• Emitters: Emitters release water in
controlled amounts directly to the soil
around the plant roots. They come in
various types, such as pressure-
compensating emitters, labyrinth emitters,
and diaphragm emitters.
• Drip Tape: Flat tubing with built-in emitters,
known as drip tape, is also used. It is

commonly used for row crops.
Drip irrigation is suitable for a wide range of
crops and is known for its water efficiency,
reduced weed growth, and minimal soil erosion.
Micro-irrigation techniques, also known as drip
irrigation or trickle irrigation, are water-efficient
methods that deliver water directly to the root zone
of plants. This minimizes water wastage and ensures
that crops receive the required moisture. Here's an
overview of micro-irrigation techniques:
1. Drip Irrigation:
• Description: Drip irrigation involves the slow,

precise application of water directly to the plant root
zone through a network of tubes, pipes, valves, and
emitters.
• Components:
• Emitters: Devices that control the flow rate of
water.
• Tubing: Carries water from the water source to
the emitters.
• Filters: Remove impurities from the water.
• Pressure Regulators: Maintain consistent water
pressure.
• Backflow Preventers: Prevent water from flowing
back into the main supply.

• Advantages:
• Water conservation.
• Reduced soil erosion.
• Minimized weed growth.
• Improved nutrient management.
• Disadvantages:
• Initial cost of installation.
• Clogging of emitters.
• Regular maintenance required.
2. Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation:
• Description: Similar to traditional sprinkler systems

but designed for smaller areas with lower flow rates,
micro-sprinklers deliver water in a fine spray pattern.
• Components:
• Micro-sprinklers: Devices that emit water in a
spray pattern.
• Tubing and pipes: Distribute water from the
water source to the micro-sprinklers.

• Filters and pressure regulators: Ensure consistent
water quality and pressure.

• Advantages:
• Suitable for a variety of crops.
• Uniform water distribution.
• Reduced evaporation compared to surface
irrigation.
• Disadvantages:
• Prone to wind drift.
• Potential for water wastage.
3. Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI):
• Description: SDI involves placing drip tubing or

emitters below the soil surface, directly delivering
water to the root zone.
• Components:
• Drip tubing or pipes: Placed below the soil
surface.
• Emitters: Distribute water to the plant roots.
• Filters and pressure regulators: Maintain water
quality and pressure.

• Advantages:
• Minimized evaporation losses.
• Reduced weed growth.
• Suitable for various soil types.
• Disadvantages:
• Initial installation cost.
• Requires careful management to prevent
clogging.
4. Subsurface Textile Irrigation (STI):

• Description: STI involves using geotextile materials
with capillary properties to deliver water to the root
zone.
• Components:
• Geotextile fabrics or mats.
• Water supply system.
• Advantages:
• Improved water distribution.
• Reduced evaporation.
• Minimized soil compaction.
• Disadvantages:
• Limited to specific crops.
• Initial cost.
Micro-irrigation techniques are highly efficient in

terms of water use, making them suitable for regions
facing water scarcity or those seeking sustainable
irrigation practices. The choice of technique depends
on factors such as crop type, soil conditions, and
available resources.
2. Sprinkler Irrigation:
• Micro-Sprinklers and Micro-Sprayers:
These are small sprinklers that deliver water

in a fine mist or spray pattern. They are
suitable for small gardens, greenhouses, and
nurseries.
• Rotor Sprinklers: Similar to traditional
sprinklers, rotor sprinklers can cover larger

areas and are often used in landscape
irrigation.
• Overhead Misting Systems: These systems
release water as fine mist or fog, which is

beneficial for cooling and humidifying
purposes.
Sprinkler irrigation is versatile and can be used
for a variety of crops, including lawns, gardens,
and field crops.
Benefits of Micro-Irrigation Techniques:
• Water Efficiency: Direct application of water to

the root zone reduces water wastage.
• Energy Efficiency: Lower energy requirements
compared to traditional irrigation systems.
• Improved Crop Yield: Provides a controlled
and consistent water supply, promoting optimal
plant growth.
• Weed Control: Targeted watering reduces
weed growth.
• Fertilizer Application: Some systems allow for
the simultaneous application of fertilizers
through the irrigation water.
Overall, micro-irrigation techniques play a

crucial role in sustainable agriculture by
promoting water conservation and enhancing
crop productivity.

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GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES

Drip Lines/Tubing: Drip irrigation involves

known as drip tape, is also used. It is

• Description: Drip irrigation involves the slow,

• Pressure Regulators: Maintain consistent water

back into the main supply.

• Improved nutrient management.

• Regular maintenance required.

• Description: Similar to traditional sprinkler systems

water source to the micro-sprinklers.

water quality and pressure.

• Uniform water distribution.

• Reduced evaporation compared to surface

• Potential for water wastage.

3. Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI):

• Description: SDI involves placing drip tubing or

• Filters and pressure regulators: Maintain water

quality and pressure.

• Reduced weed growth.

• Suitable for various soil types.

• Requires careful management to prevent

4. Subsurface Textile Irrigation (STI):

• Water supply system.

• Minimized soil compaction.

Micro-irrigation techniques are highly efficient in

These are small sprinklers that deliver water

sprinklers, rotor sprinklers can cover larger

release water as fine mist or fog, which is

Benefits of Micro-Irrigation Techniques:

• Water Efficiency: Direct application of water to

Overall, micro-irrigation techniques play a

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