Experiment No - 6 - Updated

EXPERIMENT NO.
STUDY OF RLC SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT
Date:
AIM:
TO STUDY AND UNDERSTAND THE BEHAVIOR OF RLC CIRCUIT.
EQUIPMENTS:
BREAD BOARD, RESISTOR, INDUCTOR, CAPACITOR, AMMETER,

VOLTMETER, CONNECTING WIRES, SIGNAL GENERATOR.
THEORY:
In a series RLC circuit there becomes a frequency point were the inductive reactance
of the inductor becomes equal in value to the capacitive reactance of the capacitor. In
other words, XL = XC. The point at which this occurs is called the Resonant Frequency
point, ( ƒr ) of the circuit, and as we are analyzing a series RLC circuit this resonance
frequency produces a Series Resonance. Series Resonance circuits are one of the most
important circuits used electrical and electronic circuits. They can be found in various
forms such as in AC mains filters, noise filters and also in radio and television tuning
circuits producing a very selective tuning circuit for the receiving of the different
frequency channels.
Electrical resonance occurs in an AC circuit when the two reactances which are
opposite and equal cancel each other out as XL = XC and the point on the graph at
which this happens is where the two reactance curves cross each other. We can see
then that at resonance, the two reactances cancel each other out thereby making a
series LC combination act as a short circuit with the only opposition to current flow in
a series resonance circuit being the resistance, R. In complex form, the resonant
frequency is the frequency at which the total impedance of a series RLC circuit
becomes purely “real”, that is no imaginary impedance’s exist. This is because at
resonance they are cancelled out. So the total impedance of the series circuit becomes
just the value of the resistance and therefore: Z = R.
Thus at resonance the impedance of the series circuit is at its minimum value and
equal only to the resistance, R of the circuit. The circuit impedance at resonance is
called the “dynamic impedance” of the circuit and depending upon the frequency, X C
(typically at high frequencies) or X L (typically at low frequencies) will dominate
either side of resonance .
The frequency response curve of a series resonance circuit shows that the magnitude
of the current is a function of frequency and plotting this onto a graph shows us that
the response starts at near to zero, reaches maximum value at the resonance frequency
when I MAX = IR and then drops again to nearly zero as ƒ becomes infinite. The result
of this is that the magnitudes of the voltages across the inductor,
L and the capacitor, C can become many times larger than the supply voltage, even at
resonance but as they are equal and at opposition they cancel each other out.
As a series resonance circuit only functions on resonant frequency, this type of circuit
is also known as an Acceptor Circuit because at resonance, the impedance of the
circuit is at its minimum so easily
accepts the current whose frequency is equal to its resonant frequency. The effect of
resonance in a series circuit is also called “voltage resonance”.
You may also notice that as the maximum current through the circuit at resonance is
limited only by the value of the resistance (a pure and real value), the source voltage
and circuit current must therefore be in phase with each other at this frequency. Then
the phase angle between the voltage and current of a series resonance circuit is also a
function of frequency for a fixed supply voltage and which is zero at the resonant
frequency point when: V, I and VR are all in phase with each other. Consequently, if
the phase angle is zero then the power factor must therefore be unity.
PROCEDURE:
 Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
 Connect ammeter in series with the circuit.
 Increase the input frequency and note down the ammeter readings.
 Note and record at which frequency the current is at its maximum value.
This condition is called resonance.
 Draw the graph current Vs frequency and find the resonant frequency and
bandwidth
 Compare this resonant frequency with that of theoretical value.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
CALCULATION:
RESULT:
The resonance frequency
Theoretical =
Practical =
BW =
CONCLUSION
Graph
Graph of current versus frequency on a graph sheet.
DO IT YOURSELF:
1. If frequency is 50 Hz, what is the angular frequency?

2. If time period is 1/50 sec, what is the frequency?
3. If I=200sin 100πt, at which time it will have the value of 100A?
4. What is the average value of a square wave of peak value 200V?
5. What is the relation between the max value, average value and RMS value
of a sine wave if the peak value is 200 V?
6. In AC mains the 230 volts represents peak value or RMS value.
7. Which measuring instrument is used for measuring the peak value of a
voltage ?
8. What is the form factor?
9. What is the form factor for a sine wave?
10. What is the impedance for a series resonance circuit?
11. What is the condition for resonance in a series RLC circuit?
12. What is the quality factor?
13. What is the power factor of the resistance circuit?
14. What is the power factor of the inductive or the capacitive circuit?
15. What is the effect of the inductance on the time constant in any inductive
circuit?
16. Can the laws of the dc be applied to the ac circuit?
17. What is the time constant of the capacitive circuit?
18. If two signals having same frequency and amplitude but have 180 0 phase
difference , what will be the resultant of two waveforms?
19. For least power consumption what should be the phase angle between current
and voltage?
20. What is magnified by the parallel RLC circuit?
21. Compare the impedance, and current of series and parallel resonant circuits?
22. What is the value of voltage during series resonsnce?
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE:

1. A 20 ohm resistor is connected in series with an inductor, a capacitor and an
ammeter across a 25 V variable frequency supply. When the frequency is 400
Hz, the current is at its maximum value of 0.5 A, and the potential difference
across the capacitor is 150 V. Calculate (a) capacitance of capacitor, (b)
resistance and inductance of inductor.
2. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series with a variable inductor.
When the circuit is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply, the maximum current
obtained by varying the inductance is 2 A. The voltage across the capacitor is
500 V. Calculate resistance, inductor and capacitor of the circuit.
SOLUTION:

Experiment No - 6 - Updated

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EXPERIMENT NO.

STUDY OF RLC SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT

TO STUDY AND UNDERSTAND THE BEHAVIOR OF RLC CIRCUIT.

BREAD BOARD, RESISTOR, INDUCTOR, CAPACITOR, AMMETER,

The resonance frequency

1. If frequency is 50 Hz, what is the angular frequency?

PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE:

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