Interview Questions

 Web services:
-----------------------------
1) What is web services?
Web service is a function or program in any language that can be accessed over HTTP.
Message format can be XML, JSON, or any other program as long as the other
programs can understand and communicate. Web services can be synchronous or
asynchronous. Any web service has server-client relationship. Any web service can
have multiple clients
Eg: When a travel portal is selling tickets of an airliner, Portal is client and the Airline is the
server as it is selling its service

2) What is Restful?
REST stands for Representational State Transfer or RESTful web service. REST is a
client-server architecture which means each unique URL is representation of some
object or resource. Any REST API developed uses HTTP methods explicitly and in a way
that’s consistent with the protocol definition.
This basic REST design principle establishes a one-to-one mapping between create,
read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations and HTTP methods.
According to this mapping:
To create a resource on the server, use POST
To retrieve a resource, use GET.
To change the state of a resource or to update it, use PUT.
To remove or delete a resource, use DELETE.
Example:
If we want to create a REST service that fetches the record of a customer then our URI
will be:
GET http://tutorialsAtoZ.com/customer/{customerID}
Where HTTP method is GET, Resource is customer And URI parameter is customer ID
which depicts for which resource we want to fetch the records

3) What is Soap?
4) What are the difference between both Soap and Rest Web services?
5) What are the difference between Soap and
6) What is web services API?
 RAML file:
-----------------------------

1) What is RAML and why it is used?

RAML – RESTful API Modeling Language
RAML is similar to WSDL, it contains endpoint URL, request/response schema, HTTP
methods and query and URI parameter.
RAML helps client (a consumer of the service) know, what the service is and what/how
all operations can be invoked.
RAML helps the developer in creating the initial structure of this API. RAML can also
be used for documentation purpose

2) How do you typically go about identifying resources in your APIs?

3) What about identifying operations, parameters, date structures, and response codes?
4) If you had to name your three top tips or best practices for API design, what would they
be?
5) Talk me through a recent API design, summarising the approach you took, who else was
involved, and what the design outcome was
6) Do you consider RAML to be more suited to top down or bottom up API design?
7) Are you aware of whether it is possible to generate client or server code from RAML?

8) How to create RAML?

https://dzone.com/articles/design-raml-based-rest-api-using-mulesoft-anypoint
9) How we can use RAML in any point studio?
http://workshop.tools.mulesoft.com/modules/module3_lab1
10) What are the advantages of using RAML? Or
What can you do with a RAML file, i.e. what it allows you to do?
Most of the projects in which we participate in my work designing and implementing APIs
require access to mobile applications and web apps. This design requires defining an
authentication system (e.g. one based on tokens such as JWT) and each of the endpoints that
will be accessible. In this definition of endpoints, we must decide on input fields and outputs
for each.
To design a good API, you must use HTTP verbs properly using REST, but you also need to
implement an intuitive design, good documentation, and a faithful representation of
implementation. A part of that implementation is good, it is very important that the
documentation associated with it is complete and is current by 100% having controlled the
expected behavior for each request. In my opinion, keeping this commitment is usually quite
complicated, but using the right tools can simplify the process and benefit the development
team, and future developers can instruct the software development better.
After several months considering this, we decided to use RAML to document and design our
APIs, although we were considering other solutions like Swagger. Let's detail what RAML is
and how it works
The great advantage of implementing a RAML API is that you focus completely on the
"contract" that provides the endpoint; this allows you to start generating the documentation,
which, once ready, provides different generators to generate the basic service "scaffolding"
and even services that return answers, simulated to start our testing.
 This methodology favors the testing process, providing us with the perfect environment to
use TDD. Basically, we define the API, write tests to consume this API and started building the
actual implementation and necessary tests to validate both the specification as described.

11) How to make field mandatory in RAML? Or

How to create RAML with mandatory fields?

12) How to define parameters and fields in RAML?

13) What is traits, resource type. Difference between traits and resource type? And
What is resources?
 http://www.baeldung.com/simple-raml-with-resource-types-and-traits

14) What is HTTP verbs and explain?

https://robm.me.uk/web-development/2013/09/20/http-verbs.html

15) What is significance of media type and protocols on header?

16) What is use of Mock service and base URI?

17) What is the use of includes?

To import external RAML files it leads to reduce the size of the RAML
18) How to use URI parameters and query parameters in RAML?
19) What is nested resources?
For our blogging system, let’s add some nested resources. Nested resources are useful when
you want to call out a particular subset of your resource in order to narrow it.

Similar to the root resource, nested resources can be accessed using

http://myblog.com/v1/posts/authors. Even if the API has several nested resources defined,
 they can be easily accessed with the URL similar to the above making it very easy for the API
developers and consumers to access any nested resource.

20) What is user documentation?

https://github.com/raml-org/raml-spec/blob/master/versions/raml-10/raml-10.md#user-
documentation
21) What is security schemas?
https://github.com/raml-org/raml-spec/blob/master/versions/raml-10/raml-
10.md#security-schemes

Ref: https://raml.org/developers/document-your-api

(OR)

https://github.com/raml-org/raml-spec/blob/master/versions/raml-10/raml-10.md/
 Mule any point studio and platform:
----------------------------------------------------
1) What are the different types of flows in mule?
Sub flow – A sub flow is always synchronous. It is similar to a synchronous flow, sub
flow executes in the same thread of the calling process. Calling process triggers the
sub-flow and waits for it to complete and resumes once the sub-flow has completed.
Synchronous Flow– Same as sub-flow, the only difference is that in synchronous flows
you need to separately define an exception strategy to it, it does not inherit the
exception strategy of its calling flow.
Asynchronous Flow – As in sub-flow and synchronous flow, calling process triggers
the sub-flow and waits for it to complete; for asynchronous flow the flow, calling
process triggers an asynchronous flow and moves ahead to its next activity. An
asynchronous flow executes in parallel to its calling/parent flow in a different thread.
An asynchronous flow does not return its output it its parent/calling flow.
Private Flow – flow that does not have an inbound connector in the source. Means a
private flow cannot start of its own on receiving the inbound message as it does not
have any inbound connector, A private flow can only be called using flow-ref same as
sub-flow

2) What are the different types of variables in mule? ,explain

Flow Variable
Session Variable
Record Variable

3) Various types of exception handling?

Default Exception Handling
Global Exception Handling
Catch Exception Handling
Choice Exception Handling
Rollback Exception Handling

4) What are flow processing strategies?

Synchronous Flow Processing Strategy
Queued Flow Processing Strategy
Asynchronous Flow Processing Strategy
Thread Per Processing Strategy
Queued Asynchronous Flow Processing Strategy
Non-blocking Flow Processing Strategy
Custom Processing Strategy

5) What are the different ways to connect a database with mule DB connector?
http://www.tutorialsatoz.com/mule-tutorial-connecting-with-database-mysql/
6) What all storage type can be configured in mule?
http://www.tutorialsatoz.com/caching-in-mule-esb-cache-scope/

7) How can we create and consume Soap web services in mule?

Creating SOAP Service – We can create a SOAP service same as we create Mule
Project with RAML, the only change is instead of RAML we need to import Concert
WSDL
http://www.tutorialsatoz.com/creating-mule-project-with-raml/
Consuming SOAP Service – We can use Web Service Consumer or CXF component in
our mule flow to access/consume SOAP service.

8) What are the shared resources in mule and how they are been used?
We can make connectors as an reusable component by defining them as common
resources and expose them to all applications deployed under a same domain, these
resources are known as shared resources.
These shared resource needs to be defined inside Mule Domain Project and then
referred to each of the projects that are meant to use the elements in it

9) What is and why use API gateway?

API Gateway supports the following MuleSoft connectors only: HTTP/S ,Jetty,File,JDBC,WS-
Consumer connectors

The advantage of using a proxy is having a layer of separation to ensure that any attacks
against our API are stopped well before anyone interacts with our main servers. This creates
extra protection for our existing APIs. API Gateway acts as a proxy server that is dedicated to
hosting the proxy applications and for Lightning Connect to gather all the existing backend
APIs together which are either hosted in our on-premises standalone server or CloudHub.

The advantage of API Gateway is that it automatically creates an application that can proxy
the backend API from the URL that the backend API exposes, and we do not need to write any
code for it. Not only that, through API Manager, we can implement various runtime policies
on HTTP/HTTPS endpoints to govern our proxy API.
API Gateway solution is also very versatile, as it can be implemented both in CloudHub as well
as in on-premises
( or )

https://docs.mulesoft.com/api-manager/configuring-an-api-gateway

10) What and how to use transaction management in mule?

11) How can we deploy mule API on different environment without changing the code or
configuration details?
12) What are the policy in mule and how to implement custom policy?
13) Why Mule ESB?
Mule ESB is lightweight open source framework but highly scalable, allowing you to
start small application and connect multiple applications.
 Mule manages all the interactions between applications and components
transparently, ESB will take care of the multiple application, we can easily integrate
third party application using Mule

14) What are the Features of Mule ESB?

An ESB is a used for integration using a service-oriented approach.
Its main features are:
1. Set of Service Container
2. Message Transformation Service (XML to Object to JSON)
3. Message Routing Service (message(s) to location(s))
4. Web Service Security (HTTPS)
5. Message enhancement (a to a +x)
6. Protocol transformation (HTTP, JMS, VM, HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, TCP....)
7. Message processing
8. Process choreographers (different message to different machines)
9. Transaction management ( Stateful transaction, reliability)
10. Should supports enterprise design pattern’s

15) What are different types of Primitives used in Mediation?

These are the different types of primitives in mediation:
1. Message Filter
2. Type Filter
3. Endpoint Lookup
4. Service Invoke
5. Fan-out
6. Fan-in
7. XSLT
8. BO Map
9. Message Element Setter
10. DB lookup
11. Data Handler
12. Custom Mediation
13. Header Setters
14. Message Logger
15. Even Emitter
16. Stop
17. Fail
18. Sub Flow

16) What are the different ESBs in the market?

There are various ESB's available in the market. Some are open source, some
licenced:
1. Talend
2. Mule ESB
 3. JBoss Fuse ESB

17) How to find when the project needs ESB?

ESB implementation is not suitable for all projects. Proper analysis should be done if
the use of ESB will really benefit the project
Some of the points to be considered while analyzing the need of ESB are as follows :
If project requires integrating 3 or more applications/services. If the need is to
communicate between two applications, using point-to-point integration would
suffice.
If the project would need to be scaled in future where it might be needed to
interact with more services in future. Not all projects need this as they may perform
not that big a task.
If the project needs message routing capabilities such as forking and aggregating
message flows. Such features are not required by all projects.
Is the architecture of what is to be achieved clear. Its much better to do simple
POCs integrating small parts to evaluate the benefits.
Most ESBs are a costly affair. Does the project budget allow use of ESB

18) What are the different types of Flow Processing Strategies?

There are six different types of Flow Processing Strategies. They are
1. Asynchronous Flow Processing Strategy.
2. Custom Processing Strategy.
3. Thread Per Processing Strategy.
4. Queued Asynchronous Flow Processing Strategy.
5. Synchronous Flow Processing Strategy.
6. Non-blocking Flow Processing Strategy.
7. Queued Flow Processing Strategy.

19) Explain ESB Integration core principles?

Transformation-Data transformation between canonical data formats and specific
data formats required by each ESB connector
Transportation - Transport protocol negotiation between multiple formats. Such as
HTTP, JMS, JDBC.
Mediation-Providing multiple interfaces for the purpose of
a) supporting multiple versions of a service for backwards compatibility or
alternatively,
b) to allow for multiple channels to the same underlying component
implementation. This second requirement may involve providing multiple interfaces
to the same component, one legacy interface (flat file) and one standards compliant
(SOAP/XML) interface.
Non-functional consistency-For a typical ESB initiative, this can include consistency
around the way security and monitoring policies are applied and implemented.

20) How to select an ESB?

 Usability: How complicated is the installation process? The learning curve of the ESB
should not be long.
Maintainability: How to monitor the product? If any GUI terminal is available for
monitoring the services.
Community: Is there active community for the ESB. Various discussion forums,
tutorials etc.
Enterprise Support- Is the product support reliable. What services are available.
Flexibility: Can the ESB be configured to meet the business requirements.
Reliability: The reliablity of the ESB. Its current users and various case studies if
available.
Cost: The cost of the ESB. Its Licence policies. Support case…

21) What are the advantages of using an ESB?

Provides a way for end points to connect to each other without having to directly talk
to each other. It simplifies the communications for the end points as they only have
to conform to a standard communication interface, the bus.
An ESB provides a single place to get some key end point metrics: frequency,
availability, and performance.
An ESB tends to provide more than one communication interface. However, a
developer only needs to choose the easiest one to get and receive the data from the
bus. Some more pros
1. It supports SOA (service-oriented architecture)
a) To design robust apps
b) Divided them small micro services and their functionality
2. Hide complexity
3. Because technology based independent
4. Simple to access
5. Canonical pattern (type of design pattern)
6. Integration driven by business requirement not by the available technology

22) What are the Message Sources in Mule ESB?

Message sources in Mule are usually Any point Connectors, elements which provide
connectivity to a specific external source, either via a standard protocol (such as HTTP,
FTP, SMTP) or a third-party API (such as Salesforce.com, Twitter, or MongoDB)

23) What is the difference between ESB and JMS?

ESB provides the middleware and interfaces that allow businesses to connect their
applications without writing code.
JMS provides messaging capability and facilitates communication between the
modules/applications
24) Why the Mule soft is preferred than other ESB implementations?
Mule is lightweight but highly scalable, allowing you to start small and connect more
applications over time. The ESB manages all the interactions between applications and
components transparently, regardless of whether they exist in the same virtual
machine or over the Internet, and regardless of the underlying transport protocol
used.
Several commercial ESB implementation provide limited functionality or built on top
of an existing application server or messaging server, locking you into that specific
vendor. Mule is vendor-neutral, so different vendor implementations can plug in to it.
You are never locked in to a specific vendor when you use Mule

25) What Is Mule?

Mule is a lightweight event-driven enterprise service bus (ESB) and an integration
platform. It is a lightweight and modular solution that could scale from an application-
level messaging framework to an enterprise-wide highly distributable object broker
26) What Difficulties Mule Does Encompass?
Transport: applications can accept input from a variety of means, from the file system
to the network.
Data format: speaking the right protocol is only part of the solution, as applications
can use almost any form of representation for the data they exchange.
Invocation styles: synchronous, asynchronous, or batch call semantics entail very
different integration strategies.
Lifecycles: applications of different origins that serve varied purposes tend to have
disparate development, maintenance, and operational lifecycles

27) Why Mule Was Designed?

Mule’s core was designed as an event-driven framework combined with a unified
representation of messages, expandable with pluggable modules. These modules
would provide support for a wide range of transports or add extra features, such as
distributed transactions, security, or management. Mule was also designed as a
programmatic framework offering programmers the means to graft additional
behaviour such as specific message processing or custom data transformation

28) Why the Name Mule?

There is a lot of infrastructure work to be done before we can really start thinking
about implementing any logic. So this infrastructure work is regarded as “donkey
work” as it needs doing for every project. A Mule is also commonly referred to as a
carrier of load, moving it from one place to another. The load it specializes in moving
is our enterprise information

29) What Are Available Esb's Apart From Mule?

All major JEE vendors (BEA, IBM, Oracle, Sun) have an ESB in their catalog. It is
unremarkably based on their middleware technologies and is usually at the core of a
 much broader SOA product suite. There are also some commercial ESBs that have
been built by vendors not in the field of JEE application servers, like the ones from
Progress Software, IONA Technologies, and Software AG

30) What Are Differences Between Mule And Other Commercial Esb’s ?
Prescriptive deployment model, whereas Mule supports a wide variety of deployment
strategies. Prescriptive SOA methodology, whereas Mule can embrace the
architectural style and SOA practices in place where it is deployed. Mainly focused on
higher-level concerns, whereas Mule deals extensively with all the details of
integration. Strict full-stack web service orientation, whereas Mule’s capacities as an
integration framework open it to all sorts of other protocols. Comprehensive
documentation, a subject on which Mule Source has made huge progress recently

31) What Is Model Layer In Mule?

The first logical layer is the model layer. A Mule model represents the runtime
environment that hosts services. It defines the behaviour of Mule when processing
requests handled by services. The model provides services with supporting features,
such as exception strategies. It also provides services with default values that simplify
their configuration

32) What Is Service Layer In Mule?

A Mule service is composed of all the Mule entities involved in processing particular
requests in predefined manners. A service is defined by a specific configuration. This
configuration determines the different elements, from the different layers of
responsibility, that will be mobilized to process the requests that it will be open to
receive. Depending on the type of input channel it uses, a service may or may not be
publicly accessible outside of the ESB

33) What Is Transport Layer In Mule?

The transport layer is in charge of receiving or sending messages. This is why it is
involved with both inbound and outbound communications. A transport manifests
itself in the configuration by the following elements: connectors, endpoints and
transformers
A transport also defines one message adapter. A message adapter is responsible for
extracting all the information available in a particular request (data, meta information,
attachments, and so on) and storing them in transport-agnostic fashion in a Mule
message

34) What Is Connector In Mule?

A connector is in charge of controlling the usage of a particular protocol. It is
configured with parameters that are specific to this protocol and holds any state that
can be shared with the underlying entities in charge of the actual communications
For example: a JMS connector is configured with a Connection, which is shared by the
different entities in charge of the actual communication
35) What Is Endpoint In Mule?
An endpoint represents the specific usage of a protocol, whether it is for
listening/polling, reading from, or writing to a particular target destination. Hence it
controls what underlying entities will be used with the connector they depend on. The
target destination itself is defined as a URI. Depending on the connector, the URI will
bear a different meaning; for example, it can represent a URL or a JMS destination

36) What Is Transformer In Mule?

A transformer takes care of translating the content of a message from one form to
another. It is possible to chain transformers to cumulate their effects. Transformers
can kick in at different stages while a message transits through a service

37) What Is Router In Mule?

Routers play a crucial role in controlling the trajectory a message will follow when it
transits in Mule. They are the gatekeepers of the endpoints of a service, taking care of
keeping messages on the right succession of tracks so they can reach their intended
destinations. Certain routers act like the big classification yards: they can split, sort, or
regroup messages based on certain conditions

38) What Is Filter In Mule?

Filters are a powerful complement to the routers. Filters provide the brains routers
need to make smart decisions about what to do with messages in transit. Some filters
go as far as deeply analyzing the content of a message for a particular value on which
their outcome will be based

39) What Is Component In Mule?

Components are the centerpiece of Mule’s services. Each service is organized with a
component at its core and inbound and outbound routers around it. Components are
used to implement a specific behaviour in a service. This behaviour can be as simple
as logging messages or can go as far as invoking other services. Components can also
have no behaviour at all; in that case they are pass-through and make the service act
as a bridge between its inbound and outbound routers

40) How Message In Mule Is Composed?

A Mule message is composed of different parts: The payload, which is the main data
content carried by the message.
The properties, which contain the meta information much like the header of a SOAP
envelope or the properties of a JMS message. Optionally, multiple named
attachments, to support the notion of multipart messages.
Optionally, an exception payload, which holds any error that occurred during the
processing of the event
41) What Are Configuration Builders In Mule?
Mule uses configuration builders that can translate a human-authored configuration
file into the complex graph of objects that constitutes a running node of this ESB. The
main builders are of two kinds: a Spring-driven builder, which works with XML files,
and a script builder, which can accept scripting language files

42) Why Spring-driven Configuration Builder Is Important than Script Builder?

The advantages of Spring-driven configuration builder over Script Builder
It is the most popular — you are more likely to find examples using this syntax.
It is the most user friendly — Spring takes care of wiring together all the moving parts
of the ESB, something you must do by hand with a script builder.
It is the most expressive — dedicated XML schemas define the domain-specific
language of Mule, allowing you to handle higher-level concepts than the scripting
approach does

43) What Is Bridge Component In Mule?

A bridge component is used to pass the messages from the inbound router to the
outbound one. A bridge is a neutral component: it does not perform any action or
modify messages that it processes

44) What Tags Are Used To Configure Spring Elements In Mule?

Tags like <spring:bean/> <spring:entry/> etc. are used to configure spring stuff

45) What Are Available Approaches Used For Modularizing Configurations In Mule?
There are different following approaches that can be used when modularizing a
configuration.
Independent configurations – a Mule instance can load several independent
configuration files side by side.
Inherited configurations – main idea is to express a formal parent-child dependency
between two configurations. By strongly expressing this dependency, you will have
the guarantee at boot time that no configuration file has been omitted. Simply by
using the same name for the parent and child models and by flagging the child as being
an heir, as shown here:
<model name="myConfig">
<model name="myConfig" inherit="true">
Imported configurations – You can easily import external Spring application context
files into your Mule configuration files. The following illustrates how instance.xml
would import its Spring context file:
<spring:beans>
<spring:import resource="instance-beans.xml" />
</spring:beans>
Heterogeneous configurations – It is possible to mix several styles of Mule
configuration in an instance. An instance can be configured with a Groovy script and
Spring XML configuration builders
46) Give An Example Of Studio Connector In Mule?
<studio:connector name="SystemStreamConnector" promptMessage="Please enter
something: " messageDelayTime="1000"/>

47) Give An Example Of Http Connector In Mule?

<http:connector name="HttpConnector" proxyHostname="proxyHostname"
proxyPort="proxyPort"
proxyUsername="proxyUsername"proxyPassword="proxyPassword"/>

48) When Does Mule Instantiates A Connector?

If Mule figures out that one of our endpoints needs a particular connector, it will
automatically instantiate one for us, using all the default values for its different
configuration parameters. This is a perfectly viable approach if we are satisfied with
the behavior of the connector when it uses its default configuration. This is often the
case for the VM or HTTP transports. Note that Mule will name these default
connectors with monikers such as connector.http.0.

49) What Is Transport Service Descriptor In Mule?

The connector has a technical configuration known as the Transport Service
Descriptor (TSD). This hidden configuration is automatically used for each instance of
the connector. It defines technical parameters such as what classes to use for the
message receivers, requesters, and dispatchers; or the default transformers to use in
inbound, outbound, and response routers. Knowing these default values is essential
to grasping the behaviour of a transport

50) How Many Endpoints Are There In Mule?

There are two end points:
1. inbound 2. outbound

You will use inbound and outbound endpoints to communicate between components
and services inside Mule as well as with the outside world
51) What Is An Outbound Endpoint In Mule?
Outbound endpoints are used to send data. An outbound endpoint is used to do things
such as send SOAP messages, write to file streams, and send email messages

52) What Is Global Endpoint In Mule?

An endpoint destination that is shared by several routers, it is worth creating a global
endpoint. A global endpoint is not typified for inbound or outbound routing, making
it usable in many different places in a configuration file. It must be named so it can
actually be used in a service, which will reference the global endpoint by its name. A
global endpoint can also help clarify the usage of a particular destination

53) Why Does An Endpoint In Mule Offer An Address Attribute?

 This allows us to configure a generic endpoint using the Mule 1.x style of URI-based
destination addresses instead of the dedicated attributes of the specific endpoint
element

54) Give An Example Of File Endpoint In Mule?

<file:endpoint name="tmpPoller" path="/tmp"
fileAge="1000"pollingFrequency="2000"/>

55) What Is Streaming Property In File Connector In Mule?

The value of this streaming property can be either true or false. If it is set to true then
we are actually working on stream of file data otherwise we are working with file itself
56) What Is Polling frequency Property In File Connector In Mule?
When we want file inbound endpoints to poll their source directories for new content.
This is accomplished by setting the polling Frequency to some milliseconds value

57) What Is Auto delete Property in File Connector In Mule?

The default value of auto Delete is true. Therefore, a file inbound endpoint will, by
default, remove the file from the source directory once it is read by the inbound
endpoint. If you do not want to delete file automatically then you can set auto Delete
property to false

58) What Is File age Property in File Connector in Mule?

The file Age property specifies how long the endpoint should wait before reading the
file again. For instance, a file Age of 60000 indicates Mule should wait a minute before
processing the file again

59) How to Send Only Certain Types of File from One Directory To Another In Mule?
Use the below element in file inbound to filter certain types of files
<file:filename-wildcard-filter pattern="file*.xml"/>
</file:inbound-endpoint> pattern indicates what pattern of file names should move
from one directory to another directory

60) What Is VM Transport In Mule?

The VM transport is a special kind of transport that you’ll use to send messages via
memory. These messages never leave the JVM the Mule instance is running in

61) What Is Multicasting Router In Mule?

The multicasting router can send messages to multiple endpoints over different
transports. The multicasting router allows you to easily move the same messages
across these different endpoints
62) What Is Mule Transformer?
It is an event, more specifically an instance of org.mule.api.MuleEvent. This object
carries not only the actual content of the message but also the context of the event

63) What Is Mule Context?

The Mule context is composed of references to different objects, including security
credentials, if any, the session in which the request is processed. All internals of the
ESB are accessible through Mule context

64) What Is Payload In Mule?

The content of a message, also known as payload. It is wrapped in an instance of
org.mule.api.MuleMessage, which provides different means of accessing the payload
under different forms. A Mule Message also contains properties, much like the header
of a SOAP envelope or the properties of a JMS message, and can also have multiple
named attachments

65) What Are Different Type Of Messages In Mule?

Bridge messages: Pass messages from inbound to outbound routers.
Echo and log messages: Log messages and move them from inbound to outbound
routers.

Build messages: Create messages from fixed or dynamic values

66) Do I Need An Esb?

Mule and other ESBs offer real value in scenarios where there are at least a few
integration points or at least 3 applications to integrate. They are also well suited to
scenarios where loose coupling, scalability and robustness are required

67) Why Mule Esb?

Mule ESB is lightweight but highly scalable, allowing you to start small and connect
more applications over time. Mule manages all the interactions between applications
and components transparently, regardless of whether they exist in the same virtual
machine or over the Internet, and regardless of the underlying transport protocol used
There are currently several commercial ESB implementations on the market.
However, many of these provide limited functionality or are built on top of an existing
application server or messaging server, locking you into that specific vendor. Mule is
vendor-neutral, so different vendor implementations can plug in to it. You are never
locked in to a specific vendor when you use Mule

68) What is Shared Context?

Shared Context: Context is a temporary area which is created along with Service
Message Object (SMO) in the Mediation Flows. Shared Context is a type of context
which is present in the SMO. Shared Context is mainly used when we are using
Aggregation process where we need to Iterate the BO for Certain times. Shared
 Context maintains Aggregation data between Aggregation (FanOut and FanIn)
primitives. The Content (data) which is present in the shared context BO does not
persist across Request and Response flows i.e. The Data in the Shared Context which
is used in Request flow can not be used again in Response flow

69) What is Transient Context?

Transient Context: Used for passing values between Mediation primitives within the
current flow — either the request flow or the responses flow. The transient context
cannot link requests and responses and hence cannot be used across.
Used when you want to save an input message before a service invokes call (within a
request or response flow). After the services invoke call, the next primitive can create
another message by combining the service invoke response and the original message
stored in the transient context

70) What is Correlation Context?

Correlation Context: Used when Mediation primitives want to pass values from the request
flow to the response flow. Used to pass values from the request message onto the
response

71) Difference between Callout and Service Invoke?

Service Invoke: The Service Invoke primitive is used to make a service request in either
a request or response mediation flow. The service may be Request/Response or One-
Way. Multiple instances of the Service Invoke primitive are permitted in a flow,
allowing a series of service invocations to be performed.
Callout: The Callout receives the message and calls the requested service and
operation. There is a Callout node for each connected target operation in the
mediation flow.
– If the call is successful, the Callout Response node in the response flow receives the
response message.
– If the call is unsuccessful, the Callout can be set to retry service invocations
depending on the type of fault received.

72) How can you implement a loop in mediation?

By using Fan-in and Fan-out primitive.

73) What is the functionality of Fan-in and Fan-out?

Fan-out: We can use the Fan Out primitive to fire the output terminal once (with the
input message) or to fire the output terminal multiple times. You can use Fan Out in
isolation or as part of a Fan Out and Fan In combination.
Fan-In: Fan In is always partnered with a Fan Out in the same flow and acts as a
decision point for when to continue flow execution. It receives a number of messages
until a decision point is reached, at which point the last message to be received is
 propagated to the output terminal. The Fan In primitive may only be used in
combination with Fan Out

74) How can you change the runtime changes using mediation primitive?
We have future called Promotable properties in ESB. We can configure this future
while development. Then we can make it changed at runtime without restarting the
server it can be published
75) What are all the configurations required for JDBC Adapter implementation?
Data Source needs to be created and need to configure with DB. If we have security,
then need to created security authentication

76) What is the Difference between SDO and SMO?

SDO: Service Data Object is the representation of the variable or Object.
SMO: The SMO model is a pattern for using SDO Data Objects to represent messages

77) What is the Difference between Stop and fail?

Stop: Stops a particular path in the flow, without generating an exception
Fail: Generates a failure in the flow

78) Why am I getting ‘Unable to get resource from repository’ while building the Mule
examples?

79) How to use Mule HQ with Mule?

 80) What is a Mule UMO?
A Mule UMO is a Universal Message Object
UMO is now a legacy term. What was once referred to as UMO Components are now
referred to as Service Components

81) Mule won’t start? Check your Environment?

The java and mule environment variables must be setup correctly for mule to start. If
you are experiencing problems check the following variables:
MULE_HOME – should be the location of the mule install
JAVA_HOME – should be the location of the JDK
PATH – should have both JAVA_HOME\bin and MULE_HOME\bin in the path.
Check all of the above carefully. Some systems with multiple JDK’s installed can end
up with incorrect mappings between the PATH and the JAVA_HOME, which will stop
mule from loading

82) How to add classes/jars to the Mule class path?

Use the MULE_LIB variable (generally set in the run script)
To include JAR file(s) in a mule class path, declare each dependent jar file in the
MULE_LIB entry.
For spring resource, if the XML bean declaration is placed within a project, include the
project JAR file in the class path too (i.e., if not included, Mule will throw a **.xml not
found on class path)

83) What is Mule Data Integrator?

Mule has released a data integrator tool, it is a visual mapping tool which supports flat
file, java object, XML mappings, etc. Coding complex mappings can be very tedious and
additionally difficult to maintain, the mule data integrator with drag and drop facilities makes
building and maintaining mappings very simple
The mapping is done in eclipse (plugins required) and executed on a data integrator runtime
which sits on top of Mule ESB – this requires a license
84) Where to find the class Abstract Mule Test Case?
This is in 1.4/1.4.1 distributions but was missing from the 1.3.3 distribution – the class
is defined in <mulehome>/lib/mule/mule-core-<version>.jar

 General :
---------------------

1) At Mule soft we prefer to hire those with an education in computer science or other
related field. Walk me through your post-secondary education and training.
I recently completed my Diploma in Information Technology. I also have a great deal
of on the job training and certifications, all listed on my resume. One of the biggest
take-away's from my post-secondary experience was learning how to successfully
manage my time while working on multiple projects. I perfected my multi-tasking skills
and look forward to bringing those to work for Mule soft

2) What would you consider your technical specialty?

I have been focusing my career on becoming a cloud integration specialist although I
do have cross platform app development expertise as well

3) We seek to hire highly ambitious people. Where would you like your career with Mulesoft
take you?

4) This role with Mulesoft is highly technical. What is your understanding of this position and
the responsibilities that come with it?
My understanding is that you seek a candidate with expert level skills in X, Y, and Z,
who can train junior employees. I am an expert user in all three of these areas. Do you
have any questions about my technical expertise?

5) In your opinion, what has been the biggest advancement in technology this past year?
The most impressive advancement in technology, in my opinion, is the continued
advancement of mobile integration. Most of the modern world is connected by tech
and we can do absolutely everything from our phones these days
6) Tell me about the most interesting project you have worked on this year and the biggest
thing you learned from it.
I find the majority of the projects that I have been working on this past year to be very
interesting. If I had to choose one, I would choose working on the Uber app. Since I
am still in my internship, I didn't have any major contributions; however, I learned a
lot about on-demand apps and building a friendly user interface

7) At Mule soft we take pride in our ability to stay one step ahead of our competitors. How
will you contribute to this trend?
I think that the best way to stay ahead of competitors is to keep your projects as simple
as possible while remaining innovative. People want simple, easy products, that they
can understand. What I've seen from my competitors lately is that they over
complicate their products. I offer clean and consistent work that your buyers would
relate to
8) Looking at our products and services, what do you think we do better at Mule soft than
any of our competitors?
After reading reviews on your company, I believe that your reputation is the most solid
and sincere of all your competitors. Amazing service is always the best way to stand
out

9) At Mule soft we take privacy and confidentiality very seriously. Are you willing to sign a
non-disclosure agreement, if hired?
I am happy to review any privacy and confidentiality agreements that you have
10) We consider research to be the backbone of what we do at Mule soft. Do you think it's
important to conduct research before beginning a project or would you rather jump right
in?
Although there are some instances where jumping right in may be required, I always
prefer to research before I being a project. Rest assured, I would always follow your
preferred methods, should I be hired

11) I would like to have a full understanding of your experience and portfolio. What types of
industries have your previous projects been involved in?
A great alternative to explaining your projects is to bring a physical portfolio with you.
"I wanted to show you a full range of my experience so I have brought you a digital
portfolio of my work. Would you like to take a look?

12) Tell me about your greatest work related accomplishment.

My greatest work related accomplishment was the management promotion I received
at Company X after just one year. I worked very hard for that promotion and was so
happy when my work and dedication was rewarded. It really kick-started my career

13) Working at Mule soft, you will experience changes on a regular basis. When have you had
to change a major component of your project due to new information being presented?
I would say that being in the software and technology business means changing major
components on projects on a very regular basis. I am very well accustomed to
 changing gears on a moment's notice and am able to adapt very well." (Give a recent
example, if you are able)

14) At Mule soft we value organization. Tell us about a time when you were particularly
effective on prioritizing tasks and completing a project on schedule.
Last week I was asked to lead our team while our manager was away. I created a
checklist of things that needed to be completed in order to reach our deadlines. I
gathered the team to discuss our goals and asked for input and ideas to get us there.
It was a great experience for me because not only was I able to exercise my leadership
capabilities, I was also able to learn more about prioritizing, from my team.

15) If you could start your career over again, what direction would you take?
I cannot even think of another career than the one that I have! If I had to choose, I
would pursue a career in the arts so that I could continue to exercise my creative side
16) Who would you say inspires you?
I am continually inspired by the books that I read! Whether it is the author, or the
characters themselves, I love to get lost in a good novel for inspiration

17) What experience do you have using team-based messaging applications?

Although I have not worked with a team based messaging application, I am confident
that I would learn very quickly. Which team based messaging apps do you use at Mule
soft? I would love to get a head start and begin learning

18) Culture fit is important to us at Mule soft. How would you describe your personality?
Try to include a variety of words that the interviewer does not hear all the time. Be
unique! Here are some ideas: - Adaptable - Considerate - Diligent - Intuitive - Persistent
- Resourceful - Sincere – Witty

19) We encourage innovation at Mule soft. When have you created a new product or service?
In my current position, I create new products and services nearly every week! The
most recent product that I created was X. It was well received by our customers and
we are continuing to expand on the product now
20) At Mule soft we seek to hire leaders. Tell me about a time when you took the initiative to
improve work related procedures.
I recently made suggestions to my manager in relation to the team messaging
application we were using. I found a team based app that offered a lower monthly
cost, with added features. He took the suggestion and it has worked really well for our
team! The company was happy with the cost savings as well

21) What do you think you will like about this role with Mule soft?
I am really looking forward to getting more experience in UI, and feel that Mule soft is
the best place for me. You have a great reputation for creating beautiful and easy to
use products

22) How do you keep up-to-date on new technologies and trends in this industry?
 I keep up on new trends in this industry by taking additional coursework online,
whenever possible. I also follow a few of my favourite influencers on social media

23) Have you ever broken a confidentiality agreement?

Professional answer I have never been bound by a confidentiality agreement;
however, I would never knowingly break an agreement

24) How do you define success?

I consider a project a success only when I have produced work that I can be proud of

25) We want to hire people at Mule soft who have the desire to lead others. How many
people did you supervise at your last position?
Although I did not officially supervise anyone in my most recent position, I always had
my eye out for opportunities to lead or mentor the more junior staff
26) What are your salary expectations?
I am looking for a base salary of $68-72,000 in my next position

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Sample Projects:
https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-user-guide/v/3.3/mule-examples
https://docs.mulesoft.com/getting-started/anypoint-connector