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Modifications:
Listed below are the three different levels used for this lab. Each lab is titled with the appropriate level. They are also included in labeled sections on the preview to the left.
Independent Inquiry: This level will be the most student-centered
experience. Suggestions are made for the students to get started, but most of the decisions will be student-centered. The students will be responsible for most aspects of the lab and will have the least guidance. Suggested for advanced learners.
Dependent Inquiry: This level will be written with a combination
of procedural instructions and inquiry questions. They are moderately student-centered with guided inquiry questions throughout the lab. Suggested for on-level learners.
Modified Inquiry: This level will be the least student-centered
experience. Teachers may want to eliminate parts of the lab and change the questioning to include sentence stems or multiple choice questions. Suggested for learners with modifications.
Read more about leveling the labs on this blog post.
CER:
Students will be using the CER model at the conclusion of the lab. The CER model includes 3 parts.
1. Claim – A statement that answers the original question. Usually one
sentence in length. Must be specific and answer the question. 2. Evidence – Scientific data that supports the claim. It may include numbers but can also state observations. 3. Reasoning – Explanation that connects evidence to the claim. Answers “why” the evidence supports the claim. Includes science concepts by name (ex. thermal energy, chemical reaction).
YouTube Video on the CER Model. (CER - Claim Evidence Reasoning –
Standards: TEKS: MS PS 6.8B Identify and describe the changes in position, direction, and speed of an object when acted upon by unbalanced forces.
Teacher Notes:
In this lab, students will apply and identify unbalanced forces that affect the position, speed, and direction of an object.
Materials per Group: Additional Materials
• Tape measure Independent students: • Masking tape • Marble • Scotch tape • Die cast toy car • 1 sheet of printer paper • Paper clips • Paper airplane templates
Name(s) _______________________________________________ Date ______
Unbalanced Forces Student Lab Sheet
Essential Question(s): How are the position, direction, and speed of
an object affected by unbalanced forces?
Background or Phenomena: When you kick a soccer ball, it requires a force from your foot in order to make it move. Similar forces are needed to throw a football or to pitch a baseball.
Newton’s Law of Motion states that
an object will remain in rest unless acted on by an outside force greater than its own inertia. By kicking the soccer ball or throwing the football, you are exerting a force on the ball that stops it from being at rest.
A force is a push or pull. When the push or pull is from two forces of equal size in opposite directions it is called balanced force. If you kicked the ball so gently that it did not move, the force of your kick and the force of the ball's inertia were balanced. Nothing changes with balanced forces.
If the force is of different sizes, one force will overcome the other and cause a change in position, direction, or velocity. This is called an unbalanced force. When you kick the ball hard enough to make it move, the force of your kick is greater than the force of the ball's inertia.
In this lab, you will apply and identify unbalanced forces that affect the position, speed, and direction of a paper airplane.
Materials per Group:
• Tape measure • 1 sheet of printer paper • Masking tape • Paper clips • Scotch tape • Paper airplane templates
Unbalanced Forces Student Lab Sheet Procedures: 1. Use the tape measure or yardstick and mark a 4 ft. lane on the ground. Mark the start and finish line with the masking tape.
2. Make your favorite paper airplane and secure the edges with the scotch tape.
3. Assign one group member to signal the start of the test, one to time the test from the finish line, and one to throw the paper airplane.
4. When the signal is given, launch the plane and start the timer at the same time.
5. Record the distance and time when the plane crosses the finish line or lands on the table.
6. Now attach paper clips to the nose of the plane and retest.
7. Record the time and distance when the plane crosses the finish line below.
8. Finally, have the person that signaled the test gently blow air across the lane as the airplane is in the air.
9. Record the time and distance when the plane crosses the finish line below.
Did the distance and time that the airplane traveled change over the launches? By how much? Student’s answers will vary based off of experimental results.
Which launch caused the airplane to go the farthest?
Student’s answers will vary based off of experimental results.
Why do you think this launch went the furthest?
Student’s answers will vary based off of experimental results.
What were the unbalanced forces used in this lab?
The unbalanced forces used were the addition of air and paper clips.
Check for understanding:
What is an unbalanced force? Forces that cause a change in the motion, direction, or speed of an object are unbalanced forces.
Conclusion: How are the position, direction, and speed of an object
affected by unbalanced forces?
Claim: An unbalanced force affects the position, direction, and speed of an object by pushing or pulling it with a great enough force to unbalance what is already being applied according to the mass of the object.
Evidence: When paperclips were added to the paper airplane, a greater force was acting upon it which made the distance it traveled decrease. When the small wind was added to the experiment, this was also enough force to change the position, speed, and direction of the plane.
Reasoning: The paper airplane weighed very little. Because of this, a small amount of added force caused the paper airplane to change its trajectory. This small amount of force was seen by the addition of a wind and by an addition of weight via the paperclips used in the experiment.
Reflections:
1. What is it called when two objects are the same size but have opposite actions? Balanced forces
2. What is needed to change the position, direction, or speed of an object
that is already in motion? An unbalanced force
3. What happens when forces become unbalanced? It causes a change in
Name(s) _______________________________________________ Date ______
Unbalanced Forces Student Lab Sheet
Essential Question(s): How are the position, direction, and speed of
an object affected by unbalanced forces?
Background or Phenomena: When you kick a soccer ball, it requires a force from your foot in order to make it move. Similar forces are needed to throw a football or to pitch a baseball.
Newton’s Law of Motion states that
an object will remain in rest unless acted on by an outside force greater than its own. By kicking the soccer ball or throwing the football, you are exerting a force on the ball that stops it from being at rest.
A force is a push or pull. When the push or pull is from two forces of equal size in opposite directions it is called balanced force. If you kicked the ball so gently that it did not move, the force of your kick and the force of the ball's inertia were balanced. Nothing changes with balanced forces.
If the force is of different sizes, one force will overcome the other and cause a change in position, direction, or velocity. This is called an unbalanced force. When you kick the ball hard enough to make it move, the force of your kick is greater than the force of the ball's inertia.
In this lab, you will apply and identify unbalanced forces that affect the position, speed, and direction of a paper airplane.
Materials per Group:
• Tape measure • 1 sheet of printer paper • Masking tape • Paper clips • Scotch tape • Paper airplane templates
Unbalanced Forces Student Lab Sheet Procedures: 1. Use the tape measure or yardstick and mark a 4 ft. lane on the ground. Mark the start and finish line with the masking tape.
2. Make your favorite paper airplane and secure the edges with the scotch tape.
3. Assign one group member to signal the start of the test, one to time the test from the finish line, and one to throw the paper airplane.
4. When the signal is given, launch the plane and start the timer at the same time.
5. Record the distance and time when the plane crosses the finish line or lands on the table.
6. Now attach paper clips to the nose of the plane and retest.
7. Record the time and distance when the plane crosses the finish line below.
8. Finally, have the person that signaled the test gently blow air across the lane as the airplane is in the air.
9. Record the time and distance when the plane crosses the finish line below.
Name(s) _______________________________________________ Date ______
Unbalanced Forces Student Lab Sheet
Essential Question(s): How are the position, direction, and speed of
an object affected by unbalanced forces?
Background or Phenomena: When you kick a soccer ball, it requires a force from your foot in order to make it move. Similar forces are needed to throw a football or to pitch a baseball.
Newton’s Law of Motion states that
an object will remain in rest unless acted on by an outside force greater than its own. By kicking the soccer ball or throwing the football, you are exerting a force on the ball that stops it from being at rest.
A force is a push or pull. When the push or pull is from two forces of equal size in opposite directions it is called balanced force. If you kicked the ball so gently that it did not move, the force of your kick and the force of the ball's inertia were balanced. Nothing changes with balanced forces.
If the force is of different sizes, one force will overcome the other and cause a change in position, direction, or velocity. This is called an unbalanced force. When you kick the ball hard enough to make it move, the force of your kick is greater than the force of the ball's inertia.
In this lab, you will apply and identify unbalanced forces that affect the position, speed, and direction of a paper airplane.
Unbalanced Forces Student Lab Sheet Procedures: 1. Use the items on your materials list to create one experiment with two variables and a control test that demonstrates how unbalanced forces affect position, direction, and speed. Repeat the experiment for the control and each variable.
2. Create a data table that allows you to compare the position, direction, and speed based off of the variables that you tested. Your data should allow you to determine how unbalanced forces affect position, direction, and speed.
