Readings in Philippine History data available.

This however does not

History - from the Greek word Historie or Historia preclude the fact that a historian uses also
which means “learning, inquiry and or investigation” unwritten sources such as oral accounts
and traditions.
Historiography
- refers to the study of history itself HOW DOES HISTORY LINKS THE PAST,
- analyzes (the history writer, the motives of the PRESENT and FUTURE
writer, the sources of the writer)  It provides us with the capacity to analyze
- the context when the history was written. previous events and phenomena which
- Theories are applied and other historical therefore will provide us with proper basis on
methods. how to view the present and the future.
 Will provide us with a strong basis for
Element of History providing answers for problems that pervades
1. Historian – refers to the person writing the at present.
history.  Our historical view will in itself provide us
2. Place – the location where the history was with the manner by which we view the present
written. and how we prepare for the future.
3. Period – refers to the context of the time
when the history was written. E. Kent Rogers
4. Sources – refers to the basis of claims or  To know about the roots of our current
analysis of the historian such as documents, culture.
written or oral accounts.  To learn about human nature by looking at the
trend that repeat through history.
Nature of History as an Academic Discipline  To learn about mistakes of those who have
 History has no subject matter of its own. Of gone before us.
course, the subject matter of history covers all Ambeth Ocampo
the persons and all events that have happened  History can be a mere narrative of past events,
in the past. It is actually very broad since it while kasaysayan is not just a narrative or
does cover everything that has happened in the salaysay – it must have saysay or meaning.
society including all aspects from political,  Saysay gives us a way or looking at the world,
economic social, culture etc. a Filipino viewpoint that influences the way
 History synthesizes knowledge from other we see the past, the present, and hopefully the
fields. Since it covers all phenomena, History future.
as a branch of the Social Sciences analyzes the
relations of different events, their cause and Sources of History
effects using also the knowledge used in other Primary Source
fields of the Social Sciences such as - provides direct or firsthand evidence about
Anthropology, Sociology Economics etc. an event, object, person, or work of art.
 History illuminates pieces of the past. History - the evidences by eyewitnesses or created by
provides for explanations of things that people who experienced the said event or
happened in the past. By looking at phenomena.
relationships of different events and Ex.
phenomena, it provides explanations for - Historical and legal documents
seemingly unexplainable gaps. - Statistical data
 History is constantly changing. Since claims - Surveys
to historical facts are based on personal - Eyewitness accounts
accounts, documents and artifacts, a historian - Pieces of creative writing, audio and video
makes an analysis based only on available recordings, speeches, and art objects.
sources of data. The historian cannot conclude - Fieldwork
something which is baseless. Unlike other - Results of experiments
Social Sciences which can gather actual and - Interviews
real time data or conduct experiments to test - Internet communications via email, blogs and
their hypothesis, historians have to rely on newsgroups
what is available. Therefore, when new data Secondary Source
are discovered, previous historical accounts - interpretations of history They describe,
can be changed. discuss, interpret, comment upon, analyze,
 History sheds light to truth. Since a historian evaluate, summarize, and process primary
constantly write about previous phenomena sources.
using historical sources as basis, all claims - products of people or writers who were not
therefore supports only the truth base on the part of the event or phenomena.
Ex. Internal Criticism
- Articles in newspaper - You must be able to analyze and interpret
- Popular magazines the contents of documents in their real
- Book (except autobiographies) meaning.
- Movie reviews - You must refrain from making your own
- Articles found in scholarly journals that conclusions so as not to convey their own
discuss or evaluate someone else’s original interpretation rather than the true meaning of
research. the content.
Tertiary Source - Question the motive of the writer and
- Contain information that has been compiled question the accuracy of the document.
from primary and secondary sources. - Verify the writer of the document.
Ex. - The truthfulness or veracity of the document
- Almanacs should be established
- Chronologies - *In cases of contradicting records, the
- Dictionaries and encyclopedias historian should corroborate the facts from
- Directories other claims or documents.
- Guidebooks
- Indexes Authorship
- Abstracts - No manuscript for Sa Aking Mga Kabatà
- Manuals written in Rizal's handwriting exists. The
- Textbooks poem supposedly wrote in 1869 where he was
only 8 years old then.
Types of Historical Sources - The poem contains some very mature
1. Archival Material insights for an eight-year-old boy – the
 Archives “stinky fish” line notwithstanding.
 Manuscripts
 Business and personal Date and Place of Publication
correspondence - The poem was first published in 1906, a
 Diaries decade after his death, in a book authored by
 Journals the poet Hermenigildo Cruz.
 Legal and financial documents
 Photographs Textual Errors
 Maps - In Rizal’s childhood they spelled words with a
 Architectural drawings “c” rather than “k.” Further, the word
 Objects “kalayaan” (freedom) is used twice.
 Oral histories
 Computer tapes Meaning of words used
 Video and audio cassettes - Kalayaan was not a common word in 1869
and there is irrefutable evidence that Jose
2. Government Documents – provide evidence Rizal himself did not learn the word until he
of activities, functions, and policies at all was 25 years old. Rizal first encountered the
government levels. word atleast by 1872 the years after the
3. Serials execution of GOMBURZA
- Journals - Zeus Salazar: “Laya/calayaan was not yet
- Magazines needed in writing before 1864 and even later,
- Newspapers especially since timawa/catimaoan was still
4. Visual and Audio Materials – 1926 widely used back then as meaning
Documentary about the Igorots ‘free/freedom.’”

Historical Criticism
External Criticism - physical examinations of sources
like documents, manuscripts, books, pamphlets, maps,
inscriptions and monuments.
 Authorship-author’s name in itself can provide
for the test of authenticity
 Date and place of publication-correct
 Textual errors. (unintentional errors,
intentional errors)
 Meanings of words used-words used usually
changes from generation to generation.
“First voyage around the world”  Vasco de Gama – was a Portuguese explorer
In search of New lands and nobleman.
- Asian goods reached Europe via Silk Road - He was the first European to reach
- Arab – Italian Trade Route India by sea.
Trade Route Note: Portugal were a few years ahead of the Spaniards
- Silk Road because they have 3 or more navigators than Spain.
- Arab – Italian
Spain
3 Major Reasons  Christopher Columbus – was a navigator,
 Economic - Gold colonizer, and explorer from Geona, Italy.
 Political – Glory - He discovered America or before
 Religion – God referred to New world

Important Spices that Europeans Sought after:

 Pepper
 Ginger
 Nutmeg
 Onions
 Garlic

Why Do Europeans need spices?

 Used as preservatives
 Enhanced the taste of the food
 For medical purposes  Marriage between Queen Isabella of Castile
and King Ferdinand of Aragon II resulted to
List of Products that European does not have: in the rise of Spain as a world power. Inspired
 Porcelain by the success of Portugal, Spain aspired to
 Carpet have a fair share in the spice trade. They
 Perfume started to explore their options outside the
Iberian Peninsula, even financed tans-Atlantic
 Silk
voyages of Christopher Columbus.
 Coffee
 Sugar
After these, remarkable voyages, Portugal and Spain
 Spices became keen rivals in colonizing new lands because of
gold, spices, and other merchandise found in the Orient.
In search of new lands
On May 3, 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued a papal bull
also known as the Inter Caetera.

Spanish Zone of Exploration

- West of the imaginary line drawn north to
south, 100 league west of the Azores and Cape
Verde Islands

IN SEARCH OF NEW LANDS

Spanish Zone of Exploration
The Portuguese were a few years ahead of the Spaniards - West of the imaginary line drawn north to
in the discovery of new trade routes. south, 100 league west of the Azores and Cape
Verde Islands
Portugal Portugal Zone of Exploration
 Prince Henry The Navigator – he - All lands east of the demarcation line
established a Maritime School
- Was responsible for the early
development of Portuguese
exploration and maritime trade
 Bartolomeu Dias – the first European
navigator to round and reached the southern
tip of Africa in 1488 and named it the Cape
of Good Hope
Two treaty:  Pernambuco, Brazil (November 29, 1519) 5
 Tordesillas Treaty (1494) boats
 Zaragoza Treaty (1529)  Rio de Janeiro (December 13, 1519) 5 boats
 Port San Julian (March 1520) 4 boats
Treaty of Tordesillas  Strait of Magellan (August 1520) 3 boats
- treaty between Portugal and Spain in 1494 in
which they decided to divide up all the land in
the Americas between the two of them, no
matter who was already living there.
- Move the demarcation line 370 leagues west
of Cape Verde Islands and still be guided by
the provisions of the papal bull.

Ferdinand Magellan
 a Portuguese explorer who organized the
Spanish expedition to the East Indies.
 One of his main objectives was to search for a
new maritime path to the Spice Islands that
would not violate Spain’s Treaty with
Portugal (Treaty of Tordesillas).
 In 1505, Magellan, sailed with a fleet carrying
the first Portuguese viceroy to the East Indies
in 1506 and from there, was sent to Malacca
in the Malay Peninsula and the spice markets
of Ambon and Banda in Western Indonesia.
 Magellan proposed to the King of portugal his
plan to travel a westward route to the
Moluccas. (Spice Island)
 Magellan presented his plan to King Charles I
of Spain and got his support.

Rediscovery of the Philippines

Magellan’s New Route to the East
 Magellan left the port of San Lucar de
Barrameda, Spain on September 20, 1519 with
around 235 men and five ships namely
Ships Captain # of men
Trinidad Ferdinand 55
Magellan
Concepcion Gaspar de 45
Quesada
Santiago Juan Serrano 32
San Antonio Juan de 60
Cartagena
Victoria Luis de 43
Mendoza
 The expedition intended to circumnavigate the
earth in the service of Spain.
Rediscovery of the Philippines
IMPORTANT: First island: Zamal
 Fr. Pedro de Valderrama – fleet chaplain  Present day: Samar
 Antonio Pigafetta – chronicler of the  Encountered natives sailing to “Zuluan”
expedition  Encountered a drink called “uraca/arrack”
 Duarte Barbosa – Magellan’s brother-in-law (palm wine or coconut wine )
 Enrique – Malay slave acting as interpreter  Described the uses of coconut – oil, wine,
vinegar, milk
Magellan’s New Route to the EAST  Natives are naked and are covered with
 Canaries (September 26, 1519) 5 boats tattoos
 Their natives where called “balanghai”
March 16, 1521 They saw the towering heights of - Almost 800 locals were baptized
Samar and named the island “Islas de San Lazaro” - Pigafetta showed the Queen an image of our
Lady, a very beautiful wooden child Jesus,
Second Island: Humuno and a cross
 Present day: “Homonhon Island, Eatern - She asked for the little child Jesus to keep in
Samar” place of her idols and this image of child Jesus
 Pigafetta described the places as “Acquada is now known as the Sto. Nino found in Cebu.
dali beuni segnali” (The Watering-place of
Good signs)
 The island was inhabited  Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula of Mactan
 Resting and gathering fresh food and water welcomed the Spaniards but not Lapu-lapu
March 17, 1521 They landed on the small uninhabited another chieftain of Mactan.
islet of Humunu (Homonhon) found at the mouth of  Cali Pulacu is Lapu-lapu’s real name
Leyte Gulf and built two tents for the sick.  Lapu-lapu refused to accept the new political
system and pay tribute. He decided to break
March 18, 1521 They met nine natives from the away from Rajah Humabon.
neighboring island of Suluan who arrived in a boat.

March 28, 1521 Context of the Battle

- The fleet landed in Masao, Butuan, Agusan Magellan alliance – Rajah Humabon – conflict
del Norte or Limasawa, island in Southern lapulapu Datu Zula
Leyte.
- Rajah Kolambu rowed to where the European April 27, 1521
were. - Magellan invaded Mactan.
- He led an army of 60 steel-clad Spaniards in
three vessels and 1,000 Cebuano warrior in 30
Pigafetta’s account on Magellan’s voyage in the
boats.
Philippine islands
- Magellan was wounded in battle. A poisoned
Name of the place in Present name of the
arrow hit his right leg and then a bamboo
the source place
spear struck his face.
Zamal Samar island
- May 1, 1521- the natives of Cebu carried out
Humuno Homonhon Island,
Samar the plan to massacre them.
Mazzaua Limasawa, Leyte or
Masao, Butuan?? Juan Sebastian Elcano
Zubu Cebu Island  May 2, 1521 – they abandoned and burned the
Matan Mactan, Cebu ship Concepcion, the fleet reduced to Victoria
and Trinidad fled westward to Palawan.
March 29, 1521 The rajah sealed their new friendship  June 21, 1521 – left Palawan and sailed to
by means of kasi-kasi or blood compact ceremony. Borneo and eventually reached Moluccas
 Magellan gave him yellow and red robe. Island.
 December 18, 1521 – they left Moluccas
March 31, 1521 Island for Spain.
- A mass was held with Fr. Pedro de  Trinidad sprang a leak and unable to repair,
Valderrama officiating. was abandoned.
- Magellan named the country Islas de San  September 6, 1522 – the Ship Victoria
Lazaro. retuned to Spain after crossing the Indian and
Atlantic Ocean.
April 7, 1521
- Magellan together with Rajah Kolambu and Going Back to Spain
the Spanish and native fleets landed on Sugbu  Tidore, Moluccas (november 8, 1521) 2
(Cebu). boats
- Humabon made a blood compact with  San Lucar, Spain (September 6, 1522) 1 boat
Magellan after the latter had won his trust and
friendship.

APRIL 14, 1521

- A mass on the shore of Cebu was held with
Rajah Humabon and his people attending the
ceremony.
Relevance also provided the first form of Civil Code,
- The Magellan expedition proves that the earth used by local governors to administer justice.
is not flat but an oblate sphere.  A mystical work which he entitled "La
- Magellan and his men completed the first Santina", was an Opus number on prayer and
circumnavigation of the world. contemplation entirely done in the Tagalog
- It confirmed that the Portuguese route is not language so the natives who did not know
the only way to Spice Islands. Spanish could also engage in the spiritual
- Bought to the attention of Europeans that on exercises of their teachers.
the other side of American continent exist a  Juan de Plasencia died in Liliw, Laguna in
large body of water which they named Mar 1590.
Pacifico (Pacific Ocean).
- Enriched Philippine historiography because it The Customs of the Tagalogs
contains important details about the Visayan  Help us in understanding and preserving
Islands in the 16th century. the traditions of the ancient Filipinos
- The prominent leaders were identifying, before they were Christianized.
economic activities, social and cultural
 Boxer codex – considered as the
practices, and religious beliefs.
manuscript that contains different ethnic
- It is the main historical information about the
beginning of Christianity in the Philippines. groups in the Philippines and across the
- It showed the reaction of the natives when southeast Asian Regions.
they first met the Spaniards.  Luis Perez Des Marinas – (Spanish
soldier) become the Governor-General of
the Philippines.
THE CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG
(RELASCION DE LAS COSTUMBRES DE LOS Description of early Filipinos
TAGALOS)  The Bisayans are
- Juan de Plasencia accustomed to
paint their bodies
Juan de Plasencia with some very
- Friar of the Franciscan elegant tattoos.
Order in the Philippines They do this with
 He spent most of his iron or brass rods,
missionary life in the the points of which are heated on fire.
Philippines, where he  These are done in the manner illuminations,
founded numerous towns paintings all parts of the body, such as the
in Luzon and authored chest, the stomach, legs, arms, shoulders,
several religious and linguistic books, most hands, and muscles, and among some, the
notably the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian posteriors.
Doctrine), the first book ever printed in the  Bisayans are sometimes called the Pintados.
Philippines  Tattoo serves as a trophy or medal (showing
 The purpose of the book is to convert Filipinos strength).
to be catholic.  A Tagalog Noble couple
 Also join forces with another missionary name dressed in gold
Frey Diego Deoro Pesa accessories. "The dress
 As a friar, Juan de Plasencia lived up to his of the women is not as
pledge, leading a lifestyle devoid of any neat nor as elegant as
luxury and in constant contact with the people that of the Bisayans,
he was trying to convert to Christianity. because they wrap a cotton or taffeta mantle
 He was also known to be a defender of the around the body with very little polish. They
native population, looking after the poor, ill, wear jackets and skirts in the same way we
or neglected, and standing up for their rights have described of the Bisayans.
on numerous occasions  They also wear their dress
skin-tight, gathering it at the
 Other works attributed to him are the waist and breast because they
"Relacion de las Costumbres de Los use no chemise or
Tagalos" (1589), that not only helped stockings...All carry over
understand and preserve many of the their dress some small mantles, which reach to
traditional ways of the local population, but the waist, these are of colored cotton, and
 some are of satin, taffeta, and damask  They can’t be slave and they can acquire
obtained from China." property and job.
 Tagalog common men. "The Moros Aliping sa Guiguilir
(Islamized Tagalogs) are dressed in clothes  Could not own anything.
of cotton and are not naked like the  Usually, captives of war or
Bisayans...from the calves of the knees they sentenced criminal.
wear many chainlets often made of brass,  Could be bought or sold at
which they call bitiques (bitik). These are will.
worn only by the men who regard them as  Couldn’t enter a contract or marriage.
very stylish."  Used in sacrificial ceremonies and could be
buried alive upon the death of their masters, to
Social Status: Tagalog societies practice the caste continue serving them in the after life.
system
Caste System – A person is considered a member of the Slavery
caste into which he or she is born and remains within Reasons to be Reasons to be a
that caste until death. Slave Freeman
Capitivity of Bravery/Good Deads
Social Classes War
Dato (Datu) Inheritance Condonation/Forgiveness
 Also known as Crime Payment (Tael of Labor)
Chieftain that governs Debt Marriage
the barangay and
captain of wars. Family and Social Status
 Obeyed and revered by Father’ Mothe Children’s
the members of the s Status r’s Status
barangay. Status
 Create and execute laws. 1 maharli + Maharl = Maharlica
 Allowed to make laws and executed them ca ica
2 maharli + Slave = Maharlica& Moth
The Barangay
ca *if er becomes
 Political system (30-100 families) Started out marrie a Maharlica
as a single clan comprised of parents, children, d
their extended family members, and their 3 Maharli + Slave = Maharlica;Mother
slaves. ca *but will pay
 Each barangay was independent, although she ½ Tael to master
some entered into alliances. was
 Alliances are formed through blood compact compe
or sandugo. lled
Maharlicas 4 Slave + Maharl = Maharlica (if
 Nobles/Freeman ica not married)
Note: if parents gets divorced, the children’s cannot
 They do not pay taxes
choose whom they want to be with: it depends on their
 Freeborn
order as siblings. Odd numbers will be with their father,
 Must accompany the
and even numbers will go to their mother. The social
Datu in war, at their own
status of the children after divorce will depend on what
expense, but divide the spoils.
the status of the parents there are wit.
 Warriors, rich traders, and craftsmen.  Maharlikas could not, after marriage move
 Provide weapon to Datu from one village to another, without paying a
 Provide protection to the barangay certain fine of gold, as arranged among them.
Commoners or Timawa  This fine is larger or smaller according to the
 Lower ranking than the Maharlika inclination of the different villages, running
 Also called Aliping namamahay. from one to three taels and banquet to the
 Everyday folks, forming the majority of the entire barangay.
population.  Failure to pay the fine might result in a war
 They pay taxes and served the Datu as well as between the barangay where the person left
the Maharlikas. and one which he entered.
 They live in their own houses and are lords of  This applied equally to men and women
their property and gold. except that when one married a woman of
 Allowed to earn money but they have to another village, the children were divided
surrender a percentage of their earnings to equally to two barangays.
masters.
 Dowries and Divorce Tagalog Gods and Deities
DOWRIES 1. Bathala- all powerful, maker of all things
 Dowries are given by men to women’s 2. Mayari (Moon)- especially when it was new
parents. which they had great rejoicing, adoring it and
 If the women’s parents are living, they will bidding its welcome
enjoy the use of it. At their death, provided the 3. Apolaki- Sun was also worshipped and is
dowry has not been consumed, it is divided being accounted for its beauty, and it is
like the rest of the estate, equally among the universally respected and honored
children. 4. Tala- the morning star
 If the wife, at the time of her marriage has 5. Mapolon- the God of season, medicine and
neither father, mother, nor grandparents, she health
enjoys her dowry. 6. Dian Masalanta- goddess of love, conception
and childbirth and the protector of lovers.
Dowries and Divorce 7. Lacapati- identified as the most important
 In case of a divorce before the birth of fertility deity. The goddess of cultivated land
children, if the wife left the husband to marry 8. Balactic- The greater Bear
another, all her dowry and an equal additional 9. Lic-Ha- images with different shapes,
amount goes to the husband; but if she left sometimes worshipped with little importance
him, and did not marry another, the dowry is 10. Idianale- the goddess of labor and good deeds
returned. Note: Tagalog deties are fluid genders, she was also
 When the husband left his wife, he lost half of known as a female deity of animal husbandry, and a
the dowry, and the other half is returned to male deity of agriculture. Deity of craftsmanship
him.
 If the husband possessed children at the time Ancient Tagalog Counterpart of Hell
of his divorce, the whole dowry and fine will 1. Sitan – The guardian of Kasamaan and the
be given to the children and held for them by keeper of all souls therein. In a 1589 record,
their grandparents or other responsible Sitan and Bathala is said to have once waged a
relatives. war with each other to determine who should
 There are fine stipulated in the contract, that rule the realms intended for ancestral souls.
he who violates it shall pay a certain sum 2. Catolonan – one of the priestess of the devil
which varies according to the practice of the 3. Manisilat or Mansisila – she was tasked to
village and the affluence of the individual. destroy and break very happy and united
family.
Laws and Punishment 4. Mangagauay – witches who pretends to heal
 Investigations made and sentences passed by the sick
the datu must take place in the presence of 5. Silangan – if they saw anyone clothed in
those in his barangay. white, it will tear out his liver and eat it.
 If any of the litigants (being sued) felt himself 6. Mancocolam – the only male agent of Sitan,
aggrieved, an arbiter (judge) is unanimously he was to emit fire at night and when there
selected from another village. was bad weather, hence he is referred to as
 A man of low birth who insulted the daughter fire god. Fire caused during bad weather are
or wife of the Datu will be condemned to associated with him or Kidlat.
death. 7. Hocloban – could change herself into any
 Witches were killed, and their children and form she desired. She can kill or make people
accomplices becomes slaves of the Datu. unconscious simply by greeting them. She
 All other offenses were punished by fines in could also kill someone by simply raising her
gold, which id not paid in promptness, expose hand and could heal without any difficulty as
the culprit to serve until the payment should she wished.
be made. 8. Magtatangal – shows himself at night to may
persons without his head or entrails.
Worship of the Tagalogs 9. Osuang – a flying creature that murders men
• Pandot - a celebration of festival or worship and eat their flesh
which is held at the large house of the Datu. 10. Mangagayoma – hey made charms out of
• Sibi - a temporary shed to shelter the people herbs, stones and woods, which infuse the
during worship heart with love.
• Sorohile - small lamps to illuminate the sibi 11. Sonat – helps someone die
during worship 12. Panatahojan – predicts the future
• Naagnitos - the act of worshipping that unites 13. Bayoguin – a cotquean (masculine woman), a
the whole barangay and families. man whose nature inclined toward that of a
woman.
Death Media Real (about 12centavos)
1. Maca – a place of another life of rest. The - Katipunan was a government itself with a
paradise or village of rest. Those who go to constitution promulgated in 1892, and another
this place are the just, the valiant, and those constitution replacing the first one in 1894.
who lived without doing harm, or who  Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme
possessed moral virtues. Council)- central government
2. Casanaan – place of punishment, grief, and  Sagguniang Bayan (Provincial Council)-
affliction. Which is also called plase of province
anguish  Sagguniang Balangay (Popular Council)-
3. Vibit – ghost town
4. Tigbalang – phantoms  Sagguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council)
5. Patianic – the lament, which can be heard at  Three Grade Members of Katipunan
night, of a woman died during childbirth. She Grade Password Common
and her child suffered punishment Attire
Relevance
Katipun Anak ng Bayan Wore a black
 Disapproves the claim of some Spaniards that (associate) mask during
when they arrived in the Philippines, Filipinos meetings
were still uncivilized and lacking culture.
 Filipinos were already politically and Kawal GomBurZa Wore a green
economically organized. (soldier) mask during
 Filipinos has a functioning government, tax meetings
system, set of laws, criminal justice system,
indigenous calendar, and long- standing Bayani Rizal Wore a red
customs and traditions. (patriot) mask during
meetings
 They had the concept of supreme being called
Bathala, practiced burial customs and believed
in life after death.
 During the first election, the following officers
 People then were already wearing garments
of the Supreme Council were chosen:
and gold ornaments, and their houses were
President – Deodato Arellano
decorated with idols.
Comptroller – Andres Bonifacio
Chapter 5 Fiscal – Ladislao Diwa
“Kartilya ng Katipunan” Secretary – Teodoro Plata
by Emilio Jacinto Tresurer – Valentin Diaz
The KKK or Katipunan
- The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang  In 1895, Andres Bonifacio was elected
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Supremo (President)
Katipunan is arguably the most important
organization formed in the Philippine history. Kartilya ng Katipunan
- The two principal aims of the KKK as Written by Emilio Jacinto
gathered from the writings of Bonifacio: Kartilya ng Katipunan
1. Unity of the Filipino people 1. Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang
2. Separation from Spain through malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na
revolution walang lilim, kundi damong makamandag.
- July 7, 1892- Bonifacio and his friends met 2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa
secretly at Deodato Arellano’s house at no.72 pagpipita sa sarili, at hindi sa talagang nasang
Azcarraga Street (now Claro M. Recto) near gumawa ng kagalingan, ay di kabaitan.
Elcano Street in Tondo Manila. 3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang
- July 7, 1892- They decided to form a secret gawa, ang pagibig sa kapua at ang isukat ang
revolutionary society called Kataastaasan, bawat kilos, gawa’t pangungusap sa talagang
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Katuiran.
Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Katipunan, 4. Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat,
dedicated through national independence lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay; mangyayaring
through armed revolution. ang isa’y higtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa
- Triangle Method- mode of recruiting ganda…; ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao.
members. 5. Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang puri
 Payment of Entrance Fee sa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na
Real Fuerte (25centavos) kalooban inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili sa
 Monthly Due puri.
6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.
7. Huag mong sasayangin ang panahun; ang
yamang nawala’y magyayaring magbalik;
nguni’t panahong nagdaan na’y di na muli
pang magdadaan.
8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi, at kabakahin ang
umaapi.
9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat sa
bawat sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim ang
dapat ipaglihim.
10. Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay
siyang patnugot ng asawa’t mga anak; kung
ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang
patutunguhan ng iaakay ay kasamaan din.
11. Ang babai ay huag mong tignang isang bagay
na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuang at
karamay sa mga kahirapan nitong kabuhayan;
gamitan mo ng buong pagpipitagan ang
kaniyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang inang
pinagbuhata’t nagiwi sa iyong kasangulan.
12. Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa asawa mo, anak at
kapatid, ay huag mong gagawin sa asawa,
anak, at kapatid ng iba.
13. Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa pagkahari,
wala sa tangus ng ilong at puti ng mukha,
wala sa pagkaparing kahalili ng Dios wala sa
mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa; wagas
at tunay na mahal na tao, kahit laking gubat at
walang nababatid kundi ang sariling wika,
yaong may magandang asal, may isang
pangungusap, may dangal at puri; yaong di
napaaapi’t di nakikiapi; yaong marunong
magdamdam at marunong lumingap sa bayang
tinubuan.
14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito at maningning
na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan
dito sa kaabaabang Sangkalupuan, at sabugan
ng matamis niyang liwanag ang
nangagkaisang magkalahi’t magkakapatid ng
ligaya ng walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol
na buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na kahirapa’y
labis nang natumbasan. Kung lahat ng ito’y
mataruk na ng nagiibig pumasuk at inaakala
niyang matutupad ang mga tutungkulin,
maitatala ang kaniyang ninanasa sa kasunod
nito