TOPIC: ENVIRONMENT

Ex 1. Circle A. B. C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

1. __________ is the increase in the temperature on Earth
A, Greenhouse effect B, Global warming C, Climate change D, Ecological balance
2. Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of ________
A, global warming B, ecological balance C, climate change D, carbon footprint.
3. Certain ______in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat from
escaping.
A. effects B. emission C. gases D. layers
4. _____________ means changes in the earth’s weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns
and rainfall.
A, global warming B, ecological imbalance C, greenhouse effect D, climate change
5. Greenhouse gas __________ from factories and vehicles can result in global warming
A, emit B, emissions C, effects D, causes
6. Most of the jungle was ________________ to get wood in order to produce paper products.
A, deforested B, threatened C, warned D, emitted
7. A large amount of carbon dioxide __________ are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.
A, emissions B, carbon footprint C, emit D, greenhouse gas
8. Oil spills are a great ____________ to the undersea world
A, threat B, threaten C, threatened D, threateningly
9. After we read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars _________ to climate change, we determined to
reduce our carbon footprint.
A, devote B, contribute C, result D, cause
10. Too many greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may block heat from escaping into space and trap too much
heat next to the Earth’s surface causing _______
A, another ice age B, global warming C, earthquakes D, volcanic eruptions
11. A strong greenhouse effect will warm the oceans, melt glaciers and increase __________.
A. temperature B. sea water C. sea level D. pollution
12. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ________ that cause global warming.
A. greenhouse effect B. natural gas C. greenhouse gases D. natural resource
13. Computers have had a great impact _____ our lives since their appearance.
A. on B. at C. for D. to
14. The crash resulted ________ the death of 10 passengers
A, to B, at C, into D, in
15. The primary causes of species extinction result _________habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and
pollution.
A. in B. of C. for D. from
16. ________________ is destroying larger areas of tropical rain forests
A, Afforestation B, Deforestation C, Reforestation D, Forestry
17. The government ___________ the flood victims with food, clothes and money.
A, gave B, provided C, offered D, presented
18. Some animals go ___________ because climate where they live changes
A, extinct B, extinction C, extinctive D, dead
19. Development of the area would ___________ wildlife
A, danger B, dangerous C, endanger D, dangerously
20. An __________ species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.
A, endangered B, endanger C, dangerous D, danger
21. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ___________ the loss of biodiversity
A, with B, at C, in D, from
22. This species of African elephants is ___________
A. dying out B. dying of C. dying on D. dying down
23. ___________ is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals.
A. Defoliation B. Deforestation C. Deformation D. Degradation
24. Limiting the global temperature rise requires __________ global CO2 emissions
A. reduce B. to reduce C. reducing D. reduced
25. The tiger is ___________ of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.
A. on the wing B. on the rocks C. on the verge D. on the ground
26. Switching to ___________ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-wasting B. energy-expending C. energy-lacking D. energy-saving
27. I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to __________ energy in the home.
A. take care of B. use C. keep D. conserve
28. Nowadays, people are searching for more ___________ materials to build their houses.
A. environment-friendly B. environmentally-friendly
C. environmental-friendly D. environmental-friend
29. Every ___________ piece of equipment was sent to the fire.
A. consumable B. spendable C. available D. disposable
30. Police are ___________ significant progress in fighting computer crime.
A. doing B. making C. paying D. giving
Ex 2. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks
Global warming refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus
maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which (1) __________ carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range
of effects on ecosystems, (2) __________ rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render
landscapes more susceptible to wildfires.
While consensus among nearly all scientists, scientific organizations, and governments is (3)__________ climate
change is happening and is caused by human activity, a small minority of voices questions the validity of such
assertions and prefers to cast doubt on the preponderance of evidence. Climate change deniers often claim that
recent changes (4) __________ to human activity can be seen as part of the natural variations in Earth’s climate
and temperature, and that it is difficult or impossible to establish a direct connection between climate change and
any single weather event, such as a hurricane. While the latter is generally true, decades of data and analysis support
the reality of climate change and the human factor in this process. In any case, economists agree that acting to
reduce fossil fuel emissions would be far less expensive than (5) __________ with the consequences of not doing
so.
(http://www.takepart.com/flashcards/what-is-climate-change/index.html)
1. A. returns B. repeats C. releases D. retakes
2. A. including B. making C. consisting D. containing
3. A. which B. what C. this D. that
4. A. attributed B. contributed C. believed D. talked
5. A. facing B. solving C. treating D. dealing
Ex 3. Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks
Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are dying. More alarmingly, wildlife is scrambling to keep
(1) ____. It’s becoming clear that humans have caused most of the past century’s warming by (2) ____ heat-trapping
gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than in the last 650,000
years.
We call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth’s climate, or long-term weather
patterns, that varies from place to place. As the Earth spins each day, the new heat swirls with it, (3) ____ up
moisture over the oceans, rising here, settling there. It’s changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have
come to rely upon.
What will we do to slow this warming? How will we cope (4) ____ the changes we’ve already set into (5) ____?
While we struggle to figure it all out, the face of the Earth as we know it-coasts, forests, farms and snow-capped
mountains-hangs in the balance.
(https://www.nationalgeographic.com)
1. A. space B. pace C. rhythms D. step
2. A. relieving B. publishing C. releasing D. unraveling
3. A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. picks
4. A. with B. on C. at D. to
5. A. fluctuation B. direction C. movement D. motion

Ex 4: Read the following text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks
Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways by which man pollutes his surroundings.
Man dirties the air with gases and smoke,. the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages
the many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his (1) _________ soil with (2) surroundings in
various other ways. For example, people ruin natural beauty by (3) _________ garbage and waste
products on the land and in the water. They death. Polluted water kills fish life. Pollution of soil reduces
the amount of land that is operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noise.
Badly polluted air can cause illness, and (4) _________ and other (5) available for growing food.
1. A. poisons B. pours C. puts D. surrounds
2. A. extreme B. too C. such D. all
3. A. disposing B. filling C. using D. making
4. A. therefore B. consequently C. even D. just
5. A. water B. hydro C. coastal D. marine

Ex 5: Read the following passage and circle A. B. C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions.
We are a planet of seven billion people, and this number is growing by about 370,000 people every day. This is
putting a huge strain on the planet's natural resources. For many governments and environmental organizations, the
race is on to drastically reduce our consumption of resources before they run out.
Water is one of our most precious resources. Our quality of life, as well as life itself, depends on the availability
of clean, fresh water. It is the most widely used resource in industry, and plays a major role in energy production.
Although 70 percent of the world is covered in water, only 2.5 percent of that is fresh water, and less than one
percent of that freshwater is readily available to us. Yet we often overestimate how much water we have, and reduce
it further through pollution or inefficient use.
Some 92 percent of all fresh water used annually is dedicated to growing plants and raising animals for food.
This means that if water runs out, our food supply might follow. In India, it is estimated that future water shortages
could reduce grain harvests by 25%. In a country where the population exceeds 1.2 billion people and is growing
rapidly every year, this is a huge concern. India, like many developing countries, is already struggling to provide
for its population. While most people in developed countries can get water at the turn of a tap, nearly four billion
people elsewhere lack access to safe water, according to United Nations Development Report.
 Rain forests are another endangered resource. While rain forests are critically important to humanity, they are
rapidly being destroyed by human activities. The biggest cause of deforestation is conversion of forest land for
agriculture. Often called the "Lungs of the Planet”, rain forests once covered 14 percent of the Earth's land surface,
but this has shrunk to only six percent. Every second, an area of rain forest, the size of a football field, is destroyed at
this rate. Rain forests will possibly disappear completely in less than 40 years.
(Adapted from: Active Reading)
1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Resources for the future. B. Human and environment.
C. Awareness of conservation. D. Water pollution
2. The word "strain" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________
A. contradiction B. depletion C. harmony D. pressure
3. The word "overestimate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________
A. increase B. reduce C. maintain D. exaggerate
4. In paragraph 2, water is one of our most precious resources because ________.
A. most parts of the world is covered in fresh water B. our quality of life depends on the availability of fresh
water
C. fresh water is hardly used for energy production. D. all freshwater on earth is readily available to us.
5. The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to_________.
A. rain forests B. humanity C. human activities D. resources
6. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Most of the fresh water is used to grow plants and raise animals for food.
B. The availability of clean, fresh water greatly affects our quality of life.
C. Our forests, the "Lungs of the Planet”, are increasing quickly.
D. The deforestation has been caused mainly by conversion of forest land for agriculture.
7. The word “run out” is CLOSET in meaning to __________
A. are depleted B. go out C. travel D. are decreased
8. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A. "The Lung of our Planet" once covered most of the Earth's surface.
B. Rain forests are unlimited resources.
C. Rain forests may disappear in the near future due to the interference of human beings.
D. The government must be responsible for the shrink of rain forests
Ex 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
Clean and Popular
Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills
spin. When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity.
Many people think that wind power is new, but that is not true. For thousands of years, people have used
wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind
power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more.
First of all, it is clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power
forever. After all, we will always have wind. In addition, wind power is cheap, and it is getting even
cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind
power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are
dangerous for birds. That used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because
they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are
very ugly. This is a problem for some people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Besides,
wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all year round. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power.
About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot
higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
1. What is one problem with windmills?
A. They are too expensive. B. They are hard to build.
C. They are very dangerous. D. They are loud.
2. The word “make” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A. generate B. do C. save D. produce
3. The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to________.
A. wind power B. reality C. belief D. spinning fast
4. Which of the following is NOT true about wind power?
A. It is the main source of energy in Denmark.
B. It is regarded as a source of renewable energy.
C. The tendency to use wind power is increasing.
D. It is considered one of the cleanest sources of energy.
5. Why can’t we use wind power all the time?
A. Windmills break all the time.
B. Wind doesn’t blow all the time.
C. We can’t use windmills at night.
D. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time.
6. Why don’t new windmills kill birds?
A. Birds don’t fly near them. B. They spin slowly
C. They are shorter than old windmills. D. New windmills don’t spin.
7. What does the passage say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it. B. It is getting more expensive.
C. It is getting cheaper. D. Denmark doesn’t use it.