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    Arduino Theory

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    pradeep kumar serapu
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    Arduino Theory

    Uploaded by

    pradeep kumar serapu
    39 views3 pages
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    Copyright:

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    39 views3 pages

    Arduino Theory

    Uploaded by

    pradeep kumar serapu
    H

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Platform Based Development – Arduino

    Introduction to Arduino:

    Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to use hardware and software.
    Through this Arduino platform, Integration of Electrical, Mechanical, Electronics & Software
    systems is Possible. Such an Integration of systems is essential for automation of any
    process/machines. Such Inventions improves the productivity of engineering systems by
    reducing the Human Efforts & Improving the Quality and Production rates.

    Most commonly used Arduino Boards:

    1. Arduino Uno
    2. Arduino Mega ADK
    3. Arduino Mini
    4. Arduino Micro
    5. Arduino Nano
    6. Arduino Leonardo
    7. Arduino Ethernet
    8. Lilypad Arduino
    9. Arduino Robot motor
    10.Arduino Gemma
    Components in an Arduino UNO Board:
    Major Components of Arduino Uno are as follows
    1. Micro controller
    2. Digital Input / Output Pins
    3. Analog Input Pins
    4. USB Connector
    5. USB Interface Chip
    6. DC Power Port
    7. Reset Switch
    8. Crystal Oscillator
    9. TX RX LEDs
    Microcontroller: Atmega328P microcontroller used in Arduino UNO. It is the most
    prominent black rectangular chip with 28 pins. Think of it as the brains of your Arduino.
    Atmega328P has the following components in it:

    stored here.

    ime memory.

    n within the device. It fetches


    the program instructions from flash memory and runs them with the help of
    RAM.

    (EEPROM)
    of 1KB.

    This is a type of non-volatile memory, and it keeps the data even after device restart and reset.
    Atmega328P is pre-programmed with boot loader. This allows
    to directly upload a new Arduino program into the device, without using anyexternal hardware
    programmer, making the Arduino UNO board easy to use.

    Analog input pins:


    The Arduino UNO board has 6 analog input pins, labelled “Analog 0 to 5.” These pins can
    read the signal from an analog sensor like a temperature sensor and convert it into a digital
    value so that the system understands. Although thesepins are labelled analog and are analog
    input by default, these pins can also be used for digital input or output.

    Digital I/O pins:


    You can find these pins labelled “Digital 0 to 13.” These pins can be used as either input or
    output pins. When used as output, these pins act as a power supply source for the
    components connected to them. When used as input pins,they read the signals from the
    component connected to them. When digital pins are used as output pins, they supply 40
    milliamps of current at 5 volts, which is more than enough to light an LED. Some of the
    digital pins are labelled with tilde (~) symbol next to the pin numbers (pin numbers 3, 5, 6,
    9, 10, and 11).
    These pins act as normal digital pins but can also be used for Pulse-Width Modulation
    (PWM), which simulates analog output like fading an LED in and out.

    USB connector:
    This is a printer USB port used to load a program from the Arduino IDE ontothe Arduino
    board. The board can also be powered through this port. Power port: The Arduino board
    can be powered through an AC-to-DC adapter or a battery. The power source can be
    connected by plugging in a 2.1mm centre positive plug into the power jack of the board.

    TX – RX LEDs: TX stands for transmit, and RX for receive. These are indicator
    LEDs which blink whenever the UNO board is transmitting orreceiving data.

    Crystal oscillator: This is a quartz crystal oscillator which ticks 16 million times a
    second. On each tick, the microcontroller performs one operation, forexample, addition,
    subtraction, etc.

    Reset switch: When this switch is clicked, it sends a logical pulse to the reset pin of the
    Microcontroller, and now runs the program again from the start. This can be very useful if
    your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times.

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