CE ORIENTATION Civil Engineer

LESSON 1  person who practices civil engineering

ENGINEERING  the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and
- practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental
process to solve technical problems, increase efficiency and productivity, health, as well as improving existing infrastructure that may have been
and improve systems. neglected.
- Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing History Of Civil Engineering In The World
and improving infrastructure, machinery, vehicles, electronics, materials,  Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil
and energy systems. engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were
- Engineers apply scientific principles to design or develop structures, mainly geographical variations referring to the same occupation, and often
equipment, or processes. Engineering encompasses several disciplines. used interchangeably.
- main branches: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical  The construction of pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700– 2500 BC) were some of
engineering, and mechanical engineering, but there are many other areas the first instances of large structure constructions.
of specialization.
Different Fields Of Engineering  Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include:
- Aerospace Engineering - Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering  Qanat water management system (the oldest is older than 3000 years and
- Agriculture & Food Engineering - Electronics and Communication Engineering
- Architectural Engineering - Environmental Engineering
longer than 71 km,)
-
-
Automotive Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
- Industrial and Production Engineering  Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447–438 BC)
- Marine Engineering
- Biotechnology Engineering - Materials Science Engineering  Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC)
- Chemical Engineering
- Civil Engineering
-
-
Mechanical Engineering
Mining and Geological Engineering
 Great Wall of China by General Meng T'ien under orders from Ch'in
- Computer Engineering - Nuclear Engineering Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC)
Civil Engineering - Petroleum Engineering
- Textile Engineering  The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including
Professional engineering
especially aqueducts, insulane, harbors, bridges, dams and roads.
 discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the
physical and naturally built environment, including public works like roads,
Egyptian Pyramids
bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage system, pipelines, structural
 A view of the pyramids at Giza from the plateau to the south of the
components of buildings, and railways.
complex.
Civil Engineering
 Huge quantities of limestone transporting along the Nile River.
 silent force behind the structures that define our modern world. From
Parthenon, Athens Greece
towering skyscrapers to resilient bridges and sustainable infrastructure,
 Parthenónas is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece
civil engineers are the architects of progress, shaping the very fabric of our
 dedicated to the goddess Athena
society.
 Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of
 It is the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,
classical Greek art, and the Parthenon is considered an enduring symbol of
and it is defined to distinguish non- military engineering from military
Ancient Greece, democracy, and Western civilization.
engineering.
Qanat
 Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to
 qanat or kārīz - system for transporting water from an aquifer or water
national governments, and in the private sector from individual
well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct; the system
homeowners through to international companies.
originated approximately 3,000 years ago in Iran
Great Wall of China Father of the Civil Engineering
 literally ("ten thousand long wall") John Smeaton
 series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern  first to refer to himself as a civil engineer back in the 18th century.
borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against  His design of Eddystone Lighthouse (1756–59), with its interlocking
various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. masonry, was based on a craftsman's experience. Smeaton's work was
Appian Way backed by thorough research, and his services were much in demand.
 most famous of the Roman roads, built (312 BC) under Appius Claudius Eddystone Lighthouse
Caecus.  lighthouse on the Eddystone Rocks, 9 statute miles (14 km) south of Rame
 connected Rome with Capua and was later extended to Beneventum (now Head in Cornwall, England.
Benevento), Tarentum (Taranto), and Brundisium (Brindisi). It was the chief  rocks are submerged below the surface of the sea and are composed of
highway to Greece and the East Precambrian gneiss.
Insula History Of Civil Engineering In The Philippines
 single insula could accommodate over 40 people in only 3,600 sq ft (330  During the Spanish time (1565-1898), the history of the architecture and
m2) civil engineering profession in the Philippines were almost synonymous to
 provided housing for the bulk of the urban populace. The plebs— defined each other .
as ordinary people of lower or middle-class status—tended to inhabit  Scope of works of civil engineering professions such as construction of
insulae building, houses, roadways, railroad sand water resources were practiced
Chichen Itza during the Spanish Period.
 large pre- Columbian city in Mexico built by the Maya people of the Post  In more than three and a half centuries of Spanish subjugation, there were
Classic. no Filipino civil engineers but some Filipinos were immersed in the field as
 The archeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State, being construction workers by Spaniards.
Mexico
Pont du Gard  Because there were no civil engineering schools in the country at that time
 ancient Roman aqueduct bridge built in the first century AD to carry water and the only architects/civil engineers with academic degrees were the
over 50 km (31 mi) to the Roman colony of Nemausus (Nîmes). Spaniards.
 crosses the river Gardon near the town of Vers-Pont-du-Gard in southern
France. The Pont du Gard is one of the best preserved Roman aqueduct  During American regime (1898-1946), the coming of the Americans
bridges. It was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage sites in 1985 brought about drastic changes in the engineering culture.
because of its exceptional preservation, historical importance, and
architectural ingenuity.  Engineering departments that were formed in Spanish period such as
Bureau of Engineering was placed under the supervision of American
 The term aqueduct may also be used to refer to the entire watercourse, as military engineers.
well as the bridge.
 Large navigable aqueducts are used as transport links for boats or ships.  Laws and Acts established organizations such as Bureau of Engineering and
Aqueducts must span a crossing at the same level as the watercourses on Construction of Public Works that facilitates the projects built in American
each end. The word is derived from the Latin aqua ("water") and ducere period
("to lead”) therefore meaning "to lead water".
 A modern version of an aqueduct is a pipeline bridge.
 In September14, 1902, Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensurade Intramuros (Manila)
Filipinas(AAAF) was created as the first professional association of  oldest district of Manila, seat of government during the Spanish colonial
architectures and surveyors. period.
 In 1590, the area along the Southern bank of Pasig River facing Manila Bay
 In May 18, 1907, the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Santo was enclosed with walls 22 feet high and 8 feet thick to protect the
Tomas(UST), the oldest engineering school in the Philippines, was the first government from foreign invaders, earning it the moniker “WalledCity.”
to offer the Civil Engineering course in the country. San Agustin Church (Intramuros, Manila)
 Would be impossible to name Intramuros and not count San Agustin
 In 1911, the AIAAF was dissolved when the civil engineers(and other Church as an icon of historical value.
engineering profession) withdrew to form their own professional  Built between 1587 and 1606,
organization (The Philippine Society of Engineers).  one of the oldest churches in the Philippines,
 only structure out of all the buildings in the Walled City to survive the
 According to the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) on February Battle of Manila during the Second World War.
23, 1921, Public Act No. 2985 was enacted empowering the Secretary of Cape Bojeador Lighthouse (Burgos,IlocosNorte)
Commerce and Communication to appoint members of the boards of the  Also known as the Burgos Lighthouse
architecture and engineering professions.  oldest still-active Spanish-era lighthouse in the Philippines.
 Built by the Spanish government as part of their plan to light up the
 In 1928, a group of civil engineers from the government sector formed the Philippine archipelago, the 66-foot-tall octagonal stone lighthouse was first
Philippines Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) which was the first civil lit in March 30,1892, serving as a beacon to galleons sailing through the
engineering organization in the Philippines with Engr. Marcial Kasilag as its north western-most point of Luzon.
first president. Main Building of University of Sto. Tomas
 Designed by a Spanish priest-civil engineer Rev. Fr. Roque Ruaño in 1920
 Engr. Marcial Kasilag there upon received the honor of holding PRC to 1923, the main building of the Philippine’s oldest university, located
Registration Number1 for Civil Engineers. along Espana Boulevard, is also the first earthquake resistant building in
the country.
 In 1937, the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) was formed  The design was fine tuned after the lessons learned from the Great Kantō
from a group of civil engineers in the private sector with Engr. Enrique Sto. earthquake that flattened Tokyo and Yokohama in September 1,1923.
Tomas Cortes as its first president. The PACE being the most active than Ayala Bridge
the PSCE led to the transfer of many PSCE members to PACE.  steel truss bridge over the Pasig River in Manila, Philippines. It connects
the districts of Ermita and San Miguel, passing over the western tip of Isla
 During Martial Law (Marcos era), in 1972, the president of PACE exerted a de Convalecencia.
serious effort in merging the two organizations. Leaders of PACE and PSCE  carries Circumferential Road 1 (C-1) and National Route180 (N180), linking
negotiated, and talked about the choice of name. Ayala Boulevard in Ermitato P. Casal Street in San Miguel. It was
 December 11, 1973, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued constructed by Don Jacobo Zóbel y Zangroniz in 1872 and rebuilt in 1908
Registration Certificate no. 53896 to the PHILIPPINES INSTITUTE OF CIVIL and 1930s.
ENGINEERS, INC. (PICE)
LESSON 2  Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
SOCIETY  Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
 group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large Civil engineering organizations in the Philippines, including:
social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to  Association of Consultants Civil Engineers of the Philippines Inc. (ACCEP)
the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.  Council of Engineering Consultants of the Philippines Inc. (CECOPHIL)
 Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations)  Council of Filipino Consultants Inc. (COFIC)
between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a  Construction Project Management Association of the Philippines Inc.
given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships (CPMAP)
among its constituent members.  Institute of Management Consultants of the Philippines Inc. (IMPHIL)
Engineering society
 a professional organization for engineers of various disciplines. Some are Profession
umbrella type organizations which accept many different disciplines, while  field of work that has been successfully professionalized.
others are discipline-specific.  It can be defined as a disciplined group of individuals, professionals, who
Organization adhere to ethica standards and who hold themselves out as, and are
 an entity such as a company, an institution (formal organization), or an accepted by the public as possessing special
association comprising one or more people and having a particular  knowledge and skills in a widely recognized body of learning derived from
purpose. research, education and training at a high level, and who are prepared to
TYPES OF ORGANIZATION apply this knowledge and exercise these skills in the interest of others.
1. Hybrid organization  founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to
- body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct
simultaneously, fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other
activities. business gain.
-
2. Voluntary association LESSON 2.1
- Organization consisting of volunteers. Such organizations may be able to CIVIL ENGINEERING AND OTHER ENGINEERING PROFESSIONS
operate without legal formalities, depending on jurisdiction, including Engineering
informal clubs or coordinating bodies with a goal in mind which they may  concerned with the implementation of a solution to a practical problem.
express in the form of an manifesto, mission statement, or implicitly  application of math and science to create something of value from our
through the organization's actions. natural resources, because engineers create the world that never was.
CIVIL ENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONS Civil Engineering
In the Philippines, the Professional Regulation Commission is a three-man  oldest and quintessential engineering profession, it encompasses a variety
commission attached to the office of the president of the Philippines. Its mandate is of sub-disciplines and jobs.
to regulate and supervise the practice of professionals (except lawyers) who
constitute the highly skilled manpower of the country. As the agency-in- charge of  As stated by Oates (1993), “Professional engineers should work for the
the professional sector, the PRC plays a strategic role in developing the corps of welfare of the public. They are responsible for observing societal needs,
professionals for industry, commerce, governance and the economy. and often have the position and resources to improve society. As
Associations Accredited by the Professional Regulation Commission professionals, engineers are expected to set examples in the work field and
 Institute of Electronics Engineers of the Philippines to establish themselves as assets to society.”
  Civil engineering works towards the ideal of nature to create and improve 5. Consulting Civil Engineer
human habitats, also civil engineers must be mindful that they have a  responsible to investigate the potential risk of specific projects, and undertake
moral impact to thesociety. risks management in specialist roles.
 They manage, supervise, and visits contractors on site and advise civil
engineering issues.
Profession related to civil engineering
 As a civil engineering graduate or qualified/licensed civil engineer, there
are jobs that you can find in a range of sectors. 6. Contracting Civil Engineer
 Particularly in the construction sector, on buildings and large structures of  Coordinate with consulting civil engineer for the implementation of
all kinds, transport and communications infrastructure. refinement.
 Civil engineer can also work for production, storage, and distribution of  usually negotiate with architect and consulting engineers.
electricity, gas, water, etc.  also responsible for finding solution to overcome unforeseen construction
difficulties.
Jobs You Can Get With A Civil Engineering Degree
7. Construction Managers
1. Building Control Surveyor
 Prepare cost estimates, devise budgets and create work timetables.
 responsible for examine the plans, drawings, specifications, and other
documents submitted for approval that make sure that the plans are follow  Managers are often on the job site working with subcontractors, architects
the building regulations. This building regulations are guided by Department and fellow engineers for collaboration on projects.
of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). 8. Design Engineer
 inspect buildings, that if a building violated or not the building regulation such  Responsible to analyze the existing plans in able the plans will improve.
as regulation for health, fire safety, energy conservation, and sustainability  They also cover the concept, specification, tender, and development of a
and building accessibility. new projects or components.
9. Engineering Project Managers
2. Building Engineers  Oversee all members of an engineering project, including design and
planning engineers, construction contractors and subcontractors and
 These professionals provide maintenance and repair services for apartment architects and bureaucrats.
buildings, workplaces or health care facilities.  Delegates responsibilities and monitors deadlines and budget constraints.
 May also oversee privately owned hotels or manufacturing facilities. 10. Environmental Engineers
 Use key areas like engineering, soil science and biology to develop
3. CAD Technician environmental solutions.
 Usually work in engineering, manufacturing, and construction industries and  Prepare and review investigative reports and design projects to solve
specialize fields. problems or implement programs like recycling, waste disposal, and
 Responsible for creating high-quality detailed technical drawings and plans, water and air pollution control.
that based on the architect and designers existing drawings.  Engineers analyze scientific data to make recommendations or provide
information for legal actions.
4. City Engineers 11. Estimator
 Employed by city governments to build new structures or repair or replace  Responsible for estimating the costs, materials, and labor needed to
aging infrastructure. Design roads, bridges and other city infrastructure while complete a project.
adhering to timetables and budget requirements.  use sophisticated estimating software to aid them, but must also
communicate with the rest of the team and outside companies in order
to gain knowledge on the costs of different tasks.
  Responsible presenting bids to the clients and answering their question  They ensure that all materials are used and work with according to their
related for the cost and estimation of the project. specifications.
12. Field Service Engineers  Responsible to manage, monitor and interpret the contract design
 (engineering technicians), field service engineers are primarily documents supplied by the client or architect.
responsible for the maintenance of equipment, scheduling of repairs, and 18. Surveyors
the installation of electrical and engineering products.  measure and note property boundaries and locations to determine
 Work directly with clients who may rent, lease or own engineering building site specifications.
products or equipment.  Researches records or land titles to verify the accuracy of the data and
 These engineers rely on logic and knowledge to identify and solve present their findings to designated authorities.
problems.  Surveyors prepare maps or plots to establish water or land boundaries in
13. Fire Engineer regards to deeds, leases
 Responsible for implementing fire safety and protection practices. 19. Structural Engineers
 Engineers meet with authorities and clients to meet fire safety guidelines  Responsible for designing structure to withstand stresses and pressure
and to monitor code requirements and data research for the proper imposed through environmental condition and human use.
installation and location of fire suppression and safety systems.  Ensures buildings and other structures do not deflect, rotate, vibrate
 Engineers may perform inspections of equipment for fault or damage. excessively or collapse.
14. Geotechnical Engineers 20. Transport Planners
 Analyze soil and rock conditions to determine the stability and  develop transportation strategies to address the needs of transport
sustainability of a proposed building or mining site. users, including cyclists and pedestrians.
 These engineers assess the risks of a particular site in relation to erosion,  Analyze and interpret data and prepare reports related to traffic flows or
landslides, earthquakes or other geological disturbances. congestion.
 Geotechnical engineers make recommendations to uphold the safety and 21. Urban Planners
integrity of a site.  Work with public officials, developers and the community to plan the
15. Nuclear Engineers development and use of land.
 Design or develop nuclear equipment, such as reactor cores and radiation 22. Water Engineers
shielding.  Engineers that specialize in water based-projects.
 These professionals direct the operation and maintenance of nuclear  Works with variety of different liquids but will generally deal with the
power plants so they comply with safety standards and laws. provision of clean water, disposal of waste water and sewage and
 Nuclear engineers may write instructions for plant operations and the prevention of flood damage.
proper disposal of nuclear waste. Engineers analyze nuclear accidents to 23. Water Hygiene Engineers
make recommendations for future safety and prevention strategies.  May work in water or wastewater treatment plants to oversee system
16. Planning Engineers operations and proper treatment protocols.
 Create project plans and decide on the proper engineering techniques to  Engineers perform equipment inspections and monitor the proper
ensure the project meets qualifications. operation of meters and gauges.
 Coordinate with other team members to direct workloads and manage 24. Water Resources Engineers
expectations.  Design new systems and equipment for the management of human water
 Planners use past and present data to develop strategies for future resources.
projects.  These systems might include water treatment facilities, underground
17. Site Engineer wells and natural springs.
 Acts as a technical adviser on a construction site for subcontractors,
craftspeople and operatives.
CIVIL ENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONS  Is a fascinating branch of civil engineering that focuses on designing and analyzing
Organization structures to ensure they can withstand various forces and stresses.
 refers to the act or process of organizing or of being organized. Purpose:
 ensure that buildings, bridges, and other structures are safe, stable, and durable.
 refer to the condition or manner of being organized.
 analyze the effects of loads, such as gravity, wind, and earthquakes, on structures
 association, society, or charitable organization.
Design Process:
 arrangement according to a particular system.
 The design process typically involves load calculation, structural analysis, and
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers or PICE design. Engineers use mathematical concepts and software to predict how
 professional organization for civil engineers in the Philippines. structures will behave under different conditions
 It was formed by merging two separate organizations of civil engineers: one group Materials:
working from government sector and the second group working in the private work with various materials, including steel, concrete, wood, and composites, to create
sector structures that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
 November 5, 2014, Philippine President Benigno Aquino III issued a declaration by History:
virtue of Proclamation No. 904 signed by Executive Secretary Paquito N. Ochoa Jr.  The field dates back thousands of years, with early examples including the
and has declared the month of November of every year as Civil Engineering Month pyramids in Egypt and the aqueducts in Rome.
to bring to the attention and consciousness of the Filipino people the importance  Modern structural engineering has evolved significantly, incorporating advanced
of the civil engineers in nation building. materials and technologies
 As of year 2020, PICE has more than 91,368 registered civil engineer-members in Application
105 chapters and some 21,177 civil engineering student-members in 210 student  Beyond buildings and bridges, structural engineers also work on designing
chapters throughout the country. The current National President is Engr. Ador G. machinery, medical equipment, and even vehicles where structural integrity is
Canlas. crucial.
Regular Chapter
• The general membership of the institute, except for the honorary and student CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
members, was organized into autonomous chapters composed of members  involves the application of technical and scientific knowledge to infrastructure
residing or having principal sites of business in the area to be served by the construction projects.
chapter.  Blends engineering (which focuses on design) with construction management,
Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines or ASEP which is concerned with overseeing the actual construction.
 organization of structural engineers of the Philippines affiliated with the Philippine  refers to the use of critical thinking in technical and scientific fields to improve a
Institute of Civil Engineers. construction project.
 ASEP was established in 1961 to promoten the advancement of Filipino civil How Does Construction Engineering Management Work?
engineers in the field of structural engineering. - Key players that bridge elements of design and management to help push
 The publication of the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) and the construction projects over the finish line to their successful completion. Over the
referral codes of the Philippine National Building Code were published by the course of their career, a construction engineering manager is likely to work on and
organization. oversee a broad range of projects.
Work Responsibilities
CURRENT FIELDS/ CAREERS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING - survey the job site, address environmental issues, study local laws and codes, and
Civil engineering offers a wide range of career opportunities, each with its own unique focus take care of any other details that need to be settled before construction begins.
and responsibilities. - An engineering manager typically prepares a report on their findings and
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING collaborates with others involved with the project, including governmental
 sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to agencies, environmental associations, contractors, and subcontractors.
design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made
structures.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER Highway engineering- Handle the planning, design, construction, and operation of highways,
 Specializes in the behavior of earth materials and designs foundations, retaining roads, and other vehicular facilities as well as their related bicycle and pedestrian realms
walls, and other structures that interact with the ground. Port and harbor engineering- handle the design, construction, and operation of ports,
 also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the harbors, canals, and other maritime facilities.
engineering behavior of earth materials. Airport engineers- design and construct airports. Airport engineers must account for the
Roles impacts and demands of aircraft in their design of airport facilities.
 Geotechnical Investigation Railroad engineering - handle the design, construction, and operation of railroads and mass
 Foundation design transit systems that use a fixed guideway (such as light rail or monorails).
 Earthworks
 Ground improvement ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
 Slope stabilization  seeks to conserve and maintain the natural environment by using efficient sources
 Slope stability analysis of energy. Energy and environmental engineers are continually searching for
solutions to emerging, environment-related issues such as erosion, water disposal,
 uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering air and water pollution, land resources, human health, and environmental
problems. restoration.
 investigate and determinate the properties of subsurface conditions and materials. Here are some key points:
 analyze and improve the stability of slopes using engineering methods.  The production, delivery, and use of energy sources can have effects on the
environment.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING  The energy sector, dominated by fossil fuels, is a major contributor to global
 is a specialized branch of civil engineering focused on the management and design warming, accounting for 34% of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.
of systems that control and utilize water resources.  The world needs safe, low-carbon, and cheap large-scale energy alternatives to
 often work on projects that involve analyzing data, designing new systems, and address both energy access and greenhouse gas emissions
overseeing the construction and maintenance of these systems.  solar radiation is important and must be understood.
Water treatment facilities:
 Designing and maintaining systems that ensure clean and safe drinking water.
Flood control systems:
 Creating structures like dams and levees to manage water flow and prevent
flooding.
Irrigation systems:
 Developing efficient ways to distribute water for agricultural purposes.
Hydropower plants:
 Harnessing water to generate electricity.
Environmental protection:
 Ensuring that water management practices do not harm ecosystems
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING OR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING
 application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional
design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in
order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical,
and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods transport.
 support air, highway, railroad, pipeline, water, and even space transportation