學測英文文法複習講義 17.

5 英文寫作教室

學測英⽂⽂法總複習(公開領取講義)

⺫錄

單元⼀、被動語態 ........................................................................................... 2

單元⼆、連接詞 ............................................................................................... 4

單元三、名詞⼦句 ........................................................................................... 9

單元四、條件⼦句 ......................................................................................... 11

單元五、倒裝句 ............................................................................................. 13

單元六、關係⼦句 ......................................................................................... 15
學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

單元⼀、被動語態

口訣：被動 → be V. + p.p.

主動句：S + V. 被動句：S + be V. + Vpp

Tom writes the letter. The letter is written by Tom.

The children finished the work. The work was finished by the children.

They ask the question. The question is asked by them.

其他時態的被動語態：

進行式 be V. + being + Vp.p

完成式 have / has / had + been + Vp.p

助動詞 助 V. + be + Vp.p

還有更多的被動語態會在「學測密集搶分課程」中介紹喔！

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

Practice

1. The students are cleaning the classroom now.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Susan will paint these walls tomorrow.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________

Answer

1. The students are cleaning the classroom now.

→ The classroom are being cleaned by the students now.

2. Susan will paint these walls tomorrow.

→ These walls will be painted by Susan tomorrow.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

單元⼆、連接詞

1. 時間

after, before, when, while, as, as soon as, until 等

A. 可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 + “,”

B. 若前後主詞一致，可省略主詞，用連接詞 + Ving 【適用 after, before, when, while】

C. after + 先發生的事；before + 後發生的事

Examples:

After I eat breakfast, I go to school. = After eating breakfast, I go to school.

As soon as she entered her house, she found that it was messy.

Note: as 聯想 → WSBL

W: When

S: Since

B: Being

L: Like

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

2. 因果

because, as, so, since, because of, due to, owing to 等

because / as / since + 原因 （可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 + “,”）

Examples: As I was exhausted, I went straight to bed after I went home.

so + 結果 （只能放句中，且連接詞前要 + “,”）

Examples: You are my best friend, so I trust you.

because of / due to / owing to + N. or Ving （可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 +

“,”）

Examples:

We stayed at home because it rained. = We stayed at home because of the rain.

Because of the cold weather, we didn’t go out.

= Owing to the cold weather, we didn’t go out.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

= Due to the cold weather, we didn’t go out.

3. 讓步與矛盾

though = although = even though（可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 + “,”）

but 描述前後相反對立的事件（只能放句中，且連接詞前要 + “,”）

Examples:

Though he is tall, he can’t play basketball.

He can’t play basketball although he is tall.

He is tall, but he can’t play basketball.

while & whereas 也有前後相反的意味，可放開頭或句中，中間必須 + “,”

Examples:

John is active and outgoing, while his sister Amy is quiet and shy.

John is active and outgoing, whereas his sister Amy is quiet and shy.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

However / Nevertheless / Nonetheless 為表達前後事件有所矛盾的轉承詞，必須放句

首，且後必須 + “,”；或是用分號 “；” 將兩句隔開

Examples:

He drank a lot of water. However, he is still hungry.

He drank a lot of water. Nevertheless, he is still hungry.

He drank a lot of water. Nonetheless, he is still hungry.

despite / in spite of + N. or Ving（可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 + “,”）

despite the fact that + S. + V. （可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 + “,”；後接名

詞子句）

Examples:

In spite of the bad weather, my friends still went to the beach.

Despite being uncomfortable and sick, Timothy still went to class.

Despite the fact that he was not feeling well, Teddy still went to school.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

4. 目的

so that, in order that （只能放句中，且不需加 “,”）

so that / in order that + S. + V. （名詞子句）

Examples:

Please turn the TV down so that I can get to sleep.

Marie works hard in order that she can buy an apartment one day.

I’ll take a coat with me so that I won’t get cold in such unpleasant weather.

Practice （解答見 P.10）

1. Wayne often doesn’t get good grades on the tests, he still studies very

hard every day.

(A) because (B) so (C) until (D) but

2. the traffic in Taipei is so busy, most people like to go to school or work by

MRT.

(A) Since (B) As soon as (C) Though (D) Despite

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

單元三、名詞⼦句

一、作為動詞的受詞：

a. 常見的動詞為 agree / ask / believe / find / forget / guess / hear / hope / know /

notice / remember / say / see / tell / think / understand 等

b. 連接詞 that 可省略

Examples:

I think (that) he will come today.

He finds (that) the work is easy.

二、放在主要子句的「形容詞」後

a. 常見的形容詞有 afraid / bored / excited / glad / happy / interested / lucky / satisfied

/ scared / sorry / sure / surprised / worried 等

b. 連接詞 that 可省略

Examples:

Our teacher is glad (that) we all can go to the party.

The students are all sad (that) their teacher is sick.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

三、作為主要子句的「主詞」：

放在句首的連接詞 That 不可省略

Examples:

That the profit of the company keeps decreasing has become a serious problem.

= It has become a serious problem that the profit of the company keeps decreasing.

還有更多的名詞子句會在「學測密集搶分課程」中介紹喔！

Practice 解答：D, A

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單元四、條件⼦句

If: 如果

A. 若 A 發生，則 B 也會發生

B. If 子句不會出現未來式，而是用現在式代替未來式

C. 可放開頭或句中；若放開頭，中間要 + “,”

Examples:

If it rains tomorrow, we will not go on a picnic.

If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.

假設性的條件子句：

表現在：If + S. + Ved (were), S. + would / could / should + 原 V

表未來：If + S. + were to + 原 V, S. + would / could / should + 原 V

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

Examples:

現在: If John had the time, he would go to the zoo.

未來: If we were to stay in United States, we would be able to visit the Statue of

Liberty.

hope 的條件子句：

hope: 表示有實現的可能性

S. + hope + (that) + S. + V（現在式／未來式）

Examples:

I hope (that) I can pass the exam.

I hope (that) everything goes well.

還有其他條件子句會在「學測密集搶分課程」中介紹喔！

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

單元五、倒裝句

倒裝句變化：

1. be V. + S. Here are the drinks.

2. 助 V. + S. + 原 V. Seldom does he come to school late.

3. have / has / had + S. + p.p. Never had Johnny been so confused before.

1. 否定副詞的倒裝句

常見的否定字詞有 seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, never, no, not, by no means,

not…at all

Examples:

I hardly hear anything from you.

= Hardly do I hear anything from you.

He rarely sees such a cute dog.

= Rarely does he see such a cute dog.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

2. 地方副詞的倒裝句：here, there

若為代名詞，則不需倒裝。

Examples:

The English teacher comes here.

= Here comes the English teacher.

= Here he comes. 【代名詞】

An old man stands there.

= There stands an old man.

= There he stands. 【代名詞】

還有更多的倒裝句會在「學測密集搶分課程」中介紹喔！

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

單元六、關係子句

常見的關係代名詞，簡稱「關代」有 who, which, that，以「先行詞」來決定關代。

先行詞 關代

人 who

事物 / 動物 which

人 / 事物 / 動物 that

Note:

1. 先行詞決定關代

2. 關代後的動詞由先行詞單複數來決定

3. 若關代後 + N., 則關代用 whose

4. 關代後若為 S. + V., 則關代可省略

5. 關代前若有逗號，則關代不能用 that

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

Examples:

The girl who wears new clothes is my cousin. = The girl that wears new clothes is my

cousin.

The dog which has a short tail is mine. = The dog that has a short tail is mine.

同位語：在「非限定用法」中，關代通常不用 that，只用 who 或 which，且要加逗號。因

為獨一無二，所以只有一個（種）。

Examples:

Elephants, which are the biggest animals on the land, like to eat leaves and grass.

Professor Chen, who teaches statistics in UCLA, is friendly and hard-working.

The sun, which is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

常見關係代名詞 只用 that 的時機：

先行詞是「人和物」時 I saw a boy and a cat that were playing together in

the park.

先行詞前有 the only, the same Edward is the only son that Mr. and Mrs. White

時 have.

先行詞前有最高級時 This is the most delicious steak that I have (ever)

had.

先行詞前有 all, much, few, Is that all that will be taken to Mark’s home?

little, every(thing), Are there any pens that belong to me?

some(thing), any(thing),

no(thing), none 時

先行詞前有 the + 序數時 He is the first person that won the Nobel Prize.

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學測英文文法複習講義 17.5 英文寫作教室

Practice

合併句子：

1. Tom lost the shirt.

The shirt cost him a lot of money.

→ ___________________________________________________________________________

2. It is said bananas, are very common in Taiwan, are expensive in Japan.

(A) what (B) who (C) which (D) that

3. Tennis is the only sport I can play with you.

(A) what (B) who (C) which (D) that

Answer

1. Tom lost the shirt which / that cost him a lot of money.

2. C

3. D

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