Energy

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ENERGY

Temperature:a measure
of the average kinetic
energy of the particles
in a sample of matter.

Energy:is the ability to


do work or produce heat.
Energy exists in two
basic forms
1.Potential energy
2. Kinetic energy

POtential Kinetic
energy(PE): energy(KE):
is the energy
due to the is the energy
compositions of motion
(‫ )تكوين‬or
position of the
object
Low of conservation of
energy:
states than in chemical reaction or
physical process energy is neither
created nor destroyed , But it can
change form to another
This is also known as the first law of
thermodynamics
Chemical potential
energy
Is the energy stored in a
substance because of its
composition

What we mean by
composition?
The type of atoms

The number and type of


chemical bonds

How the atoms are arranged


Chemical potential energy plays an
important role in Chemical
reactions.
Chemical potential energy can be
transformed into heat

Measuring Heat
Heat:
Is energy transferred
between substances
when they have
different
temperatures (q)
A calorie (cal)
is defined as the amount of energy
required to raise the temperature
of one gram of pure water by one
degree Celsius (1°C).

The energy content of food is


measured in nutritional
Calories.
1 nutritional Calorie equals
1000 calories, or 1 kilocalorie
(kcal).
A joule (J) is the Sl unit of
heat and energy.
A joule is equivalent to
0.2390 calories.

nutritional Calorie Joules kilo Joules


Calorie
The specific heat :
of any substance is the amount of
heat required to raise the
temperature of one gram of that
substance by one degree Celsius.

Because different substances


have different compositions,
each substance has its own
specific heat.

Some objects require more heat


than others to raise their
temperatures.
The specific heat :
of any substance is the amount of
heat required to raise the
temperature of one gram of that
substance by one degree Celsius.

Because different substances


have different compositions,
each substance has its own
specific heat.

Some objects require more heat


than others to raise their
temperatures.
Equation for calculating
heat : Mass (g)
Heat(J)

tem change (c)

specific heat ( J/g c)


Good luck

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Done by:ce

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