MODEL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION-SWITCHGEAR - ISOLATOR

(REV. NO. 11B)

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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Following are the major changes made in the Technical specification, Section-
Switchgear - ISOLATOR, Rev. 11B:

Clause No. Major Modification

1.2.1 Interpole cables deleted from scope of manufacturer
3.1(e) Current Density value deleted
5(m) Common Marshalling Box deleted
5(n) Plug-in type terminals for interconnecting cables deleted

Notes: The above is the list of major changes with respect to previous revision (Rev.
11/11A). However, the bidders are advised to read the entire section for other changes
and quote accordingly.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 SWITCHGEAR – ISOLATOR

CONTENTS

Clause.No. Description Page

No.

1.0 General 4

2.0 Duty requirements 4

3.0 Constructional Features 5

4.0 Earthing Switches 8

5.0 Operating Mechanism 9

6.0 Operation 10

7.0 Terminal Connector stud/pad 11

8.0 Support Structure 12

9.0 Tests 12

10.0 Mandatory Spares 12

11.0 Technical Parameters 12

12.0 Pre-Commissioning Tests 13

Annexure-I

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 SWITCHGEAR - ISOLATOR

1.0 GENERAL:

1.1 The Isolators and accessories shall conform in general to IEC: 62271-102/103
except to the extent explicitly modified in specification and shall be in
accordance with requirement of Section-GTR.

1.2 Complete isolator with all the necessary items for successful operation shall be
supplied including but not limited to the following:

1.2.1 Isolator with complete Support Insulators, operating rod insulator, base frame,
linkages, operating mechanism, control cabinet, interlock etc.

1.2.2 All necessary parts to provide a complete and operable isolator installation,
control parts and other devices whether specifically called for herein or not.

1.2.3 The isolator shall be designed for use in the geographic and meteorological
conditions as given in Section-GTR and Section-Project.

2.0 DUTY REQUIREMENTS:

a) Isolators and earth switches shall be capable of withstanding the dynamic

and thermal effects of the maximum possible short circuit current of the
systems in their closed position. They shall be constructed such that they
do not open under influence of short circuit current.

b) The earth switches, wherever provided, shall be constructionally

interlocked so that the earth switches can be operated only when the
isolator is open and vice versa. The constructional interlocks shall be built
in construction of isolator and shall be in addition to the electrical
interlocks. Suitable mechanical arrangement shall also be provided for
delinking electrical drive for manual operation.

c) In addition to the constructional interlock, isolator and earth switches shall

have provision to prevent their electrical and manual operation unless the
associated and other interlocking conditions are met. All these interlocks
shall be of failsafe type. Suitable individual interlocking coil arrangements
shall be provided. The interlocking coil shall be suitable for continuous
operation from station DC supply and within a variation range as
stipulated in Section-GTR.

d) The earthing switches shall be capable of discharging trapped charges of

the associated lines.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 e) The isolator shall be capable of making/breaking normal currents when no
significant change in voltage occurs across the terminals of each pole of
isolator on account of make/break operation.

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES:

Isolators shall be outdoor, off-load type. Earth switches shall be provided on
isolators wherever called for, with possibility of being mounted on any side of
the isolator. 800kV isolator design shall be double break or vertical break or
knee-type. 420kV & below rated isolators shall be double break type, unless
specified otherwise. Isolator design shall be such as to permit addition of earth
switches at a future date. The features and constructional details of isolators,
earth switches and accessories shall be in accordance with requirements stated
hereunder:

3.1 Contacts:

a) The contacts shall be self aligning and self cleaning type and shall be so
designed that binding cannot occur after remaining in closed position for
prolonged period in a heavily polluted atmosphere.

b) No undue wear or scuffing shall be evident during the mechanical

endurance tests. Contacts and spring shall be designed so that
readjustments in contact pressure shall not be necessary throughout the life
of the isolator or earthing switch. Each contact or pair of contacts shall be
independently sprung so that full pressure is maintained on all contacts at
all time.

c) Contact springs shall not carry any current and shall not loose their
characteristics due to heating effects.

d) The moving contact of double break isolator shall have preferably turn-and-
twist type or other suitable type of locking arrangement to ensure adequate
contact pressure.

e) Flexible braided copper, where used, shall have corrosion resistant coating
such as tinning or silvering.

3.2 Base :

Each single pole of the isolator shall be provided with a complete galvanised
steel base provided with holes and designed for mounting on a standard
supporting structure. Common base frame shall be provided for 400/220/132kV
isolators suitable for mounting on pipe structures.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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3.3 Blades :

a) All metal parts shall be of non-rusting and non-corroding material. All

current carrying parts shall be made from high conductivity electrolytic
copper/aluminium. Bolts, screws and pins shall be provided with lock
washers. Keys or equivalent locking facilities if provided on current
carrying parts shall be made of copper silicon alloy or stainless steel or
equivalent. The bolts or pins used in current carrying parts shall be made
of non-corroding material. Ferrous parts, other than stainless steel shall
not be used in close proximity of main current path. All ferrous castings, if
used elsewhere shall be made of malleable cast iron or cast-steel. No
grey iron shall be used in the manufacture of any part of the isolator.

b) The live parts shall be designed to eliminate sharp joints, edges and other
corona producing surfaces, where this is impracticable, adequate corona
rings shall be provided. Corona shields are not acceptable. Corona rings
shall be made up of aluminum/aluminum alloy.

c) Isolators and earthing switches including their operating parts shall be

such that they cannot be dislodged from their open or closed positions by
short circuit forces, gravity, wind pressure, vibrations, shocks, or
accidental touching of the connecting rods of the operating mechanism.

d) The isolator and earth switch shall be designed such that no lubrication of
any part is required except at very infrequent intervals. i.e. after every
1000 operations or after 5 years whichever is earlier.

3.4 Insulator :

a) The insulator shall conform to IS: 2544, IEC-60168 and IEC-60815. The
porcelain of the insulator shall conform to the requirements stipulated
under Section-GTR.

b) Pressure due to the contact shall not be transferred to the insulators after
the main blades are fully closed.

c) Insulator shall be type and routine tested as per IEC-60168. Besides

following additional routine/acceptance tests shall also be conducted:

(i) Bending load test in four directions at 50% of minimum bending load
guaranteed on all insulators, as a routine test.

(ii) Bending load test in four directions at 100% of minimum bending

load as a sample test on each lot.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 (iii) Torsional test on sample insulators of a lot.

(iv) Ultrasonic test as a routine test.

d) Requirement of Insulators of Isolators shall be as follows:

i) For 800 kV Insulator:

Cantilever strength (min.) = 1000kg

Top PCD = 225 mm
No. of holes = 4 x M16
Bottom PCD = 356 mm
No. of holes = 8 x 18mm dia.

ii) For 420 kV Insulator:

Cantilever strength (min.) = 1000kg

Top PCD = 127 mm
No. of holes = 4 x M16
Bottom PCD = 325 mm
No. of holes = 8 x 18mm dia

iii) For 245 kV Insulator:

Cantilever strength (min.) = 1000kg

Top PCD = 127 mm
No. of holes = 4 x M16
Bottom PCD = 275 mm
No. of holes = 8 x 18mm dia

iv) For 145 kV Insulator:

Cantilever strength (min.) = 600kg

Top PCD = 127 mm
No. of holes = 4 x M16
Bottom PCD = 254 mm
No. of holes = 8 x 18mm dia

3.5 Name Plate :

The name plate shall conform to the requirements of IEC incorporating year of
manufacture.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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4.0 EARTHING SWITCHES :

a) Where earthing switches are specified these shall include the complete
operating mechanism and auxiliary contacts.

b) The earthing switches shall form an integral part of the isolator and shall
be mounted on the base frame of the isolator.

c) Earthing switches shall be only locally operated.

d) Each earth switch shall be provided with flexible copper/aluminum braids

for connection to earth terminal. These braids shall have the same short
time current carrying capacity as the earth blade. The transfer of fault
current through swivel connection will not be accepted.

e) The plane of movement and final position of the earth blades shall be
such that adequate electrical clearances are obtained from adjacent live
parts in the course of its movement between ON and OFF position.

f) The frame of each isolator and earthing switches shall be provided with
two reliable earth terminals for connection to the earth mat.

g) The earth switch should be able to carry the same fault current as the
main blades of the Isolators and shall withstand dynamic stresses.

h) 800kV, 420 kV & 245 kV earth switches shall also comply with the
requirements of IEC-62271-102, in respect of induced current switching
duty as defined for Class-B and short circuit making capability class E-0
for earthing switches.

i) Earth switch blade in open condition shall not project (from the centre line
of Insulator) by more than 4200mm for 400kV and 2810mm for 220kV
respectively.

5.0 OPERATING MECHANISM :

a) The bidder shall offer motor operated Isolators and earth switches.
Isolators of 36 kV and below and earth switches of 72.5 kV and below
rating shall be manual operated.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 b) Control cabinet/operating mechanism box shall conform to the
requirement stipulated in Section-GTR and shall be made of cast
aluminium/aluminum sheet of adequate thickness (minimum 3 mm) or
stainless steel (grade-304) of minimum thickness 2mm.

c) A “Local/Remote” selector switch and a set of open/ close push buttons

shall be provided on the control cabinet of the isolator to permit its
operation through local or remote push buttons.

d) Provision shall be made in the control cabinet to disconnect power supply

to prevent local/remote power operation.

e) Motor shall be an AC motor and conform to the requirements of Section-

GTR.

f) Suitable reduction gearing shall be provided between the motor and the
drive shaft of the isolator. The mechanism shall stop immediately when
motor supply is switched off. If necessary a quick electro-mechanical
brake shall be fitted on the higher speed shaft to effect rapid braking.

g) Manual operation facility (with handle) should be provided with necessary

interlock to disconnect motor.

h) Gear should be of forged material suitably chosen to avoid

bending/jamming on operation after a prolonged period of non-operation.
Also all gear and connected material should be so chosen/surface treated
to avoid rusting.

i) Blocked rotor test of motor shall be conducted as a routine test. During

the blocked rotor test, overload protection relay should operate to prevent
failure of motor.

j) Only stranded conductor shall be used for wiring. Minimum size of the
conductor for control circuit wiring shall be 1.5 sq.mm. (Copper).

k) The operating mechanism shall be located such that it can be directly

mounted on any one of the support structure.

l) Snap type limit/auxiliary switches shall be used with Factory set values.
No adjustment shall be required at site during commissioning.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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6.0 OPERATION :

a) The main Isolator and earth switches shall be individual pole operated for
800/420 kV and gang operated in case of 245 kV & 145 kV. However,
245 kV Tandem Isolators shall be individual-pole operated. The operating
mechanism of all the three poles shall be well synchronized and
interlocked.

b) The design shall be such as to provide maximum reliability under all

service conditions. All operating linkages carrying mechanical loads shall
be designed for negligible deflection and strain less than 1%. The length
of inter insulator and interpole operating rods shall be capable of
adjustments, by means of screw thread which can be locked with a lock-
nut after an adjustment has been made. The isolator and earth switches
shall be provided with “over dead center” device in the operating
mechanism at open and close position to prevent accidental opening by
wind, vibration, short circuit forces or movement of the support structures.

c) Each isolator/pole of isolator and earth switch shall be provided with a

manual operating handle enabling one man to open or close the isolator
with ease while standing at ground level. Non-detachable type manual
operating handle shall have provision for padlocking. For detachable type
manual operating handles, suitable provision shall be made inside the
operating mechanism box for parking the detached handles. The provision
of manual operation shall be located at a convenient operating height from
the base of isolator support structure.

d) The isolator contacts shall be positively driven by the operating

mechanism continuous control throughout the entire cycle of operation.
The operating pipes and rods shall be sufficiently rigid to maintain positive
control under the most adverse conditions and when operated in tension
or compression for isolator closing / opening operation. They shall also be
capable of withstanding all torsional and bending stresses due to
operation of the isolator. Wherever supported, the operating rods shall be
provided with bearings on each support and at the either ends. The
operating rods/ pipes shall be provided with suitable universal couplings to
account for any angular misalignment.

e) All rotating parts shall be provided with grease packed roller or ball
bearings in sealed housings designed to prevent the ingress of moisture,
dirt or other foreign matter. Bearings pressure shall be kept low to ensure
long life and ease of operation. Locking pins wherever used shall be rust-
proof.

f) Signaling of closed position shall not take place unless it is certain that the
movable contacts, have reached a position in which rated normal current,

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 peak withstand current and short time withstand current can be carried
safely. Signaling of open position shall not take place unless movable
contacts have reached a position such that clearance between contacts is
atleast 80% of the isolating distance.

g) The position of movable contact system (main blades) of each of the

Isolators and earthing switches shall be indicated by a mechanical indi-
cator at the lower end of the vertical rod of shaft for the Isolators and
earthing switch. The indicator shall be of metal and shall be visible from
operating level.

h) The contractor shall furnish the following details alongwith quality norms,
during detailed engineering stage:

(i) Current transfer arrangement from main blades of isolator alongwith

milli volt drop immediately across transfer point.

(ii) Details to demonstrate smooth transfer of rotary motion from motor

shaft to the insulator alongwith stoppers to prevent over travel.

7.0 TERMINAL CONNECTOR STUD/PAD:

The isolator terminal pads/studs shall be made of high quality copper or

aluminum and shall be conforming to Australian standard AS-2935 for rated
current. The terminal pad shall have protective covers which shall be removed
before interconnections. Only terminal pads shall be used for current ratings
above 1250A. Terminal pads shall be mounted below the current transfer
contacts so that the cantilever pull from the terminal connector is not transferred
through the current transfer point to the support insulator. The terminal pad shall
be suitable for horizontal plane connection with terminal connector. The terminal
pads for all isolators with 3150A & above rating shall have six holes for terminal
pad.

8.0 SUPPORT STRUCTURE:

800 kV/420 kV/245 kV/145 kV Isolators along with Earth switches shall be
suitable for mounting on standard support structures.

9.0 TESTS:

9.1 In continuation to the requirements stipulated under Section-GTR the isolator

alongwith its earthing switch and operating mechanism should have been type
tested as per IEC/IS and shall be subjected to routine tests in accordance with
IEC-62271-102. Minimum 1000 Nos. mechanical operations in line with
mechanical endurance test, M0 duty, shall be carried out on 1 (one) isolator out

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 of every lot of Isolators, assembled completely with all accessories including
insulators, as acceptance test for the lot. The travel characteristics measured at
a suitable location in the base of insulator along with motor current/power
drawn, during the entire travel duration are to be recorded at the start and
completion and shall not vary by more than (+/-) 10% after completion of 1000
cycles of operation. After completion of test, mechanical interlock operation to
be checked.

9.2 The test reports of the type tests as per IEC 62271-102 and the following
additional type tests (additional type tests are required for isolators rated above
72.5 kV only) shall also be submitted for the Employer’s review.

(i) Radio interference voltage test as per Annexure-A of Section-GTR.

(ii) Corona Extinction Voltage test as per Annexure-A of Section-GTR

(iii) Seismic withstand test on isolator mounted on Support structure as per

Annexure-B of Section-GTR. The test shall be performed in the following
position :

Isolator open E/S Closed

Isolator open E/S Open
Isolator Closed E/S Open

10.0 MANDATORY SPARES:

Bidder shall include in his proposal mandatory spares as mentioned in the

Bidding Documents.

11.0 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: As per table given at Annexure-I:

12.0 PRE-COMMISSIONING TESTS

12.1 Contractor shall perform any additional test based on specialties of the items as
per the field Q.P./Instructions of the equipment manufacturer or Employer
without any extra cost to the Employer. The Contractor shall arrange all
instruments required for conducting these tests alongwith calibration certificates
at his own cost.

An indicative list of tests on isolator and earthswitch is given below. For pre-
commissioning procedures and formats for Isolators and Grounding switch,
Doc.No.: CF/ISO/07/R-4, dtd-01.04.2013 under POWERGRID Document no. D-
2-01-03-01-04 will be the reference document. This document will be available
at respective sites and shall be referred by the contractor.

Technical Specification, Section: Switchgear - ISOLATOR

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 (a) Insulation resistance of each pole

(b) Manual and electrical operation and interlocks

(c) Insulation resistance of control circuits and motors

(d) Ground connections

(e) Contact resistance

(f) Proper alignment so as to minimize vibration during operation

(g) Measurement of operating Torque for isolator and Earth switch

(h) Resistance of operating and interlocks coils

(i) Functional check of the control schematic and electrical & mechanical
interlocks

(j) 50 operations test on isolator and earth switch

12. 2 The Contractor shall ensure that erection, testing and commissioning of
Isolators above 72.5 kV class shall be carried out under the supervision of the
Isolator manufacturer's representative and the cost of the same shall be
included in the erection price of the respective equipment.

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 Annexure-I

1. Technical Parameters for 765kV, 400kV, 220kV and 132kV Isolators

Sl. Description Unit 800kV ISO 420kV ISO 245kV ISO 145kV ISO
No.
1 Rated voltage kVrms 800 420 245 145
2 Rated frequency Hz 50 50 50 50
3 No. of poles Nos. 3 3 3 3
4 Design ambient °C 50 50 50 50
temperature
5 Type Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor
6 Rated current at A 3150 3150 1600A / 1250
50oC ambient 2500 A (as
temperature applicable)
7 Rated short time kA 40 / 50 for 1 40 /50 /63 40 / 50 for 1 31.5 for 1
withstand current of sec (as for 1 sec (as sec (as sec
isolator and earth applicable) applicable) applicable)
switch
8 Rated dynamic short kAp 102kAp 100 kAp / 100 kAp / 80kAp
time withstand 125 kAp / 125 kAp (as
current of isolator 157.5 kAp applicable)
and earth switch (as
applicable)
9 Temperature rise As per Table-3 of IEC-62271-1
over design ambient
temperature
10 Rated mechanical N As per table III of IEC-62271-102 or as per value
terminal load calculated in Section-GTR whichever is higher

11 Mechanical Isolator-M2
Endurance Class E/S-M0
12 Operating A.C. Motor operated
mechanism of
isolator/erathswitch
13 No. of auxiliary Besides requirement of this spec., 5 NO + 5 NC contacts wired on
contacts on each each isolator to terminal block exclusively for Employer’s use in
isolator future.
14 No. of auxiliary Besides requirement of this spec., 3 NO + 3 NC contacts wired on
contacts on each each isolator to terminal block exclusively for Employer’s use in
earthing switch future.

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Sl. Description Unit 800kV ISO 420kV ISO 245kV ISO 145kV ISO
No.
14 Max. Operating time secs 20 sec. for 20 secs 12 secs 12 secs
Isolator and
25 seconds
for earth
switch
15 Number of terminal in All contacts & control circuits are to be wired up to control cabinet
control cabinet plus 24 spare terminals evenly distributed.
16 Rated Insulation levels
a) Full wave impulse withstand voltage (1.2/50 microsec.)
i) between line kVpeak ±2100 ±1425 ±1050 ±650
terminals and ground
ii) between terminals kVpeak ±2100 kVp ±1425 kVp ±1200 ±750
with isolator open impulse on impulse on
one terminal one terminal
and 455 kVp and 240 kVp
power power
frequency frequency
voltage of voltage of
opposite opposite
polarity on polarity on
other other
terminal terminal
b) Switching impulse withstand voltage (250/2500 micro-second) dry and wet
i) between line kV ± 1550 ± 1050 -NA- -NA-
terminals and ground peak
ii) between terminals kV 1175 kVp 900 kVp -NA- -NA-
with Isolator open peak impulse on impulse on
one terminal one terminal
and 650 kVp and 345 kVp
power power
frequency frequency
voltage of voltage of
opposite opposite
polarity on polarity on
other other
terminal terminal
c) One minute power frequency dry withstand voltage
i) between line kV rms 830 520 460 275
terminals and ground
ii) between terminals kV rms 1150 610 530 315
with isolator open
17 Minimum Corona KV rms 508 320 156 92
extinction voltage

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Sl. Description Unit 800kV ISO 420kV ISO 245kV ISO 145kV ISO
No.
with Isolator in all
positions
18 Max. radio micro 2500 at 508 1000 at 266 1000 at 156 500 at 92
interference voltage volts kVrms kVrms kVrms kVrms
for frequency
between0.5 MHz and
2 MHz. in all
positions
19 Minimum Creepage distance
i) Phase to ground mm As per As per As per As per
Section- Section- Section-GTR Section-
GTR GTR GTR
20 Seismic acceleration As per As per As per As per
IS:1893 IS:1893 IS:1893 IS:1893
21 Thermal Rating of A 10 A 10 A 10 A 10 A
Auxiliary Contacts at 220 V DC at 220 V DC at 220 V DC at 220 V
DC
22 Breaking Capacity of 2 A DC with 2 A DC with 2 A DC with 2 A DC
auxiliary contacts circuit time circuit time circuit time with circuit
constant not constant not constant not time
less than 20 less than 20 less than 20 constant
ms ms ms not less
than 20 ms
Distance between m 6.0 4.0 2.5 -
support structures
foundations (within
same phase)
23 System neutral Effectively Effectively Effectively Effectively
earthing Earthed Earthed Earthed Earthed

Note: The above insulation levels are applicable for altitude up to 1000 meters
above M.S.L. For higher altitudes, suitable correction factor as per relevant IEC
shall be applied.

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2. Technical Parameters for 72.5 kV, 36 kV and 11 kV Isolator

Sl. Description Unit 72.5kV ISO 36kV ISO 12kV ISO

No.
1 Rated voltage kVrms 72.5 36 11
2 Rated frequency Hz 50 50 50
3 No. of poles Nos. 3 3 3
4 Design ambient °C 50 50 50
temperature
5 Type Outdoor, Outdoor, Outdoor,
Mechanically Mechanically Mechanically
gang operated gang operated gang operated
6 Rated current at A As per As per As per
50oC ambient requirement requirement requirement
temperature
7 Rated short time kA 25 kA for 3 sec 25 kA for 3 sec 25 kA for 3 sec
withstand current of
isolator and earth
switch
8 Rated dynamic short kAp 62.5kAp 62.5kAp 62.5kAp
time withstand
current of isolator
and earth switch
9 Temperature rise As per Table-3 of IEC-62271-1
over design ambient
temperature
10 Rated mechanical N As per IEC or as per value calculated in Section-
terminal load GTR whichever is higher
11 Mechanical Isolator-M1
Endurance Class E/S-M0
12 Operating Isolator - A.C. Isolator - Isolator -
mechanism of Motor operated Manual Manual
isolator/erathswitch E/S – Manual operated operated
operated E/S – Manual E/S – Manual
operated operated
13 No. of auxiliary Besides requirement of this spec., 5 NO + 5 NC contacts wired
contacts on each on each isolator to terminal block exclusively for Employer’s
isolator use in future.
14 No. of auxiliary Besides requirement of this spec., 3 NO + 3 NC contacts wired
contacts on each on each isolator to terminal block exclusively for Employer’s
earthing switch use in future.
14 Max. Operating time sec 12 sec. NA for manual NA for manual
operation operation

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Sl. Description Unit 72.5kV ISO 36kV ISO 12kV ISO
No.
15 Number of terminal in All contacts & control circuits are to be wired up to control
control cabinet cabinet plus 24 spare terminals evenly distributed.

16 Rated Insulation levels

a) Full wave impulse withstand voltage (1.2/50 microsec.)
i) between line kVpeak ±325 ±170 -
terminals and ground
ii) between terminals kVpeak ±375 kVp ±180 kVp -
with isolator open
b) One minute power frequency dry withstand voltage
i) between line kV rms 140 70 -
terminals and ground
ii) between terminals kV rms 160 80 -
with isolator open
17 Minimum Creepage distance
i) Phase to ground mm As per Section- As per Section- As per Section-
GTR GTR GTR
20 Seismic acceleration As per IS:1893 As per IS:1893 As per IS:1893
21 Thermal Rating of A 10 A 10 A 10 A
Auxiliary Contacts at 220V/110V at 220V/110V at 220V/110V
DC DC DC
22 Breaking Capacity of 2 A DC with 2 A DC with 2 A DC with
auxiliary contacts circuit time circuit time circuit time
constant not constant not constant not
less than 20 ms less than 20 ms less than 20
ms
Distance between m As per layout
support structures
foundations (within
same phase)
23 System neutral Effectively Effectively Effectively
earthing Earthed Earthed Earthed

Note: The above insulation levels are applicable for altitude up to 1000 meters
above M.S.L. For higher altitudes, suitable correction factor as per relevant IEC shall
be applied.

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