Section B 1.What is CSV File? * A CSV file is a human readable text file where each line has a number of fields, separated by commas or some other delimiter. * A CSV file is also known as a Flat File that can be imported to and exported from programs that store data in tables, such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOfficeCalc.
2.Mention the two ways to read a CSV file using Python.
Refer book page no: 232 (13.7)
3.Mention the default modes of the File.
* The default is reading (‘r’) in text mode. * In this mode, while reading from the file the data would be in the format of strings.
4. What is use of next() function?
* “next()”command is used to avoid or skip the first row or row heading. * Example: While sorting the row heading is also get sorted, to avoid that the first is skipped using next(). * Then the list is sorted and displayed.
5. How will you sort more than one column from a csv file? Give an example statement. * To sort by more than one column you can use itemgetter with multiple indices. Syntax: operator.itemgetter(col_no) Example: sortedlist = sorted (data, key=operator.itemgetter(1))
Section – C 1. Write a note on open() function of python. What is the difference between the two methods? * Python has a built-in function open() to open a file. * This function returns a file object, also called a handle, as it is used to read or modify the file accordingly. For example: f = open(“Sample.txt”) *The above method is not entirely safe. If an exception occurs when you are performing some operation with the file, the code exits without closing the file. *The best way to do this is using “with” statement. *This ensures that the file is closed when the block inside with is exited. Example: with open(“text.txt”,’r’) as f:
2. Write a Python program to modify an existing file.
* In this program, the third row of “student.csv” is modified and saved. * First the “student.csv” file is read by using csv.reader() function. * Then, the list() stores each row of the file. * The statement “lines[3] = row”, changed the third row of the file with the new content in “row”. * The file object writer using writerows (lines) writes the values of the list to “student.csv” file. PROGRAM: student.csv import csv row = [„3‟, „Meena‟,‟Bangalore‟] with open(„student.csv‟, „r‟) as readFile: reader = csv.reader(readFile) lines = list(reader) lines[3] = row with open(„student.csv‟, „w‟) as writeFile: writer = csv.writer(writeFile) writer.writerows(lines) readFile.close() writeFile.close()
3.Write a Python program to read a CSV file with default delimiter comma (,). import csv with open('c:\\pyprg\\sample1.csv', 'r') as F: reader = csv.reader(F) print(row) F.close() OUTPUT: ['SNO', 'NAME', 'CITY'] ['12101', 'RAM', 'CHENNAI'] ['12102', 'LAVANYA', 'TIRUCHY'] ['12103', 'LAKSHMAN', 'MADURAI']
4.What is the difference between the write mode and append mode.
Write Mode Append Mode
• 'w' • 'a' • Open a file for writing. • Open for appending at the end of the file without truncating it. • Creates a new file if it does not exist or • Creates a new file if it does not exist. truncates the file if it exists.
5. What is the difference between reader() and DictReader() function?
Reader(): * The reader function is designed to take each line of the file and make a list of all columns. * Using this method one can read data from csv files of different formats like quotes (" "), pipe (|) and comma (,). * csv. Reader work with list/tuple. * Syntax: csv.reader(fileobject,delimiter,fmtparams) DictReader(): * DictReader works by reading the first line of the CSV and using each comma separated value in this line as a dictionary key. * DictReader is a class of csv module is used to read a CSV file into a dictionary. * It creates an object which maps data to a dictionary. * csv.DictReader work with dictionary.
Section - D 3. Write the different methods to read a File in Python. * Contents of CSV file can be read with the help of csv.reader() method. * The reader function is designed to take each line of the file and make a list of all columns. * Using this method one can read data from csv files of different formats like, 1. CSV file - data with default delimiter comma (,) 2. CSV file - data with Space at the beginning 3. CSV file - data with quotes 4. CSV file - data with custom Delimiters * The syntax for csv.reader() is csv.reader(fileobject,delimiter,fmtparams)
i) CSV file with default delimiter comma (,)
The following program read a file called “sample1.csv” with default delimiter comma (,) and print row by row. import csv with open('c:\\pyprg\\sample1.csv', 'r') as F: reader = csv.reader(F) print(row) F.close()
the following program read the file through Python using “csv.reader()”. import csv csv.register_dialect('myDialect',delimiter = ',',skipinitialspace=True) F=open('c:\\pyprg\\sample2.csv','r') reader = csv.reader(F, dialect='myDialect') for row in reader: print(row) F.close() These whitespaces in the data can be removed, by registering new dialects using csv.register_dialect() class of csv module. A dialect describes the format of the csv file that is to be read. In dialects the parameter “skipinitialspace” is used for removing whitespaces after the delimiter.
iii) CSV File-Data With Quotes
You can read the csv file with quotes, by registering new dialects using csv.register_dialect() class of csv module. Here, we have quotes.csv file with following data.
SNO,Quotes 1, "The secret to getting ahead is getting started." 2, "Excellence is a continuous process and not an accident."
The following Program read “quotes.csv” file, where delimiter is comma (,) but the quotes are within quotes (“ “).
import csv csv.register_dialect('myDialect',delimiter = ',',quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, skipinitialspace=True) f=open('c:\\pyprg\\quotes.csv','r') reader = csv.reader(f, dialect='myDialect') for row in reader: print(row)
OUTPUT: ['SNO', 'Quotes'] ['1', 'The secret to getting ahead is getting started.'] ['2', 'Excellence is a continuous process and not an accident.']
In the above program, register a dialect with name myDialect.
Then, we used csv. QUOTE_ALL to display all the characters after double quotes.
