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The Big Picture - IB DP Biology SL - HL FE2025 (NEW)

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The Big Picture - IB DP Biology SL - HL FE2025 (NEW)

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10/29/24, 11:53 AM The big picture | IB DP Biology SL/HL FE2025 (NEW)

© 2024

B3.2 Transport

The big picture

Guiding question(s)
What adaptations facilitate transport of fluids in animals and plants?
What are the differences and similarities between transport in animals and
plants?

Keep the guiding questions in mind as you learn the science in this
subtopic. You will be ready to answer them at the end of this subtopic.
The guiding questions require you to pull together your knowledge and
skills from different sections, to see the bigger picture and to build your
conceptual understanding.

With speeds of up to 120 km/h, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is the fastest land
animal in the world (Figure 1). They are known for their specialised acceleration
and agility, enabling them to chase, catch and kill their prey and evade predators
such as lions, leopards and hyenas.

To maintain these periods of intense energy expenditure, the cheetah's transport


system is specialised for delivering nutrients and removing waste products from
respiring cells that produce the ATP necessary to maintain the cheetahs activity
levels.

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10/29/24, 11:53 AM The big picture | IB DP Biology SL/HL FE2025 (NEW)

Figure 1. A cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) chasing Thomson's gazelle


(Gazella thomsonii), in Masai Mara.
Credit: James Warwick, Getty Images

(https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/cheetah-chasing-thomsons-gazelle-

royalty-free-image/200134392-001)

Similarly, the Zea mays plant, commonly known as maize, also needs to transport
substances around its body (Figure 2). While the cheetah relies on a circulatory
system of blood vessels and a specialised heart, maize has a vascular system that
transports nutrients and water throughout the plant.

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10/29/24, 11:53 AM The big picture | IB DP Biology SL/HL FE2025 (NEW)

Figure 2. Maize (Zea mays).


Credit: Siegfried Layda, Getty Images

(https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/cornfield-in-the-evening-royalty-free-

image/88043144)

Transport is a vital system in both animals and plants. But what adaptations
facilitate the transport of fluids in plants and animals? And what are the
differences and similarities between transport in animals and plants?

Prior learning
Before you study this subtopic make sure that you understand the following:

The structure of membranes and how molecules are transported across


membranes (see subtopic B2.1 (/study/app/ib-biology-hlnew-syllabus/sid-
422-cid-199275/book/the-big-picture-id-43205/)).
Movement of water and water potential (see subtopic D2.3 (/study/app/ib-
biology-hlnew-syllabus/sid-422-cid-199275/book/big-picture-id-43550/)).

Practical skills
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Once you have completed this subtopic, you can gain skills on measuring and
analysing heart rates by going to Practical 6: Investigating the effect of physical
activity on heart rate (/study/app/ib-biology-hlnew-syllabus/sid-422-cid-
199275/book/investigating-the-effect-of-physical-activity-id-46705/).

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