Defect of Eye

A normal eye has nearer point at

D 25cm and far point at o

A Short Sightedness or myopia

II A Short Sighted eye can't see object

Clearly which are at far distance

Image of distant object is formed before

retina
of eye

Liii Concave lens is used to remove they

defect
v
tf reference of object is not given
then it is considered at infinity

Y Image is formed at far point of

person
Gil Long Sightedness Hypermetropia

a In this defect Near object are not

visible clearly

Image of near object is formed

after ratina

3 Convex lens is used to remove

this defect

4 if reference of near object is

not given then it is considered at
near Point D 25 an

I Image is formed near point of

person
U o

V 100

f 100

P ID
men
U 25
Go

Is E

f 3 m

f meter
3

P
I I 2 53 D
Sol far Point Go on

Near point 12 am

E the

U 15
So I
I I
t

I to

f 80

8 metre
f o

p
g
P
I E

b
I
 Angular size of Images and object

Angle subtended by object or Image

at an
eye is call angular size
of Image
and object

h
0 I
A

x 7

O h
X

Oz

x
o
I
 02 L O

Simple Microscope

Oo

I
O
I
 Magnifying power m Angular size with
Instrument

maximum angular size

without Instrument

If I
m

m
In

C When Image is formed at Near point

E E

I I F

Bff
U
 m

II
m It

1 When Image is formed at far point

I E
u f

m D
F
A Compound Microscope
 my
to

me fo
fo tho

Sign wise its negative

m2
Tee

47 if Image is formed at dear points

Normal Condition or adjustment
 Bff
Ye ma
Itf

Motel Mix M

more
Eon Ee

M when Image formed at far point

we fe m
Ee

m
Gao Ee

Sign of m is negative so find

Image Is inverted
 Tube length
Distance between objective
Leng and eyepiece lens is called tube
length

4 for deae point

L Vo the
L Not
Bff
ii for far points
L Vo t Fe
 Special Case In Compound microscopes

Distance of object is very near

focus of objective leis so approximate

value
of Yo fo

Generally focal length of eyepiece

lens small
is so approximate
distance of Voa L

Where I is length of tube

hot fo V0
c
É É o
 ft f
m
Ife

for dear point

I
m
Ee
4 far point

when Image is formed at near Point

Is called normal adjustment
 NCERT Definition of tube length

Distance between second focus of objective

lens and first focus of eyepiece lens
Is called tube length
Refracting astronomical telescope

a
IF
p
Ante
 Magnifying power Angular size at Eyepiece

Angular size at objective

m
I

m fo
Ue

I
for Near point

we
IIe
Ptfe
m
pf

fe
m it
 minus sign for Inverted Image

Gi for far point Normal adjustment

he fe

m
E

Tube length

i for dear point

L fo the

ftp.fe
L

Gil for far point

L fo fe
when Image is formed at far point is

called normal adjustment

Terrestrial telescopes
Galilean telesco e
 Electron microscope

optical Instrument uses light photons

which have higher wavelength than electron

Photons hone higher tendency of diffraction

than electron which provides less limit

of resolution

2 In electron microscope electrons are

accelerated through high voltage for

shorter wavelength to get higher

limit of resolution

I h
p
 I h
2 me V

3 Magnetic lens are used to focus

electron beam

used to
4 wave nature
of Image is

project Image on screen and particle

nature Is used to focus the beam

 Reflecting telescoke

i
Cassegrain telescope

Parabolic

Advantage Cassegrain telescope

of
Newtonian Telescope

parabolic

a
Sol I
If E

f ti
f

f I

f 5
Sal
Hel
Pfe
a

Uel 25 6.25
25 6.25

nel 5

No 15 5 10

Vo t 10

E E
 I I

no 25 a

b Ue 6.25
V0 15 6.25 8 25

Is I

I 5.5

Uo 2 59
975
 4 m to

Sal Image should be formed at infinity for

ma i'mimem strain

he 5

Vo 10 5 5

l
É

40 1 25
See

m
fi me

III
95 me

95 19 me

me 5
So no 3 am
fo 2 am

to E 3

V0 6

Now
I I
t

I It to
 f 2 5 an

f room
Is't
I
if

Vo 15 am

Eyepiece lens should be shifted by 15 6

gun
 I
Sae
I I
I
I

Vo

Ue
É
20

we 19K 20
x 1

Imd
I i
 mo r me 100

100
2,9 24

25 1900 X 2000

2025 19003C
x Lo6

Ue 3.80

Ie Ie Ie

Is E
Se 4 48 an
 Go

set

Vo 200
3

Ve 25

he Dfe
Ptfe

Ine 25 5
25 5

the 1 4.16

L Vo t he
 L 2 4 16

L 70 8 Cn

f Itf
m

2
M
so if Nothing is mentioned that means

telescope is used in normal adjustment

L Jot Fe 55 An

eyepiece lens should be moved by same

distance