Sci 1 Reviewer Midterm

SCI REVIEWER
Properties of Matter
• Physical properties are characteristics that scientists can measure
without changing the composition of the sample under study, such as
mass, color, and volume (the amount of space occupied by a sample).
• Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance
to react to form new substances; they include its flammability and
susceptibility to corrosion.
• Extensive properties vary with the amount of the substance and
include mass, weight, and volume.
• Intensive properties, in contrast, do not depend on the amount of the
substance; they include color, melting point, boiling point, electrical
conductivity, and temperature.
• Although mass and volume are both extensive properties, their ratio s
an important intensive property called density.
• Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is usually expressed
in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
• At a given temperature and pressure, the density of a pure substance
is a constant:
•
Figure: Formula of
• Physical changes are changes in which no chemical bonds are broken
or formed.
• Physical changes include:
• Changes of state (changes from a solid to a liquid or a gas and vice
versa)
• Separation of a mixture
• Physical deformation (cutting, denting, stretching)
• Making solutions (special kinds of mixtures).
• Melting is an example of a physical change
Other changes of state include vaporization (liquid to gas), freezing
(liquid to solid), and condensation (gas to liquid).
• Dissolving is also a reversible physical change.
• Chemical changes occur when bonds are broken and/or formed
between molecules or atoms.
1. STATE OF MATTERS
• Matter - Anything that occupies space and has weight
Solid, liquid and Gas.
• Solid. Some solids are hard like the marble and others are soft like
sponge. Hardness is the ability of solids to breaking and scraping.
example: Jewelries such as rings, aluminum and glass
• Liquid: They absorb heat better than gases.
example: oil and mercury
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• Gas Air is a mixture of gases
example: water vapor, perfume in the air
2. MATERIALS BASED ON PROPERTIES
• Float-Materials that stay in water without drowning (lumulutang)

• Sink-to fall underwater (lubog)
• Buoyancy-ability of materials to float and sink. Some materials con
float or sink exhibit the property of buoyancy and density
• Density – A measure of the amount of matter in given volume of
liquid.
1. Object density is less than the density of the liquid, the object will float.
2. Object density is greater than the liquid density, the object will sink
3. Object based on their ability to absorbed water.
1. Purosity or Absorbent
• Property of material that allows to absorb water and other
liquids.
2. Non Porous or Non Absorbent
• are those materials that do not absorb water. This materialo will
not soak.
1. Objects based on their ability to undergo decay.
Decomposition – is a property of materials to break down into simpler or
smaller forms of matter.
2 types of Decomposition:
• Biodegradable-composed natural environment and can be
consumed by animals
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And microorganisms (example basurang hiwalay ang
nabububulok at hindi).
• Non biodegradable – are material that not compose easily and
naturally (magkasama ang nabubulok at hindi).
3. Changes that materials undergo; useful and harmful.

• Described charges in solid materials went bent, pressed,
hammered, or cut.
• Bending, Pressing, Hammered, cutting and exposed in
temperature.could only change the material shape, sizes and
texture.
Useful and Hamful.
• Useful – if it can be beneficial to humans or the environment
Example: fertilizer, Vitamins, food milk Products, Detergens and lotion
and Shampoo.
• Harmful-when materials bring hazard and do harm not only in
physical but also in environmental then they become harmful.
4. Heterogeneous mixture
Mixtures are combinations of two or more pure substances that are not
combined chemically.
Hete means different
Homogeneous – means same
Examples;
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1.Sand and water
2.Chocolate chip cookies3.
• Filtration- This method can separate solid particles from liquids or

gases (ex. Filtering sand from water)
• Magnetism- A magnetism can be used to separate magnetic
substances from non-magnetic ones (e.g.,iron filings from sand)
• Evaporation- This technique can separate adissolved substance from
a liquid(e.g., evaporating water to leave saltbehind).
5. Homogeneous mixtures, or well-mixed mixtures, are those that
appear single phased
Example of homogeneous mixture:
Salt and water
Hot water and coffee
6. The physical and chemical properties of matter: useful and harmful

materials
• Physical properties of matter- are characteristics that can be

observed or measured without changing the substance’s chemical
identity
• Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and
boiling points
Example:
1. Mass: The amount of matter in an object.
2. Volume: The amount of space an object occupies.
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3. Density: Mass per unit volume (grams per cubic centimeter).
4. State of matter: Solid, liquid, or gas.
5. Melting point: The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
7. Change that Materials Undergo
• Solid the particles in a solid are very close to each other.

• Liquid the particles in a liquid are arranged far apart from each
other.
• Gas particles lie very far from each other.The force holding
them is very weak. Thisis the reason why the particles of
gasmove faster.
Changes in Matter:
1. Solid to liquid
Eg. Ice cube – Water
2. Liquid to Gas
Eg. Boiling Water- Gas Vapor
3. Liquid to Solid
Eg. Water – ice cube
8. Changes in Matter Due to the Presence of Oxygen and Application of
Heat
PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
• Chemical change is a change in matter that results in the formation of
one or more new substances. The new material has a different
composition when compared with the original material.
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• Oxygen- is a part of the air that surrounds us. It has effects on
different materials. The presence of oxygen in the air can cause
chemical change on materials.
• O-quinones are what is providing the protections from bacteria and
fungi as they form natural.
• RUSTING IRON
• When an Iron left out in the open area for a while a film of Brownish
Substance get deposited on the surface called RUST
• Its is because on Water Vapour H2o and Oxygen 302 force the Iron to
Rust
• 4Fe(iron) + 302(oxygen) 2nH20 (Water Vapour)
• This Process formation in Pressence of Oxygen and water or Water
Vapour is Called Rusting
9. Separating mixtures
What is a mixture?
-a combinations of two or more substances in which each substance
retains in it composition and properties.
What is separating mixtures?
it is the process of separating or extracting different components of a
mixture using some physical methods.
Different Ways of Separating the Mixture
1. Manual separation
• Manual separation is to select one component of the mixture to
be physically remove from the mixture. It is also called ”hand
picking”.
2. Magnetic separation
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• Is a process that uses magnet to separate the magnetic
component from nonmagnetic one.
3. Filtration
• Filtration is the process of using a filter to mechanically
separate a mixture.
4. Decantation
• It is a process of separating a mixture of liquids that differ in
density.
5. Evaporation
• Evaporation is a technique used to separate out homogeneous
mixtures. The method drives off the liquid components from the
solid Components.
6. Freezing
• Freezing or cooling is a process of separating mixture used for
mixtures composed of two liquid components of different
freezing points.
10. Recognizing Useful and HarmfulMaterials
• Materials are said to be useful when they serve their purpose.

• Some useful materials may also bring hazards.For example, a
broken glass jar can cause cuts orinjury.

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SCI REVIEWER

2. MATERIALS BASED ON PROPERTIES

• Float-Materials that stay in water without drowning (lumulutang)

3. Changes that materials undergo; useful and harmful.

• Filtration- This method can separate solid particles from liquids or

6. The physical and chemical properties of matter: useful and harmful

• Physical properties of matter- are characteristics that can be

7. Change that Materials Undergo

• Solid the particles in a solid are very close to each other.

• Materials are said to be useful when they serve their purpose.

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