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    Chem181 Section 1 - Composition of Matter

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    Chem 181- Week 1

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    Chem181 Section 1 - Composition of Matter

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    caldenpillayschool
    5 views14 pages
    Chem 181- Week 1

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    Chem181 Section 1 - Composition of matter

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    Chem 181- Week 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views14 pages

    Chem181 Section 1 - Composition of Matter

    Uploaded by

    caldenpillayschool
    Chem 181- Week 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    CHEM181

    Section 1: Matter

    Lecturer: Mr V Pillay
    What is Chemistry?
    • study of matter & changes it undergoes

    • matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

    • study of physical & chemical properties of matter

    • what changes occur in these properties, in the course of/as the


    result of a chemical reaction, & how these changes may be
    observed
    Different phases of matter
    Composition of matter
    • Atoms are building blocks of matter

    • Element - is made of same kind of atom/molecules e.g. O2

    • Compounds - made of two or more different kinds of elements


    bonded together e.g. CO2, H2O, C2H5OH
    Composition of matter
    Pure substance, Elements and Compounds
    • Pure substance – matter that has distinct properties and a
    composition that doesn’t vary from sample
    to sample e.g. salt
    • Elements - are the basic building blocks of all substances and
    cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by
    chemical reactions e.g Na, Mg, Cu
    • Compounds - are formed from elements and contain elements
    in fixed or constant proportions by mass,
    contains at least two different elements
    Mixtures
    • A material system made up of two or more different
    substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically.

    • Homogenous mixture – uniform in composition and properties


    e.g. sucrose in water.

    • Heterogenous mixture – components separate into distinct


    regions e.g. sand and water.
    Mixtures
    Example 1
    • Which of the following are pure substances (elements or
    compounds) and which are mixtures (homogenous or
    heterogenous)?
    • Magnesium powder floating on water
    • Table sugar
    • Copper
    • Salad dressing
    • Rooibos tea
    Properties of matter
    • Physical properties – can be observed without changing a
    substance into another substance (boiling
    point, density, mass, volume, etc.)

    • Chemical properties – can only be observed when a substance


    is changed into another substance
    (flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity
    with acid, etc.)
    Cu (s) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
    Properties of matter
    • Intensive properties – independent of the amount of the
    substance that is present (density,
    boiling point, colour, etc.)

    • Extensive properties – dependent upon the amount of the


    substance present (mass, volume,
    energy, etc.)
    Changes of matter
    • Evidence of a chemical change/ reaction:
    ➢Colour change e.g. mixing two clear liquids producing a red liquid

    ➢Liberation of a gas (bubbles)

    ➢Heat released or absorbed

    ➢Formation of a precipitate
    Separation of mixtures
    • Distillation – separates a homogenous mixture on the basis of
    differences in boiling point
    Separation of mixtures
    • Filtration – separates solid substances from liquids and
    solutions

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