Basic Grammar

Bach Khoa Sai Gon College

Instructor: Tran Nguyen Minh Khoa
Course outline
DATE LESSON PLAN
Date 1 (September 14th) Unit 1, 2, 8
Date 2 (September 18th) Unit 10, 22
Date 3 ( September 21st) Unit 4, 7, 12
Date 4 (September 25th) Unit 5, 6
Date 5 (September 28th) Unit 3, 9
Date 6 (October 02nd) Unit 11, 15
Date 7 (October 05th) Unit 13, 16
Date 8 (October 09th) Unit 17, 18
Date 9 (October 12th) Unit 19, 20
Date 10 (October 16th) Unit 14
Date 11 (October 19th) Midterm
Date 12 (October 23th) Unit 21
Date 13 (October 24th) Unit 23, 24, 27
Date 14 (October 26th) Unit 25, 26
Date 15 (October 30th) Unit 28, 29, 30
Date 16 (November 02nd) Unit 30
Date 17 (November 06th) Review
Using other and another as pronouns and adjectives

Read these paragraphs. Underline the word other, the other or another
in each sentences. What are their grammar pattern?
1. The students in the class come from many countries. One of the
students is from Mexico. Another student is from Iraq. Another is
from Japan. Other students are from Brazil. Others are from
Algeria.
2. l have three books. Two are mine. The other book is yours.
3. I have three books. One is mine. The other books are yours.
 Form of Other: used as either adjectives or
pronouns
ADJECTIVE PRONOUN

Singular another book (is) another (is)

always singular
Plural other books (are) others (are)
The final –s is
only use for a
plural pronoun
Singular the other book (is) the other (is)

Plural the other books (are) the others (are)

 Another
• Meaning: one more/ an additional/ an extra/ an alternative/ a difference
from the one(s) already mentioned.
(another as a
• E.g.: I will be here for another three years.
determiner)
I need another five dollars. (alternative or different)
The applications are examined by one committee, then passed on
to another. (another as a pronoun)
• Note: Another is used as an adjective with expressions of time, money,
and distance, even if these expressions contain plural nouns. Another
means “an additional” in these expressions.
 Other/ others (without the)
• Meaning: (several) more in addition to or from one(s) already mentioned.
• Note: We can use other with singular uncountable nouns and with plural nouns:
• E.g.: The embassy website has general information about visas. Other travel
information can be obtained by calling the freephone number. (additional or extra
information).
Some music calms people; other music has the opposite effect. (different types of
music)
(other as a
determiner) What other books by Charles Dickens have you read, apart from ‘Oliver Twist’?
(additional or extra books)
This one’s too big. Do you have it in other sizes? (alternative sizes)
 Other/ others (without the)
• If we use other before a singular countable noun, we must use another
determiner before it:
• E.g.: I don’t like the red one. I prefer the other color.
Not: I prefer other color.
Jeremy is at university; our other son is still at school.
He got 100% in the final examination. No other student has ever achieved
that.
Other as a pronoun:
We have to solve this problem, more than any other, today.
I’ll attach two photos to this email and I’ll send others tomorrow.
 Other & another before one/ones
Another / Other + One: Another & Other can be placed before “one” when the meaning
is clear from the text before it.
• I have already eaten two sandwiches though now I want another one. (= an
additional sandwich)
• A: You can borrow more of these books if you like.
B: Ok, I’ll take another one. (= another book, one more book)
• We don’t need those books, we need other ones. (= different books)
• A: You can borrow my books if you like. B: Thanks, but I need other ones. (= other
books)
 The other
• Meaning: all that remains from a given number; the rest of a specific group,a
specific alternative.
• E.g: This computer here is new. The other computer is about five years old.
(the second of two things)
Joel and Karen are here, but where are the other kids? (the remaining
people in a group)
• The other as a pronoun:
He had his hat in one hand and a bunch of flowers in the other.
She has two kittens, one is black and the other is all white.
Practice: Complete the sentences with the
correct forms of Other
1. I speak two languages. One is Spanish, ________ is English.
2. 1 lost my textbook, so I had to buy _______.
3. Some people have brown hair, but _________ have black hair.
4. Hawaii is a popular tourist destination. Italy is ________
5. I have two books. One is red. ________ is blue.

Practice 2: Exercise 3, 6 p.94.

Complete the sentences with the correct
forms of Other
I. another
This coffee is delicious. Could I please have _______cup
the other
2. The coffee isn't in this grocery bag, so I'll look in _________one
3. There are supposed to be ten chain in the room, but I count only five.
the others ?
Where are __________
the other one
4. No, let's not use this printer. Let's use ________
Others
5. Bob is a nickname for Robert. _________are Rob and Robbie.
another
6. The sky is clearing. It's going to be __________ beautiful day.
Complete the sentences with a form of other.
I. I got three letters. One was from my father. Another one was from my
sister. The other letter was from my girlfriend.
Another is your index
2. Look at your hand. You have five fingers. One is your thumb. __________
finger._________ Another
Another is your middle finger. _________finger is your ring finger.
the other
And___________finger (the last of the five) is your little finger.
The other your left hand.
3. Look at your hands. One is your right hand. __________is
another
4. I lost my dictionary, so I bought __________.
Others
5. Some people have red hair. ___________ have brown hair.
Other
6. Some people have red hair. __________ people have brown hair.
The other
7. I have four children. One of them has red hair. ___________children have brown hair.
Relative pronouns
• Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses.
• We use relative clauses to give more information about something,
without having to start a new sentence.
• Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. The most common
relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that. The relative
pronoun we use depends on what we are referring to and the type of
relative clause.
Relative pronoun: WHO
• We use who & that in relative clauses to refer to the people you are talking
about.
• E.g:
I thanked the woman.
 I thanked the woman who/ that helped me. She helped me.

 What’s the name of the man who/ that created the Internet?
 I’ve got two brothers. One lives in Paris and the other lives in NY.
The brother who/that lives in Paris loves football.
The brother who/that lives in New York plays the guitar.
Relative pronoun: That
• We use that instead of who, whom or which in relative clauses to
refer to people, animals and things. That is more informal than who,
whom or which:
• E.g:
We met somebody last night that did the speech therapy course
two years after you. (refers to a person)
The 8.30 is the train that you need to get. (refers to a thing)
She blamed herself for everything that had happened.
Note: That is only used to introduce defining clause. (Destination B1, p.69)
 Practice: complete using who, which or that

1. There’s a film on tonight __________ I really want to see.

2. Can you remember ________ told you about the new night club?
3. Lozenro, ________ from Spain originally, has lived here for about 10 years.
4. I meet the doctor _______ helped my father after the accident.
5. Titanic is a romantic film, ________ was directed by James Cameron.
6. Where is the magazine ________ has the story about an online thief?
7. Did I tell you about the car salesman_____ tried to sell me a defective truck?
8. The new sports complex, _______ will be built on the site of the old power
station, will provide facilities for cricket, soccer, bowls and badminton.
Rewrite as one sentences using a relative
clause
1. My grandfather was an airline pilot. He is sixty-five years old now.
My grandfather, who is sixty-five years old now was an airline pilot.
2. Friendly People is a comedy. It's my favourite programme.
3. My friend Michael often comes to play with me. He hasn't got any
brothers and sisters.
4. This CD is scratched. I only bought it yesterday.
5. My brother George has got some great shirts! He hates me borrowing
his clothes.
 Reflexive pronouns
subject pronouns object pronouns reflexive pronouns
I me myself
you you yourself
Singular
he him himself
she her herself
it it itself
you you yourselves
Plural we us ourselves
they them themselves
Reflexive pronouns for same subject and
object
• We often use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object of
the verb refer to the same person or thing:
He cut himself on the broken glass.
She made herself a cup of tea and sat down in front
of the television.
Parents often blame themselves for the way their
children behave.
Reflexive pronouns + by meaning alone

• We often use reflexive pronouns with by to mean ‘alone’ or ‘without

any help:
Why don’t you go by yourself?
The children made the entire meal by themselves.
Reflexive pronouns for doing
something without help
We often use reflexive pronouns to show that one can do something
without help.
I drove the car myself
These cake are really nice. Did you make them yourself?
Each other
• We use each other to show that each person in a group of two or
more people does something to the others.
E.g: Rick and Gina never liked each other. (Rick never liked Gina and
Gina never liked Rick.)
Everyone in the family gave each other presents. (Each member of the
family gave each member of the family a present.)
Peter and Mary have lunch with each other in the school canteen.