Lesson 6 - Citing RRL Using APA Format

Lesson #6: The APA Format in Citing and Referencing
What is citation? Sources

A citation tells the readers where the information came from. In your writing, you cite or refer to the source of
information.
What is referencing?
A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it
is and could find the source themselves if necessary. The references are typically listed at the end of the research.
Why do we need to cite sources?
1. To avoid plagiarism – plagiarism is the theft of words, phrases, sentence structures, ideas, and opinions.
2. To assign proper authority to a statement – this adds “weight” to your paper
Referencing sources
Referencing your sources means systematically showing what information or ideas you are quoting or
paraphrasing from another author’s works and where they come from. In doing so, researchers used APA format which
stands for American Psychological Association. This format is widely used for course papers and journal articles in
psychology and also in the social sciences, education, engineering, and business.
Citing Web Sites
Web site with one author Kraizer, S. (2015). Safe Child. Retrieved February 29, from http://www.safechild.org
Web site with corporate author Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA). (2008,
February 15) Stop underage drinking. Retrieved February 29, 2008, from
http://www.stopalcoholabuse.gov
Web site with unknown author Penn State Myths. (2006) Retrieved December 6, 2011, from
http://www.psoedu.ur/about/myths
Page within a website Global Warming Solutions. (2007, May 21). In Union of Concerned Scientists.
Retrieved February 29, 2008, from
http://www.ucusa.org/globalwarming/solutions
Website with no author or date Census data revisited. (n.d.). Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Harvard, Psychology of
of publication Population website, http://harvard.edu/data/index.php
Citing Books
Book by a Single Author Rollin, B.E. (2016). Science and Ethics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Book by Two Authors Sherman, C.,& Price, G. (2017). The Invisible Web: Uncovering Information Sources
Search Engines Can’t See. Medford, NJ: Cyber Age Books.
Book by Three or More Goodpaster, K.E., Nash, L.L., & Betignies, H. (2016). Business Ethics: Policies and
Authors Person (3rd ed.).
Book by a Corporate Author American Medical Association. (2004). American Medical Association Family
Medical Guide (4th ed.).
Article or chapter within an Winnie, P.H. (2014). Self-regulated learning viewed from models of information
edited book processing. In B.J. Zimmerman & D.H. Schuk (Eds), self-regulated learning
and academic achievement (2nd ed, pp 160-192). Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence
Eribaum Associates.
Citing Articles from Print Periodicals, Journals and Encyclopedia
Article in a Daily Newspaper Dougherty, R. (2006, January 11). Jury convicts man in drunk driving death. Centre
Daily Times, p 1A.
Article in a Weekly Magazine Will, G.G. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart. Newsweek.
Article in a Monthly Magazine Swedin, E.G. (2006, May/June). Designing babies: A Eugenics race with China? The
Futurist.
Article in a Scholarly Journal Stock, C.D., & Fisher, P.A. (2006). Language delays among foster children:
Implications for policy and practice. Child Welfare, 85 (3).
Book Review Rifkind, D. (2005, April 10). Breaking their vows. Review.
Journal Article without DOI Becker, L. J., & Seligman, C. (1981). Welcome to the energy crisis. Journal of Social
(digital object identifier) Issues, 37(2), 1-7.
Journal Article with DOI Paivio, A. (1975). Perceptual comparisons through the mind's eye. Memory &
(digital object identifier) Cognition, 3, 635-647. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Encyclopedia Brislin, R. W. (1984). Cross-cultural psychology. In R. J. Corsini (Ed.), Encyclopedia
of psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 319-327). New York, NY: Wiley.
NOTE: DOI - a unique alphanumeric string assigned to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the
internet. The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article near the copyright notice.
WHAT TO DO?
Journal #4: In your research journal notebook, answer the following questions briefly.
1. Differentiate referencing and citation.
2. Why do researchers need to cite sources?
SELF-CHECK!
Direction: Identify the source of the following references. Choose from the choices below.
A. Web sites B. Books C. Print Periodicals D. Journals
_____1. Cooper, R.K. and Cooper, L.L. (1996). Low-Fat Living. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press?
_____2. Campbell, I. C. (1997) “Culture Contact and Polynesian Identity in the European Age" Journal of World History Vol. 8 46—6?
_____3. Andrada N. (1996, May 3). How to Become an Environmentalist The Malaya, p. B-11.
_____4. Nikesh, M. (2003). Midst of bees and other short stories Retrieved February 14, from http://homeearthlink.net/
_____5. Jameison, A. & Plette, S. (2013). A quick look at symptoms of adult-onset cardiac disease in diabetes. Journal of Medical
Practices 4(2), 80-85.

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Lesson #6: The APA Format in Citing and Referencing

What is citation? Sources

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