Oct16 and 17

Republic of the Philippines
Negros ORiental State University

College of Teacher Education (CTEd)
Dumaguete City, Philippines
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

Assisting and Mentoring for Understanding, Mastery, and Achievement
DAILY NARRATIVE REPORT

Academic Year 2024 – 2025
Name of Tutor: Jaya T. Quibot

Subject: ED 203 Facilitating Learner-
Program & Year-level: BEED IV
Centered Teaching
Name of Tutee: Erica B. Tablate
Date of Tutor Session: 10/16&18/2024
Program & Year-level: BPED II
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the tutee should be able to:
a. Define the concept of educational philosophy;
b. State their own philosophies in education; and
c. Recognize the value of educational philosophies in their future teaching and learning.
II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Educational Philosophies
References: https://philosophy.fsu.edu/undergraduate-study/why-philosophy/What-is-
Philosophy
Materials: Printed answer sheets
III. PROCEDURES
A. Preparation
Pretest
Direction: Encircle the correct answer from the given choices.
1. Teacher Adam puts his student, Eve, at the center of the educational process and
prepares him to experience life as it is. Which educational philosophy is being
described?
A.Perennialism
B. Naturalism
C. Progressivism
D. Existentialism
2. Teacher Benica asks one of her students, ”What do you want to become when you
grow up?” What kind of philosophy does the question indicates?
A.Progressivism
B. Naturalism
C. Existentialism
D. Idealism
3. Mrs. Cruz always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to
examine them and decide for themselves whether to accept them or not. What kind of
philosophy does Mrs. Cruz practice?
A.Existentialism
B. Humanism
C. Essentialism
D. Idealism
4. “Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning”, is a statement from what
educational
philosophy?
A.Progressivist
B. Perennialism
C. Constructivism
D. Reconstructionism
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

5. The CNHS curriculum gives greater emphasis on the development of basic skills.
Which philosophy is being pertained?
A.Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Existentialism
D. Pragmatism
B. Review
C. Presentation
Topic: Educational Philosophies
D. Tutor Proper
Educational Philosophies
Education philosophies are not what you want to do in class to aid learning, but why
you do them and how they work. Philosophies need to translate ideas into action – if you
want to use certain techniques, then you need to understand how they are effective in the
classroom to create that portion of your education philosophy. (Beasley and Haulmark)
A. What is Philosophy?
Derived from the Greek “philos,” which means love, and “sophos,” which means
“wisdom,” the actual meaning of the word philosophy is “love of wisdom” (Johnson et. al.,
2011)
Philosophy is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like
existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that
reflects on its own methods and assumptions.
Philosophy is at the heart of curriculum development. It helps educators in

formulating beliefs, arguments, and assumptions and in making value judgments.
Philosophy develops a broad outlook, and it also helps in answering what schools are for,
what subjects are important, how students should learn, and what materials and methods
should be used. Philosophy provides the starting point in decision making about
education in its totality (Ogwara, et. al, 2013).
The term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity
people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world
in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other. As an academic
discipline philosophy is much the same. Those who study philosophy are perpetually engaged in
asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to life's most basic questions. To make such a
pursuit more systematic academic philosophy is traditionally divided into major areas of study.
10 Educational Philosophies
1. PERENNIALISM
 Perennialism is an educational philosophy that states one should teach the things that are
everlasting importance to all individuals everywhere.
 Perennialism comes from a word “perennial” meaning “everlasting”
 A teacher-centered philosophy that emphasizes the importance of transferring knowledge,
information, and skills from the older (presumably wiser) generation to the younger ones.
 For Perennialists, the aim of education is to ensure that students acquire
understandings about the great ideas of Western civilization.
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

 The goal of a perennialist education is to teach students to think rationally and

develop minds that can think critically.
 A perennialist classroom aims to be a closely organized and well-disciplined
environment, which develops in students a lifelong quest for the truth.
 Perennialists believe that education should epitomize a prepared effort to make these
ideas available to students and to guide their thought processes toward the
understanding and appreciation of the great works, works of literature written by
history’s finest thinkers that transcend time and never become outdated.
2. ESSENTIALISM
 Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that

children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical
school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic
knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach. (Wikipedia)
 The educational philosophy suggesting that specific knowledge and skills exist that all
people should possess.
 An educational theory that focuses on an essential set of learning prepares individuals for
life by concentrating on the culture and traditions of the past.
 Essentialism tries to instill all students with the most basic skills, knowledge, and
character development.
 For essentialist, education involves the learning of basic skills, arts and science.
 Essentialist believes that students should be taught to be a model citizen.
3. PROGRESSIVISM
 According to Murphy, progressivists believe that education should focus on
the whole child, rather than on the content or the teacher. This educational philosophy
stresses that students should test ideas by active experimentation. Learning is
rooted in the questions of learners that arise through experiencing the world. It is
active, not passive.
 An educational philosophy emphasizing real-world problem solving and individual
development.
 A theory of education that is concerned with “learning by doing” and purports (claim to)
that children learn best when pursuing their own interests and satisfying their own needs.
 Progressivist believe that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their
lives.
4. EXISTENTIALISM
 A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person
as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through the acts of
will.
 Existentialism on Axiology: Values should be freely chosen.
 Educational Implication: Classroom dialogues stimulate awareness that each student
creates self-concept through significant choices.
 “Existence precedes essence.”
 Human persons do not possess the essence; they make choices that create their own
nature.
 Choice is vital and inevitable to human existence; even the refusal to choose is a choice.
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

5. BEHAVIORISM
 Behaviorism theory emerged in the early 20th century and focuses on observable and
measurable behaviors. It holds that behavior is shaped by environmental factors (e.g.
rewards and punishments) rather than cognitive processes.
 Behaviorism is an approach to psychology based on the belief that all human actions and
responses can be explained in terms of reflexes conditioned by reward and punishment.
 Behaviorist believe that by understanding and manipulating these environmental factors,
they can change or modify behavior in predictable ways.
 Example: A parent rewards a child with a candy for completing their homework as a
means of incentivizing and reinforcing the behavior.
6. HUMANISM
 Humanism has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy. Pre-socratic philosophers were the
first to explain the world in terms of human reason and natural law, without relying on
divine forces (Law, 2011). This is best expressed in Protagoras’ dictum: “man is the
measure of all things”.
 Humanism is a rational philosophy based on belief in the dignity and motivated by
human hope and human compassion.
 It is a moral philosophy that considers humans to be primary importance.
 Key Ideas
- Belief in Good in all Humans
- Holistic wellbeing and flourishing
- Universal Human Rights
- Scientific and critical thinking
- Empathy, compassion, and kindness
- Embracing diversity and pluralism
- Appreciation for Art and Culture
- Global Citizenship
7. RECONSTRUCTIONISM
 A philosophy that emphasizes the addressing of social questions and a quest to create a
better society and worldwide democracy.
 Reconstructionist educators focus on a curriculum that highlights social reform as the aim
of education.
 A student-centered philosophy that promotes world social progress, focuses on world
events, controversial issues, and developing a vision for a new better world.
 reconstructionism emphasizes on social reforms as the aim of education. It focuses
on student experience and taking social actions on real problems. Method of
teaching include the problem-oriented type (students are encouraged to critically examine
cultural heritage), group discussions, inquiry, dialogues, interactions and community-
based learning. The classroom will serve as a laboratory in experimenting school
practices “bringing the world into the classroom.”
8. CONSTRUCTIVISM
 As stated by Woolfolk (1993) “learning is active mental work, not passive reception of
teaching”.
 People construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiencing things
and reflecting on those experience.
 The constructivist learning theory explains that we learn by ‘constructing’ knowledge in
our minds through interaction with our environments.
 Constructivism argues that learners have an active role in thinking things through mulling
them over and coming to logical conclusions.
 Constructivism is about how people learn.
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

 Key Concepts
- Learning is a cognitive process
- We learn through experiences
- We learn through social interaction
- We use prior knowledge to make sense of new information
9. NATURALISM
 Naturalism is concerned with “natural self” or “real self”. It contends that the ultimate
reality is matter, and not mind or spirit.
 Naturalism is a philosophy with the belief that nature alone represents the entire reality.
 Naturalism is a concept that firmly believes that ultimate reality lies in the nature of
matter.
 Matter is considered to be supreme and mind is the functioning of the brain that is made
up of matter.
 The whole universe is governed by laws of nature and they are changeable.
10. IDEALISM
 Idealism is considered one of the oldest philosophical systems, whose main

proponent was the Greek philosopher, Plato.
 Idealism advocates that ideas constitute what is real and permanent, i.e. ideas are the only
true reality. Idealism also emphasizes the spiritual component of man, i.e., man is a
spiritual being.
 Idealism in education is a belief that knowledge comes from within.
 Originally conceived by Plato, idealism states that the only true reality is the reality
within the mind.
 For teachers, this implies the need to develop children to their true or full potential and
guide their minds so that they are living up to their purpose.
 Educational Aims of Idealism:
- Develop the mind
- search for true ideas
- character development
- self-realization
- preservation and transmission of culture
- preparation for whole life
IV. EVALUATION
Post-test
Direction: Encircle the correct the answer.
1. Which educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of students actively constructing

their own knowledge through hands-on experiences and problem-solving?
a) Perennialism
b) Progressivism
c) Essentialism
d) Behaviorism
2. A philosophy that stresses the transmission of a core body of knowledge and values deemed
essential for a well-rounded citizen.
a) Essentialism
b) Existentialism
c) Constructivism
d) Progressivism
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

3. Which philosophy views the learner as a blank slate, shaped by environmental stimuli and
reinforcement?
a) Behaviorism
b) Humanism
c) Perennialism
d) Constructivism
4. A teacher wants to create a classroom environment where students are encouraged to explore
their own interests and develop their unique talents. They believe in providing students with
choices and opportunities for self-expression. Which educational philosophy is this teacher most
likely aligned with?
a) Essentialism
b) Perennialism
c) Progressivism
d) Existentialism
5. It is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, choice,

and self-discovery in education.
a) Existentialism
b) Essentialism
c) Progressivism
d) Behaviorism
6. A school district implements a curriculum that focuses on teaching a core set of essential skills
and knowledge, such as reading, writing, math, and history. They believe that these subjects are
crucial for students to become successful in life. Which educational philosophy is this district
most likely following?
a) Essentialism
b) Behaviorism
c) Humanism
d) Constructivism
7. What educational philosophy focuses on the development of the whole child, including their
emotional, social, and intellectual needs?
a) Humanism
b) Perennialism
c) Essentialism
d) Behaviorism
8. A teacher uses a reward system to motivate students and encourage them to complete their
assignments. They believe that positive reinforcement is the key to shaping students' behavior.
Which educational philosophy is this teacher most likely aligned with?
a) Behaviorism
b) Progressivism
c) Humanism
d) Perennialism
9. A teacher designs a project-based learning activity where students work in groups to solve a
real-world problem. They believe that students learn best by doing and by applying their
knowledge to practical situations. Which educational philosophy is this teacher most likely
following?
a) Constructivism
b) Perennialism
c) Essentialism
d) Behaviorism
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

10. A teacher emphasizes the importance of creating a caring and supportive classroom
environment where students feel safe to express themselves and take risks. They believe that
learning should be a joyful and meaningful experience. Which educational philosophy is this
teacher most likely aligned with?
a) Humanism
b) Essentialism
c) Behaviorism
d) Perennialism
V. ASSIGNMENT / MATERIALS
Answer the following questions.
1. In your own understanding, define what is educational philosophy.

2. What is your philosophy in in education? How can you apply it in your
class?
3. "Education should be student-centered." Analyze this statement and
discuss which philosophy defines "student-centered" and how it would
manifest in a classroom setting.
4. How can you give a value of educational philosophies in your future
teaching and learning.
Certified by:
DR. REGINA EMPESO MRS. PRINCESS IZZA YAMARO

Field Study 1 Adviser Field Study 2 Adviser
Name: Date:________________
Pretest
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

Direction: Encircle the correct answer from the given choices.
1. Teacher Adam puts his student, Eve, at the center of the educational process and
prepares him to experience life as it is. Which educational philosophy is being
described?
A.Perennialism
B. Naturalism
C. Progressivism
D. Existentialism
2. Teacher Benica asks one of her students,”What do you want to become when you grow
up?” What kind of philosophy does the question indicates?
A.Progressivism
B. Naturalism
C. Existentialism
D. Idealism
3. Mrs. Cruz always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to
examine them and decide for themselves whether to accept them or not. What kind of
philosophy does Mrs. Cruz practice?
A.Existentialism
B. Humanism
C. Essentialism
D. Idealism
4. “Learningis the process of retrieving prior learning”, is a statement from what

educational
philosophy?
A.Progressivist
B. Perennialism
C. Constructivism
D. Reconstructionism
5. The CNHS curriculum gives greater emphasis on the development of basic skills.
Which philosophy is being pertained?
A.Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Existentialism
D. Pragmatism
Post-test
Name: Date:_____________________
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

Direction: Encircle the correct the answer.
1. Which educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of students actively constructing

their own knowledge through hands-on experiences and problem-solving?
a) Perennialism
b) Progressivism
c) Essentialism
d) Behaviorism
2. A philosophy that stresses the transmission of a core body of knowledge and values deemed
essential for a well-rounded citizen.
a) Essentialism
b) Existentialism
c) Constructivism
d) Progressivism
3. Which philosophy views the learner as a blank slate, shaped by environmental stimuli and
reinforcement?
a) Behaviorism
b) Humanism
c) Perennialism
d) Constructivism
4. A teacher wants to create a classroom environment where students are encouraged to explore
their own interests and develop their unique talents. They believe in providing students with
choices and opportunities for self-expression. Which educational philosophy is this teacher most
likely aligned with?
a) Essentialism
b) Perennialism
c) Progressivism
d) Existentialism
5. It is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, choice,

and self-discovery in education.
a) Existentialism
b) Essentialism
c) Progressivism
d) Behaviorism
6. A school district implements a curriculum that focuses on teaching a core set of essential skills
and knowledge, such as reading, writing, math, and history. They believe that these subjects are
crucial for students to become successful in life. Which educational philosophy is this district
most likely following?
a) Essentialism
b) Behaviorism
c) Humanism
d) Constructivism
7. What educational philosophy focuses on the development of the whole child, including their
emotional, social, and intellectual needs?
a) Humanism
b) Perennialism
c) Essentialism
d) Behaviorism
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

8. A teacher uses a reward system to motivate students and encourage them to complete their
assignments. They believe that positive reinforcement is the key to shaping students' behavior.
Which educational philosophy is this teacher most likely aligned with?
a) Behaviorism
b) Progressivism
c) Humanism
d) Perennialism
9. A teacher designs a project-based learning activity where students work in groups to solve a
real-world problem. They believe that students learn best by doing and by applying their
knowledge to practical situations. Which educational philosophy is this teacher most likely
following?
a) Constructivism
b) Perennialism
c) Essentialism
d) Behaviorism
10. A teacher emphasizes the importance of creating a caring and supportive classroom
environment where students feel safe to express themselves and take risks. They believe that
learning should be a joyful and meaningful experience. Which educational philosophy is this
teacher most likely aligned with?
a) Humanism
b) Essentialism
c) Behaviorism
d) Perennialism
HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

ASSIGNMENT
Name:_____________________________________ Date:___________________
Answer the following questions.
1. In your own understanding, define what is educational philosophy.

2. What is your philosophy in in education? How can you apply it in your
class?
3. "Education should be student-centered." Analyze this statement and
discuss which philosophy defines "student-centered" and how it would
manifest in a classroom setting.
4. How can you give a value of educational philosophies in your future
teaching and learning.

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Republic of the Philippines

Negros ORiental State University

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

DAILY NARRATIVE REPORT

Name of Tutor: Jaya T. Quibot

II. SUBJECT MATTER

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

Philosophy is at the heart of curriculum development. It helps educators in

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

 The goal of a perennialist education is to teach students to think rationally and

 Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

 Idealism is considered one of the oldest philosophical systems, whose main

1. Which educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of students actively constructing

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

5. It is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, choice,

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

Answer the following questions.

1. In your own understanding, define what is educational philosophy.

DR. REGINA EMPESO MRS. PRINCESS IZZA YAMARO

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

4. “Learningis the process of retrieving prior learning”, is a statement from what

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

1. Which educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of students actively constructing

5. It is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, choice,

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

HALAD AMUMA PROJECT

Answer the following questions.

1. In your own understanding, define what is educational philosophy.

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