National Symbols

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Important National Symbols

1. National Flag – Tiranga The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour


of deep saffron at the top, white in the
middle and dark green at the bottom in
equal proportion. The ratio of width of the
flag to its length is 2:3. In the centre of the
white band is a navy-blue wheel which
represents the chakra with 24 spokes and
it was adopted by the Constituent
Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. The flag
was designed by Pingali Venkayya.
2. National Emblem – State Emblem of It is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of
India Ashoka at Sarnath, preserved in the
Varanasi Sarnath Museum in India. It was
adopted on 26 January 1950, the day that
India became a republic.
3. National Calendar – Saka Calendar The National Calendar of India was
adopted on 22 March 1957. The calendar is
based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its
first month and Phalgun as the last month.
The year comprises of 12 months and 365
days. The national Calendar of India is
used along with the Gregorian calendar.
4. National Anthem – Jana Gana Mana It was composed originally in Bengali by
Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its
Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly
as the National Anthem of India on 24
January 1950. It was first sung on 27
December 1911 at the Kolkata Session of
the Indian National Congress.
5. National Song – Vande Mataram Bankim Chandra Chatterjee composed
originally in Sanskrit stotra in 1870s and
included it in his novel “Anandamath”
personifying India as a mother goddess
and inspiring the activists during the
Indian Independence Movement. It was
adopted as the National song of India in
1950.
6. Oath of Allegiance – National Pledge It is commonly recited by the Indians in
unison at public events, especially in
schools, and during the Independence Day
and Republic Day celebrations. The pledge
was originally composed in Telugu
language by writer Pydimarri Venkata
Subba Rao in 1962. It was adopted as the
National Pledge of India in 1965.
7. National Flower – Indian Lotus Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is the
National Flower of India. It is a sacred
flower and occupies a unique position in
the art and mythology of ancient India.
India is rich in flora. Currently available
data place India in the tenth position in
the world and fourth in Asia in plant
diversity.
8. National Fruit – Mango Mango (Mangifera indica) originated in
India and the country is home to more
than 100 varieties of the fruit.
9. National River – Ganga Ganga is the longest river of India with the
most heavily populated river basin in the
world. The river is revered by Hindus as
the most sacred river on earth.
10. National Tree – Indian Banyan Indian banyan (Ficus bengalensis) root
themselves to form new trees and grow
over large areas. Because of this
characteristic and its longevity, this tree is
considered immortal and is an integral part
of the myths and legends of India.
11. National Animal – Bengal Tiger It is the largest carnivore is found only in
the Indian subcontinent and can be found
in most regions of the country.
12. National Aquatic Animal – River Gangetic dolphin is said to represent the
Dolphin purity of the holy Ganga River as it can
only survive in pure and fresh water.
13. National Bird – Indian Peacock On February 1, 1963, The Government of
India has decided to have the Peacock as
the national bird of India.
15. National Microbe Lactobacillus Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria. These
are "friendly" bacteria that normally live in
our digestive, urinary, and genital systems
without causing disease. Lactobacillus is
also in some fermented foods like yogurt
and in dietary supplements.
16. National currency – Indian Rupee Indian Rupee is the official currency of the
Republic of India. The issuance of the
currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank
of India. The Indian rupee symbol is
derived from the Devanagari consonant
"र" (ra) and the Latin letter "R" was
adopted in 2010.

17. National Reptile King Cobra


18. National Vegetable Pumpkin

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