FEU ALABANG

FILINVEST CITY, ALABANG,

MUNTINLUPA MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

HVAC & REFRIGERATION

FINALS PROJECT

HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS

Prepared by
Cabili, Joed Godwin
R. Justo, Johann
Alfred M. Mendoza,
John Carlo T. Pleno,
Josef Maximo C.
Rones, Alfred Vincent
M.

Submitted to
Engr. Marco
Satiada

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 TABLE OF
CONTENTS
I. DIAGRAM..............................................................................................3
II. DESCRIPTION...................................................................................4
A. Outdoor Design Conditions...........................................................................4
B. Indoor Design Conditions...............................................................................4
C. Gather Building Information (Per Zone)..................................................4
III. FORMULAS.......................................................................................4
A. External Load.....................................................................................................4
B. Internal Load......................................................................................................5
C. Heat Gain from HVAC System......................................................................7
IV. SOLUTIONS (GYMNASIUM)......................................................7
A. External Load.....................................................................................................8
B. Internal Load.....................................................................................................9
C. Heat Gain from HVAC System...................................................................10
D. Summary...........................................................................................................10
V. SOLUTIONS (MAIN BEDROOM).............................................11
A. External Load...................................................................................................11
B. Internal Load.....................................................................................................12
C. Heat Gain from HVAC System....................................................................13
D. Summary............................................................................................................13
VI. Excel Presentation....................................................................14

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I. Diagram

Figure 1.0 Gymnasium

Figure 2.0 Main Bedroom

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II. Description
A. Outdoor Design Conditions
Temperature: Identifying the outdoor design temperature for
Imus, Cavite. For the Philippines, the ASHRAE handbook provides
design temperatures. A common design temperature for the cooling
load in the Philippines might be around,

 Dry bulb temp. of 107.6°F (42°C) with a corresponding wet bulb

temp. of 78°F (25.5°C).

B. Indoor Design Conditions

 Temperature: Typically set at 75°F (24°C).
 Relative Humidity: 50%.

C. Gather Building Information (Per Zone)

Construction Materials: Walls, roof, floor, windows, and insulation types.
Dimensions: Floor area, wall area, window area, and roof area.
Occupancy: Number of people, their activities, and
schedules. Lighting and Equipment: Types, wattages, and
usage patterns.

III. Formulas
A. EXTERNAL LOAD
1. Sensible Loads Through Opaque Envelope Assemblies
For the walls and roof of the gymnasium, the equation used is:

Q = U × A × CLTD

Where:
 U = Thermal Transmittance for walls or roof.
 A = Area of walls or roof.
 CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference.

Needs:
The gymnasium dimensions
Wall thickness and other structural dimensions will be considered for
accurate calculations.

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 2. Sensible Loads through Transparent or Translucent
Envelope Assemblies
For windows and other glazed openings, the equation used is:

Q = A × SHGC × CLF

Where:
 A = Area of glass.
 SHGC = Solar Heat Gain Coefficient.
 CLF = Cooling Load Factor.

3. Sensible Loads Through Ventilation and Infiltration

The equation for sensible loads through air
leakage is:

Qsensible = 1.08 × CFM × (To − Tc)

Where:
 CFM = Ventilation airflow rate.
 To = Outside dry bulb temperature.
 Tc = Dry bulb temperature of air leaving the cooling coil.

4. Latent Loads Through Ventilation and Infiltration

The equation for latent loads through air leakage
is:

Qlatent = 4840 × CFM × (Wo − Wc)

Where:
 Wo = Outside humidity ratio.
 Wc = Humidity ratio of air leaving the cooling coil.

B. INTERNAL LOAD
1. Sensible & Latent Loads Due to People
The equation for people is:

Qsensible = N × (QS) ×
CLF Qlatent = N × (QL)

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Where:
 N = Number of people.
 QS, QL = Sensible and latent heat gain from occupancy.

2. Sensible Loads Due to Lighting

The equation for lighting is:

Q = 3.41 × W × FUT × FBF × CLF

Where:
 W = Installed lamp watts input.
 FUT = Lighting use factor.
 FBF = Blast factor allowance.
 CLF = Cooling Load Factor.

3. Sensible Loads Due to Power Loads and Motors

For power-driven equipment and motors located inside the space:

Q = 2545 × P/Eff × FUM × FLM

Where:
 P = Horsepower rating.
 Eff = Equipment motor efficiency.
 FUM = Motor use factor.
 FLM = Motor load factor.

4. Sensible & Latent Loads Due to Appliances

The equation for appliances is:

Q = 3.41 × W × Fu × Fr × CLF

Where:
 W = Installed rating of appliances in watts.
 Fu = Usage factor.
 Fr = Radiation factor.
 CLF = Cooling Load Factor.

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C. HEAT GAIN FROM HVAC SYSTEM
1. Supply Fan Heat Load
The equation for supply fan heat load is:

Q = 2545 × P/(Eff1×Eff2)

Where:
 P = Horsepower rating.
 Eff1 = Full load motor and drive efficiency.
 Eff2 = Fan static efficiency.

2. Duct Heat Gain

This is typically estimated as a percentage of the space sensible
cooling load, usually 1% to 5%.

IV. SOLUTIONS
(GYMNASIUM)
Table -1
U-values for Walls

Wall Description of Weigh U U value,

description construction t, lb/ ft 2 value, W/m 2⋅K
BTU/hr
- ft 2 ⋅F
4-in face brick 4-in common 90 0.415 2.35647
+ brick brick

1 BTU/hr- ft 2 ⋅F = 5.67826 W/m2⋅K

Now, apply this to your specific value:

So, (0.415 BTU/hr- ft 2 ⋅F) {(5.67826 W/m2⋅K) / (1 BTU/hr- ft 2⋅F)} = 2.35647

W/m2⋅K

Overall Dimensions:
 Length: 8800 mm = 8.8 m
 Width: 8600 mm = 8.6 m
 Area = 76.74 sq.m

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 Wall and Structural Details:
 Wall thickness: 665 mm = 0.665 m
 Door dimensions: 2335 mm = 2.235 m2

*Columns and structural elements are included in the floor

plan*

A. EXTERNAL LOAD
1. Sensible Loads through Opaque Envelope Assemblies
For the walls and roof of the gymnasium:

 U (Thermal Transmittance): 2.35647 W/m2⋅K for concrete walls

 A (Area of walls and roof):

o Area of each wall = Height × Length (Assume a standard

height of 3000 mm for walls).
o Area of the roof = Length × Width

Wall area (each wall)1 = 8.8 m × 3.0 m = 26.4

2
m Wall area (each wall)2 = 8.6 m × 3.0 m =
25.8 m2 Total wall area = 2 × (26.4 + 25.8) m2 =
104.4 m2 Roof area = 8.8 m × 8.6 m = 75.68 m2

 CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature Difference): Assumed to be 10°C

Qwalls = U × A × CLTD = 2.35647 W/m2⋅K × 104.4 m2 × 10 K =

2460.16 W Qroof = U × A × CLTD = 2.35647 W/m2⋅K × 75.68 m2 × 10
K = 1783.38 W

2. Sensible Loads Through Transparent or Translucent

Envelope Assemblies
These values can vary. For our purposes, let's assume:

 SHGC: 0.70 (double-pane glass)

 CLF: 1.0 (assuming)
 Length: 1135 mm = 1.135 m, 1485 mm = 1.485 m
 Width: 25 mm = 0.025 m

Length of glass1 × no. of glass = 1.135 × 12 = 13.62

m Length of glass2 × no. of glass = 1.485 × 5 = 7.425
m
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Area of the glass = 13.62 + 7.425 = 21.045 × (0.025×17) = 8.944 m2

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 Qwindow = 8.944 × 0.70 × 1.0 = 6.2608 Wm2

3. Sensible Loads Through Ventilation and Infiltration

Assuming typical ventilation rates:

 CFM (Ventilation airflow rate): Assumed to be 500 CFM

for the gymnasium.
 To (Outside dry bulb temperature): 42°C (typical summer day).
 Tc (Dry bulb temperature of air leaving the cooling
coil): 24°C (comfortable indoor temperature).

Qsensible, ventilation = 1.08 × 500 × (42 − 24) = 9720 W

4. Latent Loads Through Ventilation and Infiltration

 Wo (Outside humidity ratio): 0.01486 kg/kg (typical summer

value).
 WC (Humidity ratio of air leaving the cooling coil):
0.00928 kg/kg (comfortable indoor value).

Qlatent, ventilation = 4840 × 500 × (0.01486 − 0.00928) =

13503.6 W

B. INTERNAL LOAD
1. Sensible & Latent Loads Due to People
Assuming typical occupancy:

 N (Number of people): 20 (assumed for a small gymnasium).

 QS (Sensible heat gain per person): 75 W (typical value).
 QL (Latent heat gain per person): 55 W (typical value).

Qsensible, people = 20 × 75 = 1500 W

Qlatent, people = 20 × 55 = 1100 W

2. Sensible Loads Due to Lighting

Assuming typical lighting:

 W (Installed lamp watts input): 500 W

 FUT (Lighting use factor): 1.0
 FBF (Blast factor allowance): 1.0

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  CLF (Cooling Load Factor): 1.0.

Qlighting = 3.41 × 500 × 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 = 1705 W

3. Sensible Loads Due to Power Loads and Motors

Assuming minimal equipment:

 Small motor loads, negligible for calculation.

4. Sensible & Latent Loads Due to Appliances

Assuming minimal appliance use:

 Small appliance loads, negligible for calculation.

C. HEAT GAIN from HVAC SYSTEM

1. Supply Fan Heat Load
Assuming typical fan system:

 P (Horsepower rating): 1 HP.

 Eff1 (Full load motor and drive efficiency): 0.9.
 Eff2 (Fan static efficiency): 0.8.

1
Qfan = 2545 × = 3534.72 W
0.9 ×0.8

D. SUMMARY
Total cooling load:

Qtotal = Qwalls + Qroof + Qglass + Qsensible, ventilation +

Qlatent, ventilation + Qsensible, people + Qlatent, people +
Qlighting + Qfan

Qtotal = 2460.16 + 1783.38 + 6.2608 + 9720 + 13503.6 + 1500 +

1100 +
1705 + 3534.72

Qtotal = 35,313.121 W

Thus, the total cooling load for the gymnasium is approximately

35,313.121W or 35.31 kW.

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 Note: The above calculations are based on typical values and assumptions. For
precise load calculations, actual site-specific data and material specifications
should be used.

V. SOLUTIONS (MAIN BEDROOM)

1. Overall Dimensions:
o Length: 5830 mm = 5.83 m
o Width: 6200 mm = 6.2 m (maximum length)
o Area = 31.40 sq.m

2. Wall and Structural Details:

o Wall thickness: 200 mm = 0.2 m
o Door dimensions: Standard 900 mm = 0.9 m width

A. EXTERNAL LOAD
1. Sensible Loads Through Opaque Envelope Assemblies
For the walls and roof of the bedroom:

 U (Thermal Transmittance): Assumed to be 2.35647 W/m2⋅K for

concrete walls
 A (Area of walls and roof):

o Area of each wall = Height × Length (Assume a standard

height of 3000 mm for walls).
o Area of the roof = Length × Width.

Wall area (each wall)1 = 5.83 m × 3.0 m =

17.49 m2 Wall area (each wall)2 = 6.2 m × 3.0
m = 18.6 m2 Total wall area = 2 × (17.49 +
18.6) m2 = 72.18 m2 Roof area = 5.83 m × 6.2 m
= 36.146 m2

 CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature Difference): Assumed to be 10°C

Qwalls = U × A × CLTD = 2.35647 W/m2⋅K × 72.18 m2 × 10 K =

1700.9 W Qroof = U × A × CLTD = 2.35647 W/m2⋅K × 36.146 m2 × 10
K = 851.76 W

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2. Sensible Loads Through Transparent or Translucent
Envelope Assemblies
These values can vary. For our purposes, let's assume:

 SHGC: 0.70 (double-pane glass)

 CLF: 1.0 (assuming)
 Length: 1485 mm = 1.485 m
 Width: 25 mm = 0.025 m

Length of glass × no. of glass = 1.485 × 2 =

2.97 m Area of the glass = 2.97 × (0.025×2) =
0.1485m2

Qwindow = 0.1485 × 0.70 × 1.0 = 0.1039 Wm2

3. Sensible Loads Through Ventilation and Infiltration

Assuming typical ventilation rates:

 CFM (Ventilation airflow rate): Assumed to be 100 CFM for the

bedroom.
 To (Outside dry bulb temperature): 42°C
 Tc (Dry bulb temperature of air leaving the cooling coil): 24°C

Qsensible, ventilation = 1.08 × 100 × (42 − 24) = 1944 W

4. Latent Loads Through Ventilation and Infiltration

 Wo (Outside humidity ratio): 0.01486 kg/kg

 Wc (Humidity ratio of air leaving the cooling coil): 0.00928 kg/kg

Qlatent, ventilation = 4840 × 100 × (0.01486 − 0.00928) = 2700.72

W

B. INTERNAL LOAD
1. Sensible & Latent Loads Due to People
Assuming typical occupancy:

 N (Number of people): 2 (assumed for a bedroom).

 QS (Sensible heat gain per person): 75 W (typical value).
 QL (Latent heat gain per person): 55 W (typical value).

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 Qsensible, people = 2 × 75 = 150 W
Qlatent, people = 2 × 55 = 110 W

2. Sensible Loads Due to Lighting

Assuming typical lighting:

 W (Installed lamp watts input): 200 W

 FUT (Lighting use factor): 1.0
 FBF (Blast factor allowance): 1.0
 CLF (Cooling Load Factor): 1.0

Qlighting = 3.41 × 200 × 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 = 682 W

3. Sensible Loads Due to Power Loads and Motors

Assuming minimal equipment:

 Small motor loads, negligible for calculation.

4. Sensible & Latent Loads Due to Appliances

Assuming minimal appliance use:

 Small appliance loads, negligible for calculation.

C. HEAT GAIN from HVAC SYSTEM

1. Supply Fan Heat Load
Assuming typical fan system:

 P (Horsepower rating): 0.5 HP

 Eff1 (Full load motor and drive efficiency): 0.9
 Eff2 (Fan static efficiency): 0.8

0.5
Qfan = 2545 × = 1767.361 W
0.9 ×0.8

D. SUMMARY
Total cooling load:

Qtotal = Qwalls + Qroof + QGlass + Qsensible, ventilation +

Qlatent, ventilation + Qsensible, people + Qlatent, people +
Qlighting + Qfan
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 Qtotal = 1700.9 + 851.76 + 0.1039 + 1944 + 2700.72 + 150 + 110
+ 682 +
1767.361

Qtotal = 9,906.845W

Thus, the total cooling load for the bedroom is approximately

9,906.845 W or 9.91 kW.

Note: The above calculations are based on typical values and assumptions. For
precise load calculations, actual site-specific data and material specifications
should be used.

VI. EXCEL PRESENTATION

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