Genes and Genetic Engineering

11
At the end of the lesson the learner should be able to:
1. Describe the structure of DNA.
2. Explain how proteins is made using information from DNA.
3. Differentiate the different processes of genetic

engineering.
4. Articulate some of the benefits and risks of using

genetically modified organisms.
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have
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glasses
Cleft
hair
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Mother
hair
roll
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brown
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Grandmother
earlobes
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hairline
color eyesblind
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5’7”
eyes
clasp hands
clasp hands
“What makes you unique?”
Directions: Complete the table of comparison between a DNA
and RNA based on the given descriptions. Write the answer on
the space provided.
FEATURE DNA RNA

Nitrogenous
base
Number of
Strands
Sugar
The flow of genetic information is
from DNA to messenger RNA(mRNA) to
protein. This series of process of
protein production is called protein
synthesis.
Genotype
- material found inside the
nucleus which makes up an
organism’s complete set of genes
Phenotype
- an observable characteristic
a process by which a copy of the
original genetic information is
duplicated so that each new cell
receives exactly the same
information as that of the parent
cell.
process rewrites the genetic code in
DNA into a messenger RNA (mRNA).
Transcription takes place in three
steps: initiation, elongation, and
termination.
The copying of DNA into two
identical DNA Molecules, occurring
during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Directions: Use the base pairing rules to figure out the sequence
of the new strand of DNA for the original strands below.
1.C-C-C-G-G-G-T-A-T-G-C-A-T-G-T-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-C-G-T-A-T-A-T-C-G
___________________________________________________________
2.C-G-C-G-A-T-C-G-G-A-G-C-G-A-T-C-G-A-C-G-A-A-T-G-C-C-T-A-G-T-T-T
___________________________________________________________
3.C-G-C-G-A-T-C-G-A-G-C-G-A-T-C-G-A-C-G-A-T-T-G-C-C-T-A-G-T-T-T-T
___________________________________________________________
Directions: Write the complementary DNA and template DNA of
the following. Write your answer on the space provided.
TEMPLATE DNA COMPLEMENTARY DNA

GGCGG
TGCATCG
AGACTC
GATAAGA
CTGGCTAC
Directions: Directions: Transcribe the following DNA template
into its mRNA sequence.
COMPLEMENTARY DNA Messenger RNA(mRNA)
GGCGG
ACGTAGC
TCTGAG
GATAAGA
CTGGCTAC
Directions: Transcribe the following DNA template into its mRNA
sequence.
COMPLEMENTARY DNA Messenger RNA(mRNA)
GGCGG
ACGTAGC
TCTGAG
GATAAGA
CTGGCTAC
Directions: Translate the mRNA strand into a polypeptide chain, identifying the
codons,anticodons, and amino acid sequence. Use the codon table on page 3.
mRNA: UAUGCUUUAGCGCUAGCGCCGCUAAGCC
Codons: _______________________________________________________________
Anticodons: _______________________________________________________________
Aminoacids: _______________________________________________________________
mRNA: AAAUGCCGGUAGUCCGUGAUGACC
Codons: _______________________________________________________________
Anticodons: _______________________________________________________________
Aminoacids: _______________________________________________________________
- also called transformation
- works by physically removing a gene from one
organism and inserting it into another, giving it
the ability to express the trait encoded by that
gene.
1. Pigs that are resistant to respiratory diseases
2. Land mine-detecting plants
3. Genetically modified salmon that grow incredibly quickly
4. Mosquitoes designed to birth weak offspring
5. Cows genetically modified to produce something resembling
human milk
6. Ruppy, the glow-in-the-dark clone beagles
7. The glow-in-the-dark pet Glofish
8. Featherless chickens
9. Monkey-pig chimera
10.The Vacanti mouse
1. GMO corn is created to resist insect pests or tolerate
herbicides
2. GMO soy is used for food for animals, predominantly poultry
and livestock, and making soybean oil
3. GMO cotton was created to be resistant to bollworms and
helped revive the Alabama cotton industry
4. GMO potatoes were developed to resist insect pests and
disease
5. Rainbow papaya, was created to resist ringspot virus
6. GMO summer squash is resistant to some plant viruses
7. GMO apples were developed to resist browning after being cut
1.a decreased use of pesticides and insecticides
2.reduced greenhouse gas emissions
3.increased nutritional values in foods
4.contribute to an increase in the number of functional
foods or nutraceutical foods with added benefits
5.better taste
6.faster output of cops
7.more crops can be grown on less land
8.genetically modified animals have higher resistance
to disease and overall better health
1.potential development of allergens
2.production of toxic substance to “non-target”
organisms
3.increased endocrine disruption , reproductive
disorders, and accelerated aging
4.antibiotic resistance
5.unknown effects
6.soil and water pollution
1.Unintended selection
2.Unwanted change in gene expression
3.Unintended effect on non GM weeds, pests, or
pathogens
4.Survival and persistence beyond intended
zone
5.Production of toxic substance to 'non-target'
organisms
6."Horizontal Gene transfer "
Conduct survey of the different
substances that can trigger
genetic disorders such as
phenylketonuria.

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11

At the end of the lesson the learner should be able to:

1. Describe the structure of DNA.

2. Explain how proteins is made using information from DNA.

3. Differentiate the different processes of genetic

4. Articulate some of the benefits and risks of using

FEATURE DNA RNA

TEMPLATE DNA COMPLEMENTARY DNA

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