mmPPT
mmPPT
mmPPT
Prepared by
Climate Smart Building (CSB) Cell, North Cluster,
LHP Lucknow
INTRODUCTION – MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBAN AFFAIRS (MoHUA)
• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is the
supreme authority of the Government of India to formulate
and monitor all the programmes concerning the housing and
urban development of the country.
• The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA)
through its flagship mission Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojna-Urban (PMAY-U) ensures a pucca house to all eligible
urban households.
• PMAY-U aims to achieve Urban Development through
Transformation, Innovation and Sustainable Inclusions.
1. Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban, 2. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban, 3. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National
Urban Livelihood Mission, 3
4. Heritage Cities Development and Augmentation Yojana, 5. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
INTRODUCTION – MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBAN AFFAIRS (MOHUA)-PMAY
• Due to Rapid increase in urbanization and believing it as an opportunity to reduce poverty.
• For addressing the huge housing demand in the Affordable Sector, Govt. of India launched Pradhan Mantri
Awas Yojana-Urban in June 2015.
PMAY (U) Achievement (provisional), as on 28th February 2023
16 lakh houses are being constructed using New Technologies Source: PMAY Website
INTRODUCTION- GLOBAL HOUSING TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGE (GHTC-INDIA)
• The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India has conceptualized a Global Housing
Technology Challenge - India (GHTC- India).
• To identify and mainstream a basket of innovative technologies from across the globe that are
sustainable and disaster-resilient.
• Such technologies would be cost effective, speedier and ensure a higher quality of construction of
houses, meeting diverse geo-climatic conditions and desired functional needs.
Technologies
Broad Category
(Nos.)
Precast Concrete Construction System - 3D Precast volumetric 4
Precast Concrete Construction System – Precast components assembled at site 8
Light Gauge Steel Structural System & Pre-engineered Steel Structural System 16
Prefabricated Sandwich Panel System 9
Monolithic Concrete Construction 9
Stay In Place Formwork System 8
Total 54
INTRODUCTION – GIZ AND IGEN (INDO GERMAN ENERGY PROGRAM)
Sustainable
• For over 60 Years, GIZ has been working jointly with partners in Economic
Development
India for sustainable economic, ecological, and social
development.
GIZ
Environment,
• The Government of the Republic of India and the Federal Republic Climate
Change and
of Germany under the Indo-German Technical Cooperation, Biodiversity
agreed to jointly promote the “Indo-German Energy Programme” Sustainable
(IGEN) with the aim to foster sustainability in the built Urban and
Industrial
environment through GIZ. Development
INTRODUCTION – CLIMATE SMART BUILDINGS PROGRAMME
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) aims to enhance climate resilience and thermal
comfort in the affordable housing segment through GIZ under Indo German Energy programme (IGEN)’s
programme, Climate Smart Buildings (CSB).
Aim:
• Adopting sustainable and low-impact design.
• Adoption of best available Materials and construction technologies.
• Use of innovative technologies to provide desired thermal comfort for mass replication.
INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE SMART BUILDINGS CELL-NORTH CLUSTER
• Climate Smart Buildings Cluster cells are established in each of the six Light House Project states where
pilot affordable housing projects are being built utilizing innovative construction technologies.
Goal:
To improve climate resilience and thermal comfort in buildings through
• Passive Measures
• Locally sustainable Materials
• Low embodied energy materials
• Best available technology
OBJECTIVES: CLIMATE SMART BUILDINGS CELL, NORTH CLUSTER
In the direction to achieve the goal of sustainability and thermal comfort in affordable housing, CSB Cell
is working with following objectives:
Handbook: Innovative Construction Technologies & Thermal Comfort in Affordable Housing
Precast Concrete Monolithic Precast Light Gauge Steel PVC Stay in Place
Construction Prefabricated Structural System &
Concrete Sandwich Panel Concrete Formwork System
System – Precast Construction using Construction Pre-engineered
Components System Steel Structural • Lucknow, Uttar
Tunnel Formwork System – 3D
Assembled at • Indore, Madhya Volumetric SystemAgartala, Pradesh
Site • Rajkot, Gujarat Pradesh Tripura • No of Houses: 1040
• Ranchi, Jharkhand
• Chennai, Tamilnadu • No. of Houses: 1144 • No. of Houses: 1024 • Agartala, Tripura
• No of Houses: 1008
• No. of Houses: 1152 • No of Houses: 1000
LHP CHENNAI-INAUGRATION (26TH MAY 2022)
LHP CHENNAI-PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM ASSEMBLED AT SITE
• Precast dense reinforced cement concrete hollow core
columns and RCC shear walls is being used as structure .
• AAC blocks in partition walls are being used.
• Dowel bars, continuity reinforcement placed at
connections.
• Self-compacting concrete is being used in hollow cores
of columns.
Plinth with dowels Precast Column Erection Precast Slab work AAC Block work
LHP RAJKOT- INAUGRATION (19TH October 2022)
LHP RAJKOT- MONOLITHIC CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION USING TUNNEL FORMWORK
• Customized engineering formwork replacing conventional steel
or plywood shuttering systems.
• Mechanized system for cellular structures.
• Two half shells which are placed together to form a room or cell.
• Walls and slab are cast in a single day.
• The formwork is stripped the next day for subsequent phase.
Tunnel formwork panel slab and wall casting Building Using Tunnel Formwork
LHP INDORE-PREFABRICATED SANDWICH PANEL SYSTEM
• Lightweight composite wall, floor and roof sandwich panels made of thin fibre
cement or calcium silicate board as face covered boards.
• Core material is EPS granule balls, adhesive, cement, sand, fly ash and other
bonding materials in mortar form.
• The core material in slurry state is pushed under pressure into pre-set moulds. Prefabricated EPS
Sandwich Panel
• Once set, it shall be moved for curing and ready for use with steel support structure
beams and columns.
(LGSFS-ICP) Technology.
Precast concrete panels Light Gauge Steel Frame Structure Assembly of LGS Frames and Construction of Wall
LHP LUCKNOW- PROJECT OVERVIEW
Project Brief
Location of Project Avadh Vihar, Lucknow, U.P.
No. of DUs 1,040 (S+13)
Plot area 20,036 sq.mt.
Carpet area of each DU 34.51 sq.mt.
Total built up area 48,702 sq.mt.
Technology being used Stay In Place Formwork System with pre-engineered steel structural
system
Other provisions Community Centre, Shops
Broad Specifications Broad Specifications
Foundation RCC raft foundation
Structural Frame Pre-engineered steel structural frame
Walling Stay In Place PVC Formwork System
Floor Slabs/Roofing Cast in-situ deck slab
LHP LUCKNOW- PROJECT PLAN
Project Layout Plan
Day Lighting
Shading
THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS-LUKERGANJ, PRAYAGRAJ
Assisted Demo Project Lukerganj, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh
E W
E W
Ventilation With Orientation As Per High SRI Coating China Mosaic Tiles
Proper WFRop Site Constraints Over Roof & Walls on Roof
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE THERMAL COMFORT (BASE CASE)
Existing Project Details
•Total Plot Area: 1731 m2
•No. of DUs: 76 (G+3)
(Block-1: 40, Block-2: 36)
•Covered Area: 634.8 m2
Roof Assembly (U-Value: 1.908 W/m2K )
• Wall Assembly:
• Brick wall (U-Value:
3.012 W/m2K )
• WFRop: 19.57
• VLT (%): 85%
• RETV: 18.28 W/m2
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE THERMAL COMFORT (CASE-1)
Wall Assembly: AAC Block Wall Roof Assembly
2
• (U-Value: 0.981 W/m K ) (U-Value: 0.602 W/m2K )
•WFRop: 19.57 ENS Compliant
•VLT (%): 85% ENS Compliant
•RETV: 10.76 W/m2 (ENS Compliant)
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE THERMAL COMFORT (CASE-2)
Wall Assembly: Roof Assembly
2
EPS Core Panel Wall (U-Value: 0.651 W/m K ) EPS Core Panel
•WFRop: 19.57 ENS Compliant (U-Value: 0.346 W/m2K )
•VLT (%): 85% ENS Compliant
•RETV: 7.76 W/m2 (ENS Compliant)
THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Demo Project-Lukerganj, Prayagraj
Reduction in Heat
% Reduction w.r.t.
Transmittance Through - 41% 58%
Building Envelope base case
% Reduction w.r.t
Annual Discomfort Hours - 8.74% 17.27%
base case
0
Degree Discomfort Hours C.Hrs. 19661 17760 16251
Peak Temperature 0
difference (Summer)
C 3.75 4.49 5.73
3-D model for thermal comfort analysis Cost Rs/DU 539099 552699 579879
Orientation,
Passive Features E-W E-W E-W
Shading etc..
SESSION-2
Importance of Thermal Comfort
1. Thermal comfort and cooling demand
2. Factors affecting thermal comfort and cooling demand
3. Contemporary approaches
4. Thermal comfort metrics
THERMAL COMFORT & ITS IMPORTANCE
Thermal comfort is “the state of mind that expresses satisfaction
within the thermal environment” and generally assessed
subjectively (ASHRAE, 2004).
• The heat exchange between the human body and its environment
occurs mainly in three ways
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Environmental
Parameters/Factors
• Air Temperature
• Mean Radiant Temperature
• Air Velocity
• Humidity
Personal Parameters/Factors
• Clothing Level
• Physical Activity
Skin surface temperature at various locations of the body
in cold, neutral, and hot indoor environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT
PHYSICAL
FACTORS
HUMIDITY
AIR VELOCITY The amount of evaporated water
The speed of air moving in the air
across the worker Air-conditioning can easily
It's best if the air flow rate is attain ideal relative humidity
between 0.1 and 0.2 m/s. values of 40 percent to 70
percent.
PERSONAL FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT
CLOTHING Clo
T-shirts, shorts, Light socks, Sandals 0.30
Shirt, Trousers socks, Shoes 0.70
Jacket, Blouse, Long skirt, stockings 1.00
Trousers, Vest, Jacket Coat, Socks Shoes 1.50
METABOLIC RATE FOR HUMAN ACTIVITY AND OCCUPANCY
• Thermal comfort is maintained by
Projected increase in residential built-up area in urban and rural India. Source: ICAP Sector-wise growth in cooling demand. Source: ICAP
The India Cooling Action Plan sets the following goals to promote sustainable cooling and thermal comfort
for all.
1. 20-25% reduction of cooling demand across various 4. Training and certification of 1,00,000 service
sectors by 2037-2038 technicians by 2022-2023
2. 25-40% reduction in cooling energy requirements 5. Recognizing “cooling and related areas” as a
by 2037-2038. thrust area of research
3. 25-30% reduction in refrigerant demand by
2037-2038.
FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT & COOLING DEMAND
• Major Indian cities have high population and
cooling degree days.
• Cooling demand to combat uncomfortable
conditions is also high.
• When residential buildings are designed in a
non-sustainable manner.
• The reliance on active cooling that uses devices
such as air-conditioners increases to achieve
thermal comfort.
What is a BUILDING?
Purpose of Buildings?
Note:
✔ ECBC/ENS regulates the U-Factor and SHGC for materials and glazing
units.
✔ Solar incident radiation depends on the weather condition and solar
altitude angle.
BUILDING PHYSICS
Heat Transfer in Buildings
External
Factors.(Climatic)
✔ Temperature
✔ Relative Humidity
✔ Solar Radiation
✔ Wind Speed and
Direction
✔ Miscellaneous Factors
Internal Factors.(Loads)
✔ People
✔ Equipment
✔ Lights
HEAT BALANCE AND ADAPTIVE THERMAL COMFORT
Heat Balance Method
The heat balance method presents a physics based mathematical
model that establishes thermal comfort when heat loss from the
body is exactly equal to heat produced within the body.
• Physiological,
• Behavioural
Occupant dissatisfaction levels due to radiant temperature asymmetry in floor. Percentage of Seated People Dissatisfied as Function of Air Temperature Difference
Source: Abushakra Bass, Akers Larry, Baxter Van, Hayte Sheila & Paranjpey Between Head and Ankles
Ramesh (2017). ASHRAE Fundamentals SI edition. Source: Abushakra Bass, Akers Larry, Baxter Van, Hayte Sheila & Paranjpey Ramesh
(2017). ASHRAE Fundamentals SI edition.
SESSION-4
Passive Strategies & Building Materials
1. Affordable housing & passive design strategies
2. Innovative building materials (wall, glazing & roof)
3. Case studies
AFFORDABLE HOUSING & PASSIVE STRATEGIES
Strategies for various modes of heat transfer
Passive design strategies may tackle either one or a combination of these modes of heat transfer.
• Orientation, and massing of the building act as passive design strategies by influencing the quantity and
quality of radiation reaching the envelope surface.
• Similarly, shading devices obstruct the amount of radiation entering the buildings through windows.
• Fixed or movable shading devices can be chosen depending on the trajectory of sun and direction of the
façade.
Top: peak cooling load for various forms and orientations; Bottom:
variations in peak cooling load for each month for all sample cases.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING & PASSIVE STRATEGIES
Shading & WWR
• Reduce heat gain and cooling energy use of the
building.
• Dynamic movable external shading systems, vertical
Cooling loads for BAU, ECBC, ECBC+, and ECBC super buildings having shading elements like fins are more useful in cutting
600mm shading over windows
radiations when the sun is at a lower altitude i.e., in
East and West facades
• Greater WWR escalates the cooling load significantly
in BAU cases. However, compliance with ECBC code
results in reduced cooling load across the four WWR
Walling assemblies and thermal bridging. Thermal conductivities of common building materials.
Information and Image Courtesy: Prof. Cloude Roulet, EMPA, Switzerland, Indo Information and Image Courtesy: Prof. Cloude Roulet, EMPA,
Swiss BEEP project, BEE, India Switzerland, Indo Swiss BEEP project, BEE, India
INNOVATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS (Wall, Glazing & Roof)
Material thickness and location in walling assemblies
U value based on glass & frame configuration; Right- Orientation of assembly with respect to horizontal affects U-value
GUIDANCE ON U- VALUE, SHGC AND VLT FOR FENESTRATIONS
Don’t in Indian climatic Context
● Do not use glass with very low U value and
Design Factors that impact on U-value, moderate SHGC.
● Do not assume dark tinted glass brings solar
SHGC, VLT Etc..
control
1. Climate Analysis ● Do not use un-insulated frames
2. Optimum Orientation of Building
Dos in Indian climatic Context
3. Shadow Analysis ● Products with least SHGC and U value and optimum
4. Daylight Analysis VLT.
● Optimum set of values for U-value, solar heat gain
coefficient, and visible transmittance.
● Add overhead shading, use dark tinted glass at
visible height and clear at higher levels.
Note: Remember that same fenestration product behaves differently w.r.t. the specific design. It should not be
assumed that products with Low U-value and SHGC are best and universal solution.
INNOVATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS (Wall, Glazing & Roof)
Roofing Coating Materials
Clay Tiles Lime Concrete Inverted Earthen Pots Heat Resistant Ceramic Tiles
Cool Roof Paint Bamboo Shading Green Mat Shading China Mosaic Tiles
Screens
Source HANDBOOK ON ACHIEVING THERMAL COMFORT WITHIN BUILT ENVIRONMENT , VOLUME I
CASE STUDY- RAJKOT SMART GHAR III
RAJKOT SMART GHAR III
The climate of Rajkot is composite and the peak daytime
temperatures during the summer reach 41°C-43°C.
Reducing heat gains through walls and roof:
Walling material was changed to 230mm thick AAC blocks.
In doing so, the U-value of walls dropped to 0.8 W/SqmK
Site layout for Rajkot Smart GHAR-III (PMAY) project.
from 2W/SqmK. Source: (Rawal, Shukla, Patel , Desai, & Asrani, 2021)
Case development.
CASE STUDY-SHREE RAM NAGAR COOPERATIVE HOUSING SOCIETY
SHREE RAM NAGAR COOPERATIVE HOUSING SOCIETY, AHMEDABAD (PMAY SITE)