Noureen Akhtar
Noureen Akhtar
Noureen Akhtar
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1. Introduction
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What's the Difference between 1.5°C and 2°C of Global Warming?"
Reuters, November 7, 2021,
https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/whats-difference-between-
15c-2c-global-warming-2021-11-07/
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2. Thesis Statement:
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2
Xing, B., and J. Gao. "Artificial Intelligence for Smart
Manufacturing." In Big Data Analytics for Cyber-Physical System in
Smart City, edited by J. Gao, 159-183. Cham: Springer, 2018.
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3
International Energy Agency. Digitalization and Energy. Paris:
International Energy Agency, 2019.
4
Aksay, S., and S. Farahani. "Water Resources Management Using
Artificial Intelligence." In Artificial Intelligence in Water
Management, edited by S. Farahani, 1-23. Cham: Springer, 2020.
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5
Hertel, T. W. "The Role of Big Data in Agricultural Sustainability."
International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018.
6
IBM. "Watson Decision Platform for Agriculture." IBM, 2020.
https://www.ibm.com/watson/agriculture.
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7
Rogers, E. "Precision Agriculture: How AI is Optimizing Resource
Use." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2019.
8
Park, Y. "AI in Pest Management: Reducing Pesticide Use with
Predictive Analytics." Agricultural Research, 2020.
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9
Finney, Mark A., et al. "A Method for Ensemble Wildland Fire
Simulation." Environmental Modelling & Software 26, no. 12 (2011):
1560-1573.
10
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
"Advances in Satellite Data and AI for Early Fire Detection." NOAA,
2020. https://www.noaa.gov.
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Because the data is real-time, for instance, wind speed and wind
direction, the recommendations from the AI models are
dynamic and possibly up-to-date.
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Park, Y. "AI in Post-Fire Recovery: Enhancing Reforestation
Efforts." Journal of Environmental Management, 2020.
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AI can help with estimating the primary impact and areas that
require the most attention to rehabilitate after the disaster.
Machine learning and pattern recognition models, processing
aerial images and sensor feeds, can prioritize the structures that
require repair and the populations that require assistance. It
also makes the process of recovery specific and therefore
12
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). "Improving
Hurricane Predictions with AI." NCAR News, 2019.
https://www.ncar.ucar.edu/ai-hurricane-predictions.
13
Google. "Google AI and Disaster Management Tool." Google AI
Blog, 2020. https://www.blog.google/technology/ai/ai-disaster-
management.
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14
Smith, John, et al. "AI in Post-Disaster Recovery: Case Studies and
Applications." Journal of Disaster Research, 2019.
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Zhang, Hao, et al. "Real-Time Traffic Prediction with Machine
Learning: A Case Study of a Major City." Journal of Transport
Geography 78 (2019): 1-11.
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Liu, Xiaoyue, et al. "Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System Based
on Real-Time Traffic and Emission Data." Transportation Research
Part C: Emerging Technologies 84 (2017): 135-151.
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17
Chen, Jing, et al. "AI-Based Traffic Incident Detection: Techniques
and Challenges." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation
Systems 19, no. 8 (2018): 2535-2546.
18
World Green Building Council. Climate-Responsive Building
Design: Best Practices and Case Studies. 2020.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Benefits of Green
Infrastructure for Urban Resilience. 2021.
20
International Transport Forum. Integrating Climate Data into
Transportation Planning: A Pathway to Sustainable Urban Mobility.
2021.
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Liu, Yang, et al. "Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting
Flood Events: A Case Study of the 2018 Flood Season." Journal of
Hydrology 564 (2018): 849-860.
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United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. AI-Based Early
Warning Systems: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness. 2020.
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Smith, John, et al. "Integrating Multi-Source Data for Improved
Disaster Warnings Using AI." Natural Hazards Review 20, no. 3
(2019): 1-12.
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World Bank. Localized Risk Assessments and Climate Adaptation
Strategies. 2019.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Infrastructure
Resilience and Climate Adaptation: The Role of AI. 2021.
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Brown, Sarah, et al. "AI-Driven Personalized Support Services for
Vulnerable Communities." Social Science & Medicine 249 (2020):
112858.
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Rolnick, David, Priya L. Donti, Lynn H. Kaack, Kelly Kochanski,
Alexandre Lacoste, Kris Sankaran, Andrew Slavin Ross, Nikola
Milojevic-Dupont, Natasha Jaques, Anna Waldman-Brown,
Alexandra Luccioni, Tegan Maharaj, Evan Sherwin, S. Sandeep
Chinchali, Regina Barzilay, and Yoshua Bengio. "Tackling Climate
Change with Machine Learning." arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.05433
(2019).
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International Telecommunication Union. Measuring Digital
Development: Facts and Figures. 2021.
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Behrens, Paul, Andy L. Jones, Claire P. Giupponi, L. Jason West,
and Peter K. S. Chan. "Challenges in Climate Data and Information:
Perspectives from Multiple Disciplines." Climatic Change 163
(2020): 25-45.
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Goodchild, Michael F., and Linna Li. "Data Quality and AI:
Integrating Data from Multiple Sources." International Journal of
Geographical Information Science 35, no. 6 (2021): 1118-1135.
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Noble, Safiya Umoja. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search
Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: NYU Press, 2018.
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European Commission. Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. 2020.
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Floridi, Luciano, Josh Cowls, Monica Beltrametti, Raja Chatila,
Peter A. Dignum, Virginia Dignum, Catriona Grothier, et al.
"AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society:
Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations." Minds and
Machines 28, no. 4 (2018): 689-707.
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World Economic Forum. Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for the
Earth. 2021.
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6. Conclusion:
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Action Matrix
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programs
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es s, NGOs ongoing
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