7.

Statistics
Exercise 7.1

1. Question

Calculate the mean for the following distribution:

Answer
Mean =

= = 7.025

2. Question

Find the mean of the following data:

Answer
Mean =

= = 25

3. Question

If the mean of the following data is 20.6. Find the value of p.

Answer

Given,

Mean = 20.6

= 20.6

= 20.6
530 + 25p = 20.6 (50)

25p = 20.6 (50) – 530

p= = 20

4. Question

If the mean of the following data is 15, find p.

Answer
Given,

Mean = 15

= 15

= 15

10p + 445 = 15 (p + 27)

10p + 445 = 15p + 405

15p – 10p = 445 – 405

5p = 40

p= =8

5. Question

Find the value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 16.6

Answer
Given,

Mean = 16.6

= 16.6

= 16.6

24p + 1228 = 1660

24p = 1660 – 1228

24p = 432

p= = 18

6. Question

Find the missing value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 12.58

Answer
Given,

Mean = 12.58

= 12.58

= 12.58

524 + 7p = 12.58 (50)

7p = 629 – 524
p= = 15

7. Question

Find the missing frequency (p) for the following distribution whose mean is 7.68.

Answer
Given,

Mean = 7.68

= 7.68

= 7.68

9p + 303 = 7.68 (p + 41)

9p – 7.68p = 314.88 – 303

1.32p = 11.88

p= =9
8. Question

Find the value of p, if the mean of the following distribution is 20.

Answer

Given,

Mean = 20

= 20
 = 20

295 + 100p + 5p2 = 100p + 300

295 + 5p2 = 300

5p2 = 300 – 295

5p2 – 5 = 0

5 (p2 – 1) = 0

p2 – 1 = 0

(p + 1) (p – 1) = 0

p=�1

If p + 1 = 0, p = - 1 (Reject)

Or p – 1 = 0, p = 1

9. Question

The following table gives the number of boys of a particular age in a class of 40 students. Calculate the mean
age of the students.

Answer
Mean =

= = 17.45

Therefore, mean age is 17.45 years.

10. Question

Candidates of four schools appear in a mathematics test. The data were as follows:
If the average score of the candidates of all the four schools is 66, find the number of candidates that appeared
from school III.

Answer

Let the number of candidates from school III be P.

Given,

Average score of all schools = 66

= 66

= 66

= 66

10340 + 55P = 66P + 9768

10340 – 9768 = 66P – 55P

P= = 52

11. Question

Five coins were simultaneously tossed 1000 times and at each toss the numbers of heads were observed. The
number of tosses during which 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 heads were obtained are shown in the table below. Find the
mean number of heads per toss.
Answer
Mean number of heads per toss =

= = 2.47

Therefore, mean = 2.47

12. Question

Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution if it is known that the mean of the
distribution 50.
Answer

Given, mean = 50

= 50

= 50

30f1 + 70f2 + 3480 = 50 * 120

30f1 + 70f2 + 3480 = 6000 (i)

Also, ∑y = 120

17 + f1 + 32 + f2 + 19 = 120

f1 + f2 = 52

f1 = 52 – f2

Substituting value of f1 in (i), we get

30 (52 – f2) + 70f2 + 3480 = 6000

40f2 = 960

f2 = 24

Hence, f1 = 52 – 24 = 28

Therefore, f1 = 28 and f2 = 24

13. Question

The arithmetic mean of the following data is 14. Find the value of k.

Answer
Given,

Mean = 14

= 14

= 14

360 + 10k = 336 + 14k

24 = 4k

k=6

Hence, the value of k is 6

14. Question

The arithmetic mean of the following data is 25, find the value of k.
[CBSE 2001]

Answer

Given,

Mean = 25

= 25
 = 25

15k + 390 = 25 (14 + k)

15k + 390 = 350 + 25k

40 = 10k

k=4

15. Question

If the mean of the following data is 18.75. Find the value of p.

Answer
Given,

Mean = 18.75

= 18.75

= 18.75

7p + 460 = 18.75 (32)

7p + 460 = 600

7p = 140

p = 20

Hence, the value of p is 20

Exercise 7.2

1. Question
The number of telephone calls received at an exchange per interval for 250 successive one-minute intervals are
given in the following frequency table.

Compute the mean number of calls per interval.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 3

Mean number of calls = A +

=3+ =

= 3.54

2. Question

Five coins were simultaneously tossed 1000 times, and at each toss the number of heads was observed. The
number of tosses during which 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 heads were obtained are shown in the table below. Find the
mean number of heads per toss
Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 2

Mean number of heads per toss = A +

=2+ = 2 + 0.47

= 2.47

3. Question

The following table gives the number of branches and number of plants in the garden of a school.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 4

Average number of branches per plant = A +

=4+ =

= 3.62 (approx.)

4. Question

The following table gives the number of children of 150 families in a village

Find the average number of children per family.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 2

Average number of children per family = A +

=2+ =

= 2.35 (approx)

5. Question

The marks obtained out of 50, by 102 students in a Physics test are given in the frequency table below:
Find the average number of marks.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 25

Average number of marks = A +
= 25 + =

= = 26.08 (approx)

6. Question

The number of students absent in a class were recorded every day for 120 days and the information is given in
the following frequency table:

Find the mean number of students absent per day.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 3

Mean number of students absent per day = A +

=3+ =

= 3.53 (approx)
7. Question

In the first proof reading of a book containing 300 pages the following distribution of misprints was obtained:

Find the average number of misprints per page.

Answer

To find : the average number of misprints per page.

Solution : Use the shortcut method to find the mean of given data.For that,Let the assumed mean be (A) =
2,The deviation of values xi from assumed mean be di = xi – A.

Now to find the mean:First multiply the frequencies in column (ii) with the value of deviations in column (iii)
as fidi.

Construct the table using above information.The table is as follows:

Now add the sum of all entries in column (iii) to obtain

and the sum of all frequencies in the column (ii) to obtain

So,Average number of misprints per day = A +

where, N = total number of observations

⇒ Mean = 2 +

Mean =

Mean =

Mean = 0.73

8. Question

The following distribution gives the number of accidents met by 160 workers in a factory during a month.

Find the average number of accidents per worker.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 2

Average number of accidents per day workers = A +

=2+ =

= 0.83

9. Question

Find the mean from the following frequency distribution of marks at a test in statistics:
Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 25

Mean = A +

= 25 + =

= 22.075

Exercise 7.3

1. Question

The following table gives the distribution of total household expenditure (in rupees) of manual workers in a city.

Find the average expenditure (in rupees) per household.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 275

We have, A = 275

h = 50

Mean = A + h *
= 275 + 50 *

= 275 – 8.75

= 266.25

2. Question

A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness programme, in which
they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean
number of plants per house.

Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?

Answer

Let us find class marks (xi) for each interval by using the relation.

Class mark (xi) =

Now we may compute xi and fixi as follows:

Fro, the table we may observe that,

∑fi = 20

∑fixi = 162

Mean, X̅ =

= = 8.1

So mean number of plants per house is 8.1

We have used for the direct method values xi and fi are very small.

3. Question

Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.

Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 150

We have, A = 150

h = 20

Mean = A + h *

= 150 + 20 *

= 150 - = 150 – 4.8

= 145.2

4. Question

Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per minute recorded and
summarized as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women, choosing a suitable method.

Answer

We may find class mark of each interval (xi) by using the relation.

xi =

Class size of this data = 3

Now taking 75.5 as assumed mean (A), we may calculate di, ui, fiui as following:
Now we may observe from table that ∑fi = 30, ∑fiui = 4

Mean (X̅) = di + *h

= 75.5 + *3
= 75.5 + 0.4 = 75.9

So mean of heart beat per minute of women are 75.9 beats per minute.

5. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let A assumed mean be 15.

A = 15, h = 6
Mean = A + h *

= 15 + 6 *

= 15 + 0.45

= 15.45

6. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) be 100.

A = 100, h = 20

Mean = A + h *

= 100 + 20 *

= 100 + 12.2

= 112.2

7. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 20

We have, A = 20

h=8

Mean = A + h *

= 20 + 8 *

= 20 + 1.4 = 21.4
8. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 15

We have, A = 15

h=6

Mean = A + h *
= 15 + 6 *

= 15 + 0.75 = 15.75

9. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 25

We have, A = 25
h = 10

Mean = A + h *

= 25 + 10 *

= 25 +

= 25 + = 26.333

10. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 20

We have, A = 20

h=8

Mean = A + h *

= 20 + 8 *
= 20 + 1 = 21

11. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed (A) = 20

We have, A = 20

h=8
Mean = A + h *

= 20 + 8 *

= 20 - = 20 – 3.6

= 16.4

12. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 60

We have, A = 60

h = 20

Mean = A + h *

= 60 + 20 *

= 60 + 5.6

= 65.6

13. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 50

We have, A = 50

h = 10

Mean = A + h *

= 50 + 10 *

= 50 – 0.5
= 49.5

14. Question

Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions:

Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 42

We have, A = 42

h=5

Mean = A + h *

= 42 + 5 *

= 42 -
=

= 36.357

15. Question

For the following distribution, calculate mean using all suitable methods:

Answer

By direct method

Mean =
= = 13.25

By assumed mean method

Let, the assumed mean (A) = 6.5

Mean = A +

= 6.5 +

= 6.5 + 6.75

= 13.25

16. Question

The weekly observations on cost of living index in a certain city for the year 2004-2005 are given below.
Compute the weekly cost of living index.
Answer

Let the assumed mean (A) = 1650

We have, A = 1650

h = 100

Mean = A + h *
= 1650 + 100 *

= 1650 +

= =

= 1663.46

17. Question

The following table shows the marks scored by 140 students in an examination of a certain paper:

Calculate the average marks by using all the three methods: direct method, assumed mean deviation and
shortcut method.

Answer

From Direct method:

Mean =

= = 25.857

Assumed mean method: let assumed mean (A) = 25

Mean = A +
Mean = A +

= 25 + = 25 + 0.857

= 25.857

Step deviation method: Let the assumed mean (A) = 25

Mean = A + *h

= 25 + * 10

= 25 + 0.857 = 25.857

18. Question

The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all the frequencies is 50. Compute the
missing frequency is 50. Compute the missing frequency.
Answer

Given, Sum of frequency = 50

5+ f1 + 10 + f2 + 7 + 8 = 50
f1 + f2 = 50 – 5 – 10 – 7 – 8

f1 + f2 = 20

3f1 + 3f2 = 60 (i) [Multiply by 3]

And mean = 62.8

= 62.8

= 62.8

30f1 + 70f2 = 3140 – 2060

30f1 + 70f2 = 1080

3f1 + 7f2 = 108 (ii) [Divide by 10]

Subtract (i) from (ii), we get

3f1 + 7f2 – 3f1 – 3f2 = 108 – 60

4f2 = 48

f2 = 12

Put value of f2 in (i), we get

3f1 + 3 * 12 = 60

3f1 + 36 = 60

3f1 = 24

f1 = 8

So, f1 = 8 and f2 = 12

19. Question

The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance given to the children of a multistory building. The
average pocket allowance is Rs. 18.00. Find out the missing frequency.

Answer

Given, Mean = 18

Let missing frequency be V

Mean =

18 =

792 + 18V = 752 + 20V

792 – 752 = 20V – 18V

40 = 2V

V = 20
20. Question

If the mean of the following distribution is 27, find the value of p.

Answer

Given, mean =

27 =
1161 + 27p = 1245 + 15p

27p – 15p = 1245 – 1161

12p = 84

p=7

21. Question

In a retail market, fruit vendor were-selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes contained varying
number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.

Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box. Which method of finding the mean did you choose?

Answer
We may observe that the class intervals are not continuous. There is a gap between two class intervals so we
have to add from lower class limit of each interval.

Class size (h) of this data = 3

Now taking 57 as assumed mean, we can calculate as follows:

Mean = A + *h

= 57 + *3

= 57 +

= 57 + 0.1875 = 57.1875

= 57.19

Number of mangoes kept in packing box is 57.19

22. Question
The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a locality.

Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.

Answer

We may calculate class marks (xi) for each interval by using the relation

xi =

Class size = 50

Now taking 225 as assumed mean we can calculate as follows:

Mean (x̅) = A + *h

= 225 + * 50

= 225 – 14 = 211

So mean expenditure on food is 211

23. Question

To find out the concentration of SO2 in the air (in parts per million, i.e., ppm), the data was collected for 30
localities in a certain city and is presented below:
Find the mean concentration of SO2 in the air.

Answer

We may calculate class marks (xi) for each interval by using the relation

xi =

Class size = 0.04

Now taking 0.14 as assumed mean (A), we can calculate as follows:

Mean (x̅) = A + *h

= 0.14 + * (0.04)

= 0.14 – 0.04133

= 0.099ppm

SO, mean concentration of SO2 in the air is 0.099ppm

24. Question

A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole term. Find the mean
number of days a student was absent.
Answer

We may calculate class marks (xi) for each interval by using the relation

xi =

Now taking assumed mean (A) = 16

Mean (x̅) = A +

= 16 +

= 16 – 3.62 = 12.38

So, mean number of days is 12.38 days for which students were absent.

25. Question

The following table gives the literacy rate (in percentage) of 35 cities. Find the mean literacy rate.
Answer

We may calculate class marks (xi) for each interval by using the relation

xi =

Class size (h) for this data = 10

Now taking 70 as assumed mean (A) we can calculate as follows:

Mean (x̅) = A + *h

= 70 + * 10

= 70 – 0.57

= 69.43

So, mean literacy rate is 69.437

Exercise 7.4

1. Question

Following are the lives in hours of 15 pieces of the components of aircraft engine. Find the median:

715, 724, 725, 710, 729, 745, 694, 699, 696, 712, 734, 728, 716, 705, 719

Answer

Lives in hours of 15 pieces are = 715, 724, 725, 710, 729, 745, 694, 699, 696, 712, 734, 728, 716, 705, 719

Arrange the above in ascending order:

694, 696, 699, 705, 710, 712, 716, 719, 724, 725, 728, 729, 734, 745

N = 15 (Odd)

Median = Term

= Term

= 16th Term = 716

2. Question

The following is the distribution of height of students of a certain class in a certain city.

Find the median height.

Answer
We have, N = 420

= = 210

The cumulative frequency just greater than is 275 then 165.5-168.5 is the median class such that,

l = 165.5, f = 142, F = 133 and h = 168.5-165.5 = 3

Median = l + *h

= 165.5 + *3

= 165.5 + *3

= 165.5 + 1.63
= 167.13

3. Question

Following is the distribution of I.Q of 100 students. Find the median I.Q.

Answer
We have, N = 100

= = 50

The cumulative frequency just greater than is 67 then the median class 94.5-104.5 such that,

l = 94.5, f = 33, F = 34, h = 104.5 – 94.5 = 10

Median = l + *h

= 94.5 + * 10

= 94.5 + * 10

= 94.5 + 4.85 = 99.35

4. Question

Calculate the median from the following data:

Answer
We have, N = 140

= = 70

The cumulative frequency is just greater than 98 then median class is 55-65 such that

l = 55, f = 40, F = 58, h = 65 – 55 = 10

Median = l + *h

= 55 + * 10

= 55 + * 10

= 55 + 3 = 58

Therefore, Median = 58

5. Question

Calculate the median from the following data:

Answer
We have, N = 250

= = 125

The cumulative frequency is just greater than is 127 then median class is 50-60 such that:
l = 50, f = 31, F = 96, h = 60-50 = 10

Median = l +

= 50 + * 10

= 50 +

= = 59.35

6. Question

An incomplete distribution is given as follows:

You are given that the median value is 35 and the sum of all the frequencies is 170. Using the median formula
fill up the missing frequency.

Answer
Given, Median = 35

The median class = 30-40

l = 30, h = 10, f = 40 and F = 30 + f1

Median = l +

35 = 30 + * 10
5=

f1 = 55 – 20 = 35

Given, Sum of frequencies = 170

= 10 + 20 + f1 + 40 + f2 + 25 + 15 = 170

= 10 + 20 + 35 + 40 + f2 + 25 + 15 = 170

= f2 = 170 – 145 = 25

Therefore, f1 = 35 and f2 = 25

7. Question

Calculate the missing frequency form the following distribution, it being given that the median of the
distribution is 24.

Answer
Given, Median = 24

Then median class = 20-30

l = 20, h = 10, f = x and F = 30

Median = l +

24 = 20 + * 10

4x = 275 + 5x – 300

4x – 5x = -25

-x = -25

x = 25

Therefore, missing frequency = 25

8. Question
Find the missing frequencies and the median for the following distribution if the mean is 1.46.

Answer

Given, N = 200
= 46 + x + y + 25 + 10 + 5 = 200

= x + y = 200 – 46 – 25 – 10 – 5

= x + y = 114 (i)

And Mean = 1.46

= 1.46

= = 1.46

= x + 2y + 140 = 292

= x + 2y = 292 – 140

= x + 2y = 152 (ii)

Subtract (i) from (ii), we get

X + 2y – x – y = 152 – 114

y = 38

Put the value of y in (i), we get

x = 114 – 38 = 76
We have, N = 200

= = 100

The cumulative frequency just more than is 122 so the median is 1

9. Question

An incomplete distribution is given below:

You are given that the median value is 46 and the total number of items is 230.

(i) Using the median formula fill up missing frequencies.

(ii) Calculate the AM of the completed distribution.

Answer
(i)

Given, Median = 46

Then, median class = 40-50

Therefore, l = 40, h = 10, f = 65, F = 42 + x

Median = l +

46 = 40 + * 10
 = 73 – x

39 = 73 – x

x = 73 – 39

x = 34

Given, N = 230

= 12 + 30 + 34 + 65 + y + 25 + 18 = 230

= 184 + y = 230

= y = 230 – 184 = 46

(ii)
Mean =

= = 45.87

10. Question

The following table gives the frequency distribution of married women by age at marriage
Calculate the median and interpret the results.

Answer
N = 357

= = 178.5

The cumulative frequency just greater than is 193 then the median class is 19.5-24.5 such that:

l = 19.5, f = 140, F = 53, h = 5

Median = l + *h

= 19.5 + * 5 = 23.98

Nearly half the women were married between the age 15 and 25

11. Question
If the median of the following frequency distribution is 28.5 find the missing frequencies:

Answer

Given: The frequency table.

To find: The missing frequencies f1 and f2 .

Solution: Construct a table to calculate cumulative frequencies,The table is shown below:

Given, Median = 28.5

As it lies in the interval 20-30,

So, median class is 20-30

Now,

l, lower class = 20, frequency of median class, f = 20, Cumulative frequency of class preceding the median
class, F = 5 + f1, height of class, h = 10N is 60,

we know,
28.5 = 20 + * 10

28.5 – 20 = * 10

8.5 = 17 = 25 - f1

f1 = 25 – 17

f1 = 8

Given, sum of frequencies = 60

i.e. 5 + f1 + 20 + 15 + f2 + 5 = 60Put the value of f1

therefore, 5 + 8 + 20 + 15 + f2 + 5 = 60

hence, f2 = 7

Therefore, f1 = 8 and f2 = 7

12. Question

The median of the following data is 525. Find he missing frequency, if it is given that there are 100 observations
in the data:
\

Answer
Given, Median = 525

Then median class = 500-600

l = 500, f = 20, F = 36 + f1, h = 100

Median = l +

525 = 500 + * 100

525 – 500 = * 100

25 = (14 – f1) 5

5f1 = 45

f1 = 9

Given, sum of frequencies = 100

= 2 + 5 + f1 + 12 + 17 + 20 + f2 + 9 + 7 + 4 = 100

= 2 + 5 + 9 + 12 + 17 + 20 + f2 + 9 + 7 + 4 = 100

=85 + f2 = 100

f2 = 15

Therefore, f1 = 9 and f2 = 15

13. Question

If the median of the following data is 32.5, find the missing frequencies.

Answer
Given, Median = 32.5

Then median class = 30-40

l = 30, h = 10, f = 12, F = 14 + f1

Median = l +

32.5 = 30 + * 10
2.5 = *5

15 = (6 – f1) 5

3 = 6 – f1

f1 = 3

Given, sum of frequencies = 40

= 3 + 5 + 9 + 12 + f2 + 3 + 2 = 40

= 34 + f2 = 40

= f2 = 6

Therefore, f1 = 3 and f2 = 6

14. Question

Compute the median for each of the following data

Answer

(i)
We have, N = 100

= = 50

The cumulative frequency just greater than is 65 then median Class 70-90, such that:

l = 70, f = 22, F = 43, h = 20

Median = l + ×h

= 70 + × 20

= 70 +

= 70 + 6.36 = 76.36

(ii)
We have, N = 150

= =7

The cumulative frequency is just more than is 90 then, the Median Class is 110-120 such that:

l = 110, f = 45, F = 45, h = 10

Median = l + ×h

= 110 + × 10

= 110 +

= 110 + 6.67

= 116.67

15. Question

A survey regarding the height (in cm) of 51 girls of class X of a school was conducted and the following data
was obtained:
Find the median height.

Answer

To calculate the median height we need to find the class interval and their corresponding frequencies.

The given distribution being of the less than type 140, 145, 150,….165 give the upper limit of the corresponding
class intervals. So, the classes should be below 140, 140-145, 145-150,….160-165. Observe that from the
given distribution, we find that there are 4 girls with height less than 145 and 4 girls with height less than 140.
Therefore, the number of girls with height in the interval 140-145 is 11 – 4 = 7

Similarly, the frequency of 145-150 is 29 – 11 = 19, for 150-155 it is 40 – 29 = 11 and so on so our frequency
distribution table with the given cumulative frequency becomes:
Now N = 51

So, = = 25.5

This observation lies in the class 145 – 150

Then, l (lower limit) = 145

f = 11 and h = 5

Median = 145 + *5

= 145 + 4.03

= 149.03

So, the median height of the girls is 149.03 cm. This means that the height of the about 50% of the girls is less
than this height and 50% are taller than this height.

16. Question

A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate the
median age, if policies are only given to persons having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 years.
Answer

: Here class width is not same. There is no need to adjust the frequencies according to class intervals. Now
given frequency table is of less than type represented with upper class limits. As policies were given only to
persons having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 years we can define class intervals with their respective
cumulative frequencies as below:
Now from the table we may observe that N = 100

Cumulative frequency just greater than (N = 50) is 78belonging to interval 35-40.

So, Median Class = 35 – 40

Lower limit (l) = 35

Class size (h) = 5

Frequency (f) = 33 and F = 45

Median = l + *h

= 35 + ( )*5

= 35 + *5

= 35 + 0.76

= 35.76

So, Median age is 35.76 years.

17. Question

The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimeter, and the data obtained is
represented in the following table:

Find the median life.

Answer

: The given data is not having continuous class intervals. So, we have to add and subtract 0.5 to upper class
limit and lower class limit.
Median class = 144.5-153.5

l = 144.5, h = 9, f = 12 and F = 17

Median = l + *h

= 144.5 + ( *9

= 144.5 +

= 146.75

So, median length is 146.75 mm.

18. Question
The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps:

Find the median life.

Answer

We can find cumulative frequencies with their respective class intervals as below:
Median class = 3000-3500

l = 3000, f = 86, F = 130, h = 500

Median = l + *h

= 3000 +

= 3406.98 hours

So, median life time is 3406.98 hours.

19. Question

The distribution below gives the weight of 30 students in a class. Find the median weight of students:

Answer

We may find cumulative frequencies with their respective class intervals as below:

Median class = 55-60

l = 55, f = 6, F = 13 and h = 5

Median = l + *h

= 55 + ( )*5

= 55 +

= 56.666

So, median weight is 56.67 kg.

Exercise 7.5

1. Question

Find the mode of the following data:

(i) 3, 5, 7, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 5, 3, 5, 3, 6, 9, 7, 4
(ii) 3, 3, 7, 4, 5, 3, 5,6, 8, 9, 5, 3, 5, 3, 6, 9, 7, 4

(iii) 15, 8, 26, 25, 24, 15, 18, 20, 24, 15, 19, 15

Answer

Mode is the value which occurs maximum number of times in a data.(i)

Mode = 5 (Since, its frequency is 5 which is maximum)

(ii)

Mode = 3 (Since, its frequency is 5 which is maximum)

(iii)

Mode = 15 (Since, its frequency is 4 which is maximum)

2. Question

The shirt sizes worn by a group of 200 persons, who bought the shirt from a store, are as follows:

Find the model shirt size worn by the group.

Answer
Model shirt size= 40 (Since, it occurs maximum number of times)

3. Question

Find the mode of the following distribution.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Answer
Mode = l + Where l = lower limit of the modal classh=width of the modal classf1 = frequency of
the class preceding the modal classf2 = frequency of the class following the modal class

(i)

Here, the maximum frequency is 28 then the corresponding class 40-50 is the model class

l= 40, h= 50-40= 10, f= 28, f1=12, f2 =20

Mode = l +

Mode = 40 +

Mode =40 + 6.67

Mode =46.67

(ii)

Here, the maximum frequency is 75, then the corresponding interval 20- 25 is modal class

l= 20, h=5, f=75, f1=45, f2 =35

Mode = l +

Mode = 20 +

Mode =20 + 2.14

Mode =22.14

(iii)

Here, the maximum frequency is 50, then the corresponding interval 35-40 is modal class
l= 35, h=5, f=50, f1=34, f2 =42

Mode = l +

Mode = 35 +

Mode =35 + 3.33

Mode =38.33

4. Question

Compare the modal ages of two groups of students appearing for an entrance test:

Answer

For Group A:

Here, the maximum frequency is 78, the corresponding class interval 18 -20 is modal class

l=18, h=2, f=78, f1=50, f2 =46

Mode = l +

= 18 +

=18+

=18 + 0.93 =18.93 years

For Group B:

Here, the maximum frequency is 89, the corresponding class interval 18 -20 is modal class

l=18, h=2, f=89, f1=54, f2 =40

Mode = l +

= 18 +

=18+ =18 + 0.83 =18.33

Hence, the modal age of group A is higher than that of group B.

5. Question

The marks in science of 80 students of class X are given below: Find the mode of the marks obtained by the

students in science.

Answer

To find: The mode of the marks obtained in science

Solution: Mode = l +

Where l = lower limit of the modal class

h = width of the modal class

f1 = frequency of the class preceding modal class

f2 = frequency of the class following modal class

Here, the maximum frequency is 20, the corresponding class interval 50-60 is modal class

l=50, h=10, f=20, f1=13, f2 =5

Mode = l +

Mode = 50 +

Mode =50+ =50 + 3.18

Mode =53.18

6. Question

The following is the distribution of height of students of certain class in a certain city:
Find the average height of maximum number of students.

Answer

Here, the maximum frequency is 142, the corresponding class interval 165.5-168.5 is modal class

l=165.5, h=3, f=142, f1=118, f2 =127

Mode = l +

= 165.5 +

=18+ =165.5 +1.85

=167.35 cm

7. Question

The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year:
Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two measures of central
tendency.

Answer

We may compute class marks (xi) as per the relation

Xi=

Now, let assumed mean (A) = 30

∑fi=80, ∑fidi=430

Mean=

= 30 + = 30+ 5.375

=35.38

It represents that on an average the age of patients admitted was 35.38 years. As we can observe that the
maximum class frequency 23 belonging to class interval 35-45.

So, modal class= 35-45

Lower limit (l) of modal class =35

Frequency (f1) of the modal class=23

h=10,

Frequency (f0)of class preceding the modal class=21

Frequency (f2) of class succeeding the modal class =14

Now,

=35 + 1.81 =36.8years

8. Question

The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical components:

Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.

Answer

From the data as given above we may observe that maximum class frequency 61 belonging to the class interval
60 -80

So, modal class = 60-80

l=60, f1=61, f0=52, f2=38, h=20

=60 +

=65.625hours

9. Question

The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure of 200 families of a village.
Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families. Also, find the men monthly expenditure:
Answer

We may observe that the given data be maximum class frequency is 40 belonging to 1500- 2000 intervals

So, modal class = 1500- 2000

l=1500, f=40, f0=24, f2=33, h=50

=
=1500 + 347.826

=1847.826

So, modal class monthly expenditure was Rs. 1847.83

We may compute class marks (xi) as per the relation:

Xi=

h= 500, A=2750
∑xi=200,

(x̅) mean =

(x̅) =
=2750-87.5

=2662.5

So, mean monthly expenditure was Rs. 2662.50

10. Question

The following distribution gives the state-wise teacher-student ratio in higher secondary schools of India. Find
the mode and mean of this data. Interpret, the two measures:

Answer

To find: The mean and mode of the given table.

Solution:
Mode is calculated as:

Where

l=lower limit of modal class

h=width of the modal class

f=frequency of the modal class

f1=frequency of the class preceding the modal class

f2= frequency of the class following the modal class

Since, the maximum class frequency is 10

Hence, modal class interval= 30-35

h= 5, l=30, f= 10,f1=9 and f2=3

⇒ Mode = 30 + 0.625⇒ Mode = 30.625

Now to find mean,

Use the formula,

Where

A = assumed mean

di=xi-A

h=length of class intervals

ui= (xi-A)/h

N=sum of all frequencies

Here A = 32.5h = 5N = 35So,

⇒ Mean = 32.5-3.28⇒ Mean = 29.21

11. Question

The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of the world in one-day
international cricket matches.
Find the mode of the data.

Answer

From the given data we may observe that maximum class frequency is 18 belonging to the class interval 4000-
5000

So, modal class= 4000-5000

Lower limit, l= 4000

f0=4, f2=9, f=18,h = 1000

=

=4000 + =4608.7 runs

12. Question

A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods each of 3 minutes and
summarized it in the table given below. Find the mode of the data:

Answer

From the given data we may observe that maximum class frequency is 20 belonging to the class interval 40-50

So, modal class= 40-50

Lower limit, l= 40

f0=12, f2=11, f=20,h = 10

=40 +

=40 + 4.7 =44.7

13. Question

The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of electricity of the consumers of a locality.
Find the median, mean and mode of the data and compare them.
Answer
Mean= =

We have, N= 68,

N/2 = 34

Hence, medium class =125- 145, such that

l=125, f’=20, f=22, h=20

Median = l +
Here, we may observe that maximum class frequency is 20 belonging to the class interval 125-145

So, modal class= 125-145

Lower limit, l= 125

f0=13, f2=14, f=20,h = 20

14. Question

100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directly and the frequency distribution of the
number of letters in the English alphabets in the surnames was obtained as follows:

Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the mean number of letters in the surnames.
Also, find the modal size of the surnames.

Answer
Mean= =

We have, N= 100,

N/2 = 50

Hence, median class =7-10, such that

l=7, f’=40, f=36, h=3

Median = l +

Here, we may observe that maximum class frequency is 40 belonging to the class interval 7-10

So, modal class= 7-10

Lower limit, l= 7
f0=30, f2=16, f=40,h = 3

15. Question

Find the mean, median and mode of the following data:

Answer
Mean= =

We have, N= 50,

N/2 = 25

Hence, median class =60-80, such that

l=60, f’=12, f=24, h=20

Median = l +
Here, we may observe that maximum class frequency is 12 belonging to the class interval 60-80

So, modal class= 60-80

Lower limit, l= 60

f0=10, f2=6, f=12,h = 20

16. Question

Find the mean, median and mode of the following data:

Answer
Mean= =

We have, N= 25,

N/2 = 12.5

Hence, median class =150-200, such that

l=150, f’=6, f=10, h=50

Median = l +
Here, we may observe that maximum class frequency is 6 belonging to the class interval 150-200

So, modal class= 150-200

Lower limit, l= 150

f0=5, f2=5, f=6, h = 50

17. Question

The following table gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory:

Answer
Mean= =

We have, N= 50,

N/2 = 25

Hence, medium class =120-140, such that

l=120, f’=14, f=12, h=20

Median = l +

Here, we may observe that maximum class frequency is 14 belonging to the class interval 120-140

So, modal class= 120-140

Lower limit, l= 120

f0=12, f2=8, f=14,h = 20

=

Exercise 7.6

1. Question

Draw an ogive by less than method for the following data:

Answer

We first prepare the cumulative frequency distribution by less than method as given below:
Now we mark the upper class limits along x-axis and cumulative frequency along y-axis. Thus, we plot the
points (1,4); (2,13); (3,35); (4,63); (5,87); (6,99); (7,107); (8,113); (9,118); (10,120)
2. Question

The marks scored by 750 students in an examination are given in the form of a frequency distribution table:
Prepare a cumulative frequency table by less than method and draw an ogive.

Answer

We first prepare the cumulative frequency distribution by less than method as given below:
Now we mark the upper class limits along x-axis and cumulative frequency along y-axis. Thus, we plot the
points: (640,16); (680,61); (720,217); (760,501); (800,673); (840,732); (880,750)
3. Question

Draw an ogive to represent the following frequency distribution:

Answer

The given frequency of distribution is not continuous. So, we first make it continuous and prepare cumulative
frequency distribution as under:
Now we mark the upper class limits along x-axis and cumulative frequency along y-axis. Thus, we plot the
points: (4,5,2); (9,5,8); (14,5,18); (19,5,23); (24,5,26)

4. Question

The monthly profits (in Rs.) of 100 shops are distributed as follows:
Draw the frequency polygon for it.

Answer

We have,
5. Question

The following table gives the height of trees:

Draw ‘less than’ ogive and ‘more than’ ogive.

Answer

Less than method, it is given that:

Now we mark the upper class limits along x-axis and cumulative frequency along y-axis. Thus, we plot the
points: (7,26); (14,57); (21,92); (28,134); (35,216); (42,287); (49,341); (56,360)

More than method: We will prepare the cumulative frequency table by more than method as given below:
Now we mark,

On x-axis lower class limit and on y-axis Cumulative frequency

Thus, we plot graph as (0,360); (7,334); (14,303); (21,263); (28,226); (35,144); (42,73); (49,19)
6. Question

The annual profits earned by 30 shops of a shopping complex in a locality give rise to the following distribution:
Draw both ogives for the above data and hence obtain the median.

Answer

More than method:

Now we mark,

On x-axis lower class limit and on y-axis Cumulative frequency

Thus, we plot graph as: (5,30); (10,28); (15,16); (20,14); (25,10); (30,7); (35,3)

Less than method:

Now we mark the upper class limit on x-axis and the cumulative frequency on y-axis. Thus, we plot the points:
(10,2); (15,14); (20,16); (25,20); (30,23); (35,27); (40,30)

7. Question

The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory:

Convert the above distribution to a less than type cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.

Answer

We first prepare cumulative frequency table by less than method as given below:

Now we mark on x-axis upper class limit and on y-axis cumulative frequency. Thus, we plot the points: (120,
12); (140,26); (160,34); (180,40); (200,50)
8. Question

The following table gives production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of a village:

Draw ‘less than’ ogive and ‘more than’ ogive.

Answer
Less than method:
Now on x-axis upper class limits and on y-axis cumulative frequency, we plot the points: (55,2); (60,10) ;
(65,22); (70,46); (75,84); (80,100)

More than method:

Now, Mark on x-axis lower class limit and on y-axis cumulative frequency. We plot the points: (50,100);
(55,98); (60,90); (65,78); (70,54); (75,16)
9. Question

During the medical check-up of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded as follows:

Draw a less than type ogive for the given data. Hence, obtain the median weight from the graph and verify the
result by using the formula.

Answer

Less than method:

It is given that on x-axis upper class limit and on y-axis cumulative frequency. We plot the points: (38,0);
(40,3); (42,5); (49,9); (46,14); (48,28); (50,32); (52,35)
More than method:

X -axis lower class limit and y-axis cumulative frequency, we plot the points: (38,35); (40,32); (42,30);
(44,26); (46,21); (48,7); (50,3)
We find the two types of cumulative frequency curves intersect at point P.

The value of M is 46.5 kg

Verification,

We have
Now, N = 35

Therefore, = = 17.5

The cumulative frequency is just greater than is 28 and the corresponding classes 46-48

Thus, 46-48 is the median class such that,

l = 46, f = 14, C1 = 14 and h = 2

Median = l + *h

= 46 + *2

= 46 + = 46 + 0.5

= 46.5 kg

Hence, verified.

CCE - Formative Assessment

1. Question

Define mean.

Answer

The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total
number of observations.

If x1, x2, … , xn are observations with frequencies f1, f2, … , fn i.e. x1 occurs f1 times and x2 occurs f2 times and
so on, then we have

Sum of the values of the observations = f1x1 + f2x2 + … + fnxn

and Number of observations = f1 + f2 + … + fn

So, mean( ) of observations is given by

Or,

In summation form, it can be shorted to

Which also can also be written as,

And it is understood i varies from 1 to n.

2. Question

What is the algebraic sum o5f deviations of a frequency distribution about its mean?

Answer

Suppose x1, x2, … , xn are n observations with mean as x.

By definition of mean, [i.e. The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the
observations divided by the total number of observations]

We have,
 and

nx = x1 + x2 + … + xn …[1]

So, in this case we have assumed mean(a) is equal to mean of the observations(x)

And we know that

di = xi - a

where, di is deviation of a (i.e. assumed mean) from each of xi i.e. observations.

So, In the above case we have

d1 = x1 - x

d2 = x2 - x

dn = xn - x

and sum of deviations

d1 + d2 + … + dn = x1 - x + x2 - x + … + xn - x

= x1 + x2 + … + xn - (x + x + … {upto n times})

= nx - nx [Using 1]

=0

Hence, sum of deviations is zero.

3. Question

Which measure of central tendency is given by the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the ‘more than’
ogive and ‘less than’ ogive?

Answer

Median

As we know that, the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the more than ogive and less than ogive give
us median of the data.

4. Question

What is the value of the median of the data using the graph in the following figure of less than ogive and more
than ogive?
Answer

As we know that, the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the more than ogive and less than ogive give
us median of the data.

5. Question

Write the empirical relation between mean, mode and median.

Answer

We know that,

Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean

6. Question

Which measure of central tendency can be determined graphically?

Answer

As we know that, the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the more than ogive and less than ogive give
us median of the data.

So, median can be determined graphically.

7. Question

Write the modal class for the following frequency distribution:

Answer

As class of maximum frequency is called modal class.

Modal class in above case is 20-25 as 75 is maximum frequency.

8. Question

A student draws a cumulative frequency curve for the marks obtained by 40 students of a class as shown below.
Find the median marks obtained by the students of the class.

Answer

We know that, For finding median from a less than ogive or more than ogive curve, we follow below steps.

1. we find the sum of all frequencies or the last cumulative frequency in our given data, let that be N

2. Then we calculate and locate the point corresponding to on the curve.

3. The X coordinate of the point located i.e. the class corresponding to cumulative frequency is the median
of data.

From the graph, we locate last cumulative frequency as 40 i.e. sum of all the frequencies is 40.

i.e. N = 40 and

Median is the marks corresponding to student.

In order to find the median, we first locate the point corresponding to 20th student on Y axis.

And from graph, that point is (50, 20)

So, marks corresponding to 20th student is 50.

So, the median of above data is 50

9. Question

Write the median class for the following frequency distribution:

Answer

First, we prepare the cumulative frequency table for above data

We know that median class of a data is the class-interval corresponding to cumulative frequency just greater
than

Where,

N = sum of all frequencies

As N = 100 therefore

And

Cumulative frequency just greater than 50 is 60 which lies corresponding to class 40-50

Hence, 40-50 is median class.

10. Question

In the graphical representation of a frequency distribution, if the distance between mode and mean is k times
the distance between median and mean, then write the value of k.

Answer

Distance between mode and mean = mode - mean

Distance between median and mean = median - mean

Given that,

(mode - mean) = k(median - mean)

⇒ mode - mean = k median - k mean

⇒ mode = k median - k mean + mean

⇒ mode = k median - (k-1) mean

Comparing it with empirical relation, i.e.

mode = 3 Median - 2 mode

We get,

k=3

11. Question

Find the class marks of classes 10-25 and 35-55

Answer

We know, class marks of a class interval is

For 10-25

Lower limit = 10

Upper limit = 25

Class mark
For 35-55

Lower limit = 35

Upper limit = 55

Class mark

12. Question

Write the median class of the following distribution:

Answer

First, we prepare the cumulative frequency table for above data

We know that median class of a data is the class-interval corresponding to cumulative frequency just greater
than

Where,

N = sum of all frequencies

As N = 25 therefore

And

Cumulative frequency just greater than 25 is 26 which lies corresponding to class 30-40

Hence, 30-40 is median class.

1. Question

Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

A. Mean
B. Median

C. Mode

D. Standard deviation

Answer

There are three measures of central tendency

1) Mean 2) Median 3) Mode

2. Question

The algebraic sum of the deviations of a frequency distribution from its mean is

A. always positive

B. always negative

C. 0

D. a non-zero number

Answer

Suppose x1, x2, … , xn are n observations with mean as x.

By definition of mean, [i.e. The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the
observations divided by the total number of observations]

We have,

and

nx = x1 + x2 + … + xn …[1]

So, in this case we have assumed mean(a) is equal to mean of the observations(x)

And we know that

di = xi - a

where, di is deviation of a (i.e. assumed mean) from each of xi i.e. observations.

So, In the above case we have

d1 = x1 - x

d2 = x2 - x

dn = xn - x

and sum of deviations

d1 + d2 + … + dn = x1 - x + x2 - x + … + xn - x

= x1 + x2 + … + xn - (x + x + … {upto n times})
= nx - nx [Using 1]

=0

Hence, sum of deviations is zero.

3. Question

The arithmetic mean of 1, 2, 3, ..., n is

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

We know that mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the
total number of observations.

and, we have given series

1, 2, 3, …, n

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with

first term, a = 1 and

common difference, d = 1

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is also n.

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:

Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

…[1]

As,

Mean

⇒ Mean

4. Question
For a frequency distribution, mean, median and mode are connected by the relation

A. Mode = 3 Mean − 2 Median

B. Mode = 2 Median − 3 Mean

C. Mode = 3 Median − 2 Mean

D. Mode = 3 Median + 2 Mean

Answer

We know that empirical relation between mean, median and mode is

Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

5. Question

Which of the following cannot be determined graphically?

A. Mean

B. Median

C. Mode

D. None of these

Answer

Median can be find graphically by drawing any of the ogive or both ogives.

And Mode can be find graphically by drawing histogram of the given data.

But mean can't be determined graphically.

6. Question

The median of a given frequency distribution is found graphically with the help of

A. Histogram

B. Frequency curve

C. Frequency polygon

D. Ogive

Answer

There are two ways in which median can be determined graphically.

(1) By drawing any of the ogive

In this case, we first compute , where N is the sum of frequencies and then we locate the point M
corresponding to Nth cumulative frequency on curve, and the x-coordinate of M gives the median.

(2) By drawing both of the ogives

We draw both ogive curves [i.e. less than ogive and greater than ogive] and intersection of both ogives gives
the value of median.

7. Question

The mode of a frequency distribution can be determined graphically from

A. Histogram

B. Frequency polygon

C. Ogive

D. Frequency curve

Answer

The following steps must be followed to find the mode graphically.

1. Represent the given data in the form of a Histogram. The frequency determines the height of each bar.
Identify the highest rectangle. This corresponds to the modal class of the series.

2. Join the top corners of the modal bar with the immediately next corners of the adjacent bars. The two lines
must be cutting each other.

3. Let the point where the joining lines cut each other be 'A'. Draw a perpendicular line from point A onto the x-
axis. The point 'P' where the perpendicular will meet the x-axis will give the mode.

8. Question

Mode is

A. least frequent value

B. middle most value

C. most frequent value

D. None of these

Answer

By Definition of mode, mode is most frequent value.

9. Question

The mean of n observations is . If the first item is increased by 1, second by 2 and so on, then the new mean
is

A.

B.

C.

D. None of these

Answer

Given, mean is ,

Let x1, x2, …, xn are n observations.

And we know

The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total
number of observations.
i.e.

…[1]

Given as the first term is increased by 1 and 2nd term is increased by 2 and so on. Then the terms will be

x1 + 1, x2 + 2, …,xn + n

Let the new mean be x

…[2]

Now, we have series

1, 2, 3, …, n

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with

first term, a = 1 and

common difference, d = 1

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is also n.

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:

Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

Using this in equation [2] and using equation [1] we have

10. Question

One of the methods of determining mode is

A. Mode = 2 Median − 3 Mean

B. Mode = 2 Median + 3 Mean

C. Mode = 3 Median − 2 Mean

D. Mode = 3 Median + 2 Mean

Answer

We know that empirical relation between mean, median and mode is

Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

11. Question

If the mean of the following distribution is 2.6, then the value of y is

A. 3

B. 8

C. 13

D. 24

Answer

Let the draw the frequency distribution table for the above data
As we know the mean(

In this case,

So we have

⇒ 31.2 + 2.6y = 28 + 3y

⇒ 3.2 = 0.4y

⇒y=8

12. Question

The relationship between mean, median and mode for a moderately skewed distribution is

A. Mode = 2 Median − 3 Mean

B. Mode = Median − 2 Mean

C. Mode = 2 Median − Mean

D. Mode = 3 Median − 2 mean

Answer

We know that empirical relation between mean, median and mode is

Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

13. Question

The mean of a discrete frequency distribution xi/fi; i = 1, 2, ..., n is given by

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

If x1, x2, … , xn are observations with frequencies f1, f2, … , fn i.e. x1 occurs f1 times and x2 occurs f2 times and
so on, then we have

Sum of the values of the observations = f1x1 + f2x2 + … + fnxn

and Number of observations = f1 + f2 + … + fn

So, mean( ) of observations is given by

Or,

In summation form, it can be shorted to

Which also can also be written as,

And it is understood i varies from 1 to n.

14. Question

If the arithmetic mean of x, x + 3, x + 6, x + 9, and x + 12 is 10, the x =

A. 1

B. 2

C. 6

D. 4

Answer

Terms are x, x + 3, x + 6, x + 9, x + 12

No of terms = 5

We know that

Mean

⇒ 50 = 5x + 30

⇒ 5x = 20

⇒x=4

15. Question

If the median of the data: 24, 25, 26, x + 2, x + 3, 30, 31, 34 is 27.5, then x =

A. 27

B. 25

C. 28

D. 30

Answer

Terms are 24, 25, 26, x + 2, x + 3, 30, 31, 34

No of terms = 8

We know that, if even no of terms or observations are given, then the median of data is mean of the values of
term and term. Where n is no of terms.

In this case, n = 8
i.e. median of above data is mean of 4th and 5th term

⇒ median

⇒ 55 = 2x + 5

⇒ 2x = 50

⇒ x = 25

16. Question

If the median of the data: 6, 7, x − 2, x, 17, 20, written in ascending order, is 16. Then x =

A. 15

B. 16

C. 17

D. 18

Answer

Terms are 6, 7, x - 2, x, 17, 20

No of terms = 6

We know that, if even no of terms or observations are given, then the median of data is mean of the values of
term and term. Where n is no of terms.

In this case, n = 6

i.e. median of above data is mean of 3rd and 4th term

⇒ median

⇒ 16 = x - 1 [As median is 16]

⇒ x = 17

17. Question

The median of first 10 prime numbers is

A. 11

B. 12

C. 13

D. 14

Answer

The first ten prime no's are :

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 23, 29, 31

Clearly, the data is in ascending order. and

No of terms, n = 10

We know that, if even no of terms or observations are given, then the median of data is mean of the values of
term and term. Where n is no of terms.

In this case, n = 10

i.e. median of above data is mean of 5th and 6th term

⇒ median

⇒ median = 12

18. Question

If the mode of the data: 64, 60, 48, x, 43, 48, 43, 34 is 43, then x + 3 =

A. 44

B. 45

C. 46

D. 48

Answer

As we know, mode of any data is the observation which occurs most.

In this case, 48 occurs two times and 43 is the mode of data

Therefore, 43 should occur more than two times.

And this is possible if and only if

x = 43

⇒ x + 3 = 43 + 3 = 46

Hence, correct option is (C).

19. Question

If the mode of the data: 16, 15, 17, 16, 15, x, 19, 17, 14 is 15, then x =?

A. 15

B. 16

C. 17

D. 19

Answer

Given: The mode of the data: 16, 15, 17, 16, 15, x, 19, 17, 14 is 15.
To find: The value of x.

Solution: As we know, mode of any data is the observation which occurs most.

In this case, 17 occurs two times which implies 17 is the mode.But it is given that 15 is the mode of data.In
order for 15 to be mode it has to occur more than 2 times.As 15 is already occurring 2 times, the possibility of
it occurring more than 2 times is that x should be 15.

⇒ x = 15Hence, correct option is (B).

20. Question

The mean of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 4 is m. The numbers 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, p have mean m − 1 and median q. Then, p + q

=

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

Answer

First data is:

1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 4

Given, mean = m

And we know,

Mean …[1]

No of observations = 6

Sum of all observations = 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 24

Hence,

Mean

⇒ m = 4 …[2]

Second data is :

3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, p

No of observations = 7

Sum of observations = 3 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 3 + 3 + p = 17 + p

Given,

Mean = m - 1

Using [1]
⇒ 21 = 17 + p

⇒ p = 4 …[3]

Hence, series is 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 4

For median, let us write our data in increasing order

2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4,

Also, as the no of terms in this data is odd

We know that if there are odd number of terms in a data, then the median of data is term. Where n is

no of terms

n=7

median = 4th term = 3

⇒ q = 3 …[4]

From [3] and [4]

p+q=4+3=7

21. Question

If the mean of a frequency distribution is 8.1 and Σfixi = 132 + 5k, Σfi = 20, then k =

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

Answer

If x1, x2, … , xn are observations with frequencies f1, f2, … , fn i.e. x1 occurs f1 times and x2 occurs f2 times and
so on, then we have

mean( ) of observations is given by

Given, mean = 8.1

Putting this values in formula:

⇒ 162 = 132 + 5k

⇒ 5k = 30

⇒k=6

22. Question

If the mean of 6, 7, x, 8, y, 14 is 9, then

A. x + y = 21

B. x + y = 19

C. x − y = 19

D. x − y =21

Answer

Terms are 6, 7, x, 8, y, 14

No of terms = 6

We know that

Mean

⇒ 54 = x + y + 35

⇒ x + y = 19

Hence, correct option is (B)

23. Question

The mean of n observation is . If the first observation is increased by 1, the second by 2, the third by 3, and
so on, then the new mean is

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

Given, mean is ,
Let x1, x2, …, xn are n observations.

And we know

The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total
number of observations.

i.e.

…[1]

Given as the first term is increased by 1 and 2nd term is increased by 2 and so on. Then the terms will be

x1 + 1, x2 + 2, …,xn + n

Let the new mean be x

…[2]

Now, we have series

1, 2, 3, …, n

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with

first term, a = 1 and

common difference, d = 1

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is also n.

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:

Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

Using this in equation [2] and using equation [1] we have

24. Question

If the mean of first n natural numbers is , then n =

A. 5
B. 4

C. 9

D. 10

Answer

First n natural numbers are

1, 2, 3, 4, …, n

We know that mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the
total number of observations.

and, we have given series

1, 2, 3, …, n

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with

first term, a = 1 and

common difference, d = 1

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is also n.

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:

Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

….[1]

As,

Mean

⇒ Mean

Given, mean

⇒ 9n + 9 = 10n

⇒n=9

25. Question

The arithmetic mean and mode of a data are 24 and 12 respectively, then its median is

A. 25

B. 18
C. 20

D. 22

Answer

We know that empirical relation between mean, median and mode is

Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

Given,

Mean = 24

Mode = 12

Putting values in the formula,

12 = 3 Median - 2(24)

⇒ 12 = 3 Median - 48

⇒ 3 Median = 60

⇒ Median = 20

26. Question

The mean of first n odd natural number is

A.

B.

C. n

D. n2

Answer

We know that mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the
total number of observations.

and, we have first n odd natural numbers as

1, 3, …, 2n - 1

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with

first term, a = 1 and

common difference, d = 2

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is (2n - 1)

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:
Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

…[1]

As,

Mean

⇒ Mean

27. Question

The mean of first n odd natural numbers is , then n =

A. 9

B. 81

C. 27

D. 18

Answer

We know that mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the
total number of observations.

and, we have first n odd natural numbers as

1, 3, …, 2n - 1

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with first term, a = 1 and common difference, d = 2

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is (2n - 1)

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:

Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

…[1]

As,

Mean

⇒ Mean

Now, given mean

⇒ n = 81

28. Question

If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24, then the difference of medina and mean is

A. 12

B. 24

C. 8

D. 36

Answer

Difference of mode and median, mode - median = 24 …[1]

We know that empirical relation between mean, median and mode is

Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

⇒ 3 Mode - 2 Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

⇒ 3 Mode - 3 Median = 2 Mode - 2 Mean

⇒ 3(Mode - Median) = 2(Mode - Mean)

From [1] we have

3(24) = 2(Mode - Mean)

⇒ Mode - Mean = 36 …[2]

on substracting [1] from [2]

Mode - Mean - (Mode - Median) = 36 - 24

Mode - Mean - Mode + Median = 8

Median - Mode = 8

Hence, difference between median and mode is 8.

29. Question

If the arithmetic mean of 7, 8, x, 11, 14 is x, then x =

A. 9

B. 9.5

C. 10

D. 10.5

Answer

Terms are 7, 8, x, 11, 14

No of terms = 5

We know that

Mean
⇒ 5x = x + 40

⇒ 4x = 40

⇒ x = 10

Hence, correct option is (C)

30. Question

If mode of a series exceeds its mean by 12, then mode exceeds the median by

A. 4

B. 8

C. 6

D. 10

Answer

Given, mode exceeds mean by 12 i.e. mode - mean = 12 …[1]

We know that empirical relation between mean, median and mode is

Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

⇒ 3 Mode - 2 Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

⇒ 3 Mode - 3 Median = 2 Mode - 2 Mean

⇒ 3(Mode - Median) = 2(Mode - Mean)

From [1] we have

3(Mode - Median) = 2(12)

⇒ Mode - Median = 8

i.e. Mode exceeds Median by 8.

31. Question

If the mean of first n natural number is 15, then n =

A. 15

B. 30

C. 14

D. 29

Answer

First n natural numbers are

1, 2, 3, 4, …, n

We know that mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the
total number of observations.
and, we have given series

1, 2, 3, …, n

Clearly the above series is an AP(Arithmetic progression) with

first term, a = 1 and

common difference, d = 1

And no of terms is clearly n.

And last term is also n.

We know, sum of terms of an AP if first and last terms are known is:

Putting the values in above equation we have sum of series i.e.

…[1]

As,

Mean

⇒ Mean

Given, mean = 15

⇒ n + 1 = 30

⇒ n = 29

32. Question

If the mean observations x1, x2, ..., xn is , then the means of x1 + a, x2 + a, ..., xn + a is

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

Given, mean is ,

and x1, x2, …, xn are n observations.

And we know
The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total
number of observations.

i.e.

…[1]

And we have another series

x1 + a, x2 + a, …,xn + a

Let the new mean be x

Now, From [1] we have

33. Question

Mean of a certain number of observations is . If each observation is divided by m(m ≠ 0) and increased by n,
then the mean of new observation is

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

Given, mean is ,

Let x1, x2, …, xk are k observations.

And we know

The mean or average of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total
number of observations.

i.e.

….[1]
Given, the terms are divided by m and increased by n. Then the terms will be

Let the new mean be x

Now, From [1] we have

Hence correct option is (A)

34. Question

If , then =

A. 23

B. 24

C. 27

D. 25

Answer

We have given,

Also,

Putting this in above equation

Now, given …[1]

using this

We have,

…[2]

We know,

If x1, x2, … , xn are observations with frequencies f1, f2, … , fn i.e. x1 occurs f1 times and x2 occurs f2 times and
so on, then mean( ) of observations is given by

From [1] and [2]

35. Question

If 35 is removed from the data: 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, then the median increases by

A. 2

B. 1.5

C. 1

D. 0.5

Answer

Given series is,

30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40

We know that, if even no of terms or observations are given, then the median of data is mean of the values of
term and term. Where n is no of terms.

In this case, no of terms,n = 8

i.e. median of above data is mean of 4th and 5th term

In this case,

4th term = 36
5th term = 37

⇒ median

⇒ median = 37.5

If 35 is removed, the series will be

30, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40

No of terms = 7

We know that if there are odd number of terms in a data, then the median of data is term. Where n is

no of terms

n=7

median = 4th term = 37

Difference in both medians = 37.5 - 37 = 0.5

Hence, median increases by 0.5.