logic gates (1)

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 9

Logic Gates

A logic gate is the building block for digital circuits. They


perform basic logical functions that are fundamental to
digital circuits. logic gate is designed by using
components like diodes, transistors, resistors,
capacitors, etc.
Classifications of Logic Gates
1. Standard Logic Gates
2. Alternative Logic Gates
3. Derived Logic Gates
1. Standard Logic Gates
There are three basic logic gates:
1. AND Gate
2. OR Gate
3. NOT Gate
2. Alternative Logic Gates
In digital electronics, the following two logic gates are considered
as universal logic gates:
1. NOR Gate means NOT OR
2. NAND Gate means NOT AND
3. Derived Logic Gates
The following are the derived logic gates used in digital systems:
1. XOR Gate means Exclusive OR
2. XNOR Gate

Logic Gates Symbols


The following diagrammatic illustrations show the circuit
symbols of the 7 distinct Logic gates (In the symbol, the
input terminals are on the left, and the output terminal
is on the right.)
1. Standard Logic Gates Symbols

1. AND
GATE

3. NOT GATE

2. OR GATE
Input and Output Signal of Logic Gates
Logic gate circuits are designed to input and output only
two types of signals: “high or true” which can be
represented by (1) and “low or false” which can be
represented by (0).
1. Input and output signal of AND
gate
·

The above AND gate symbols has:


1. Output A.B high or 1 if and only if the inputs A and B
on the LHS are ones
2. Otherwise the output A.B is zero
2. Input and output signal of OR gate

The above OR gate symbols has:


1. Output A+B is 1 if atleast one of the inputs signals A and
B on the LHS is 1.
2. Otherwise the output A+B is zero
3. Input and output signal of NOT gate

The above NOT gate symbols has:


1. Output 1 if the input signal A is 0
2. Output signal 0 if the input signal is 1
Truth Table of the Standard Logic Gate
Truth Table is a table that is used to perform logical
Operations. It is basically used to check whether the
Propositional expression is true or false, as per the
input values.
Input Input Output Input Input Output
A B A· B A B A+B
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

AND Gate Truth Table OR Gate Truth Table


Input Output
A A
0 1
1 0

NOT Gate Truth Table


Uses of Logic Gates
1. Security Systems
2. Communication Systems
3. Control Systems
4. Data Storage
5. Consumer Electronics
STANDARD LOGIC GATES EQUATIONS
The standard Logic gates operations can be express using
boolean algebra equation
1. for 2-inputs A and B The AND gate operation is represented by
the equation C = A·B
Where
A·B is the output
The center or middle dot (·) is pronounced AND
Hence the entire equation is read as “C equal to A and B”
2. for 2-inputs A and B The OR gate operation is represented by
the equation C = A+B
Where
A+B is the output
The plus sign (+) is pronounced OR
Hence the entire equation is read as “C equal to A Or B”
2. for an inputs A The NOT gate operation is represented by
the equation C = Ā
Where
Ā is the output
The horizontal bar (―) is pronounced as Bar
Hence the entire equation is read as “C is a compliment or
inverse of A”

You might also like