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    2 views5 pages

    Document (11)

    Uploaded by

    Swati Suri

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    LEVEL-I

    Question 1: What were the three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy?

    The main objectives of Jawaharlal Nehru’s foreign policy were to preserve the
    sovereignty and territorial integrity of India and promote rapid economic
    development of India. Jawaharlal Nehru adopted the policy of non-alignment
    to assure that the foreign and economic policy of India remains independent
    of both superpowers. He also invited other nations such as USSR, Germany,
    etc. to invest in Indian economy and built trade relationships with newly
    independent Afro-Asian nationsRead more on

    Question 2: Which two developments strained the relationship between India


    and China?

    The two developments that strained the relationship between India and
    China are:

    1. The Sino-Indian Border Conflict (1962): A war broke out between India and
    China over a border dispute, resulting in the capture of Indian territory by
    China. This conflict led to a significant deterioration in relations between the
    two countries.

    2. The Tibet Issue (1959): China's annexation of Tibet, which India had
    recognized as an autonomous region, led to a refugee crisis with the Dalai
    Lama fleeing to India. China viewed India's provision of asylum to the Dalai
    Lama as interference in its internal affairs, further straining relations.

    These two events have had a lasting impact on the relationship between
    India and China, with ongoing disputes over border territories and diplomatic
    tensions.

    Question 3: Write any two issues between India and Pakistan?

    Here are two major issues between India and Pakistan:

    1. Kashmir Dispute: The Kashmir region has been a contentious issue


    between India and Pakistan since the partition of India in 1947. Both
    countries claim sovereignty over the entire region, which has led to several
    wars and ongoing tensions.

    2. Territorial Disputes and Border Security: India and Pakistan have had
    longstanding disputes over their shared border, including the Line of Control
    (LoC) in Kashmir and the International Border (IB) in Punjab and Rajasthan.
    Cross-border terrorism, infiltration, and ceasefire violations have further
    strained relations.

    These issues have resulted in a complex and sensitive relationship between


    India and Pakistan, with ongoing diplomatic efforts to resolve these disputes
    and maintain regional stability.

    LEVEL-II

    Question 4: ‘Following the NAM policy is a difficult balancing act’. Justify the
    statement.

    The statement "Following the NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) policy is a


    difficult balancing act" can be justified by the following points:

    1. Neutrality: NAM member states aim to remain neutral in the conflicts


    between major powers, which can be challenging, especially when faced with
    conflicting interests or pressure from powerful nations.

    2. Diverse interests: NAM members have diverse political, economic, and


    strategic interests, making it difficult to achieve consensus on key issues.

    3. Great power rivalries: NAM member states often find themselves caught
    between the rivalries of great powers, requiring careful balancing to maintain
    relationships with multiple countries

    4. Economic dependencies: Many NAM member states have economic


    dependencies on major powers, making it difficult to maintain independence
    in their foreign policy decisions.

    5. Regional conflicts: NAM member states often face regional conflicts, which
    can create tensions with neighboring countries and make it challenging to
    maintain a non-aligned stance.
    6. Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world has made it
    difficult for NAM member states to maintain their independence and
    sovereignty in the face of globalizing forces.

    7. Shifting geopolitical dynamics: The changing global landscape, with the


    rise of new powers and shifting alliances, requires constant adaptation and
    balancing by NAM member states to maintain their non-aligned position.

    In summary, following the NAM policy requires a delicate balancing act, as


    member states must navigate diverse interests, great power rivalries,
    economic dependencies, regional conflicts, globalization, and shifting
    geopolitical dynamics while maintaining their independence and sovereignty.

    Question 5: Write a short note on India’s Nuclear policy.

    1. India advocates no first use and reiterates India's commitment to global


    verifiable on non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament loading to a nuclear
    weapon free world.

    2. Pt. Nehru always promoted' science and technology to build a modern


    India, i.e. initiated nuclear programme in the late 1940s under the guidance
    of Homi J. Bhoba.

    3. India was against nuclear weapons, hence pleaded many nuclear


    disarmament with superpowers.

    4. India always considered NPT as discriminatory and refused to sign on it.

    5. Even India's first Nuclear Test in May 1974 was termed as a peaceful
    explosion and India argued to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes only.

    Question 6: ‘The crisis in East Pakistan leads towards war between India and
    Pakistan’. Explain.

    LEVEL-III

    Question 7: ‘The Sino-Indian conflict not only dented the image of


    Government of India but also affected the opposition as well.’ Elucidate the
    statement.
    The Sino-Indian conflicts affected the opposition as
    well. This and the growing rift between China and
    the Soviet Union created irreconcilable differences
    within the Communist Party of India (CPI). The pro-
    USSR faction remained within the CPI and moved
    towards closer ties with the Congress. The other
    faction was for sometime closer to China and was
    against any ties with the Congress. The party split
    in 1964 and the leaders of the later faction formed
    the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M). In
    the wake of the China War, many leaders of CPRM)
    were arrested for being pro-China.

    Question 8: ‘Nehru had been an ardent advocate of Asian unity’. Examine.

    Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, was indeed a strong
    advocate for Asian unity. He believed in the concept of "Asianism," which
    aimed to promote solidarity and cooperation among Asian nations. Here are
    some key aspects of Nehru's advocacy for Asian unity:

    1. Anti-colonialism: Nehru saw Asian unity as a means to counter colonialism


    and imperialism. He believed that a united Asia could resist foreign
    domination and promote independence.

    2. Non-Alignment: Nehru was a key figure in the Non-Aligned Movement


    (NAM), which sought to maintain independence from great power blocs. He
    saw Asian unity as a way to strengthen NAM and promote peace.

    3. Economic cooperation: Nehru advocated for economic cooperation among


    Asian nations to promote development and reduce dependence on Western
    powers.

    4. Cultural exchange: He believed in the importance of cultural exchange and


    understanding among Asian nations to promote unity and cooperation.

    5. Regional organizations: Nehru supported the creation of regional


    organizations like the Asian Relations Conference (1947) and the Asian
    Games Federation (1951) to foster cooperation and unity.
    6. Opposition to SEATO: Nehru opposed the Southeast Asia Treaty
    Organization (SEATO), seeing it as a tool of Western domination. Instead, he
    advocated for an Asian security system.

    7. Support for decolonization: Nehru actively supported decolonization efforts


    in Asia, seeing it as essential for Asian unity and independence.

    8. Panchsheel Agreement: Nehru's Panchsheel Agreement (1954) with China


    emphasized mutual respect, non-aggression, and cooperation, setting a
    precedent for Asian nations.

    Nehru's advocacy for Asian unity was driven by his vision of a peaceful,
    independent, and cooperative Asia. While his efforts faced challenges, his
    legacy continues to inspire Asian nations to work towards greater unity and
    cooperation.

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