PSM (H)

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Plane and Solid Mensuration

Quarter 2 | 1st Semester | 2024

Polyhedrons and Prisms

Polyhedron Properties of Prisms


- solid bounded by planes or polygons 1. The bases are the equal polygons.
Geometric Solid 2. The faces include between bases are called
- any limited portion of space bounded by lateral faces
surfaces 3. The intersection of consecutive lateral faces
- section of a solid is the plane figure formed is the lateral edges
by a plane passing through a solid 4. The lateral edges are equal and parallel
5. The height of the prism is the perpendicular
distance between the planes of its bases
6. The right section of a prism is a section
made by a plane which is perpendicular to a
lateral edge
Parallelepiped
- a prism whose faces are all parallelograms
Parts of a Polyhedron - six faces are all rectangles is called a
1. Face rectangular parallelepiped
• The bounding planes of a Naming Prisms Based on the Shape of Their Bases
polyhedron Right Prism
2. Edges - a prism whose lateral edges are
• The intersection of the faces perpendicular to its bases
3. Vertices Oblique Prism
• The intersection of two or more - a prism whose lateral edges are not
edges perpendicular to its bases
4. Diagonal Regular Prism
• The line joining two vertices which - bases of a prism are regular polygons
are not in the same face Lateral Area
Convex Polyhedron - the sum of the areas of its lateral faces or
- a polyhedron such that the section made by the product of the lateral edge and the
any plane cutting it is a convex polygon perimeter of the right section
Surface Area
- the total surface area of a prism is the sum
of its lateral edges and the areas of its bases
Volume
- the product of the areas of the base and the
height or the product of the areas of the
right section and its lateral edges
Prism
Formulas:
- a polyhedron, two faces of which are
No. of Faces, Vertices, Edges
congruent polygons in parallel planes and
𝐹+𝑉−𝐸 =2
the other faces are parallelograms
Bases
- polygon ABC Polyhedron Lateral Area Surface Volume
- polygon DEF Area
Edges Regular 2(𝑤 + 𝑙 )ℎ 2(ℎ𝑤 + 𝑙𝑤 𝑙𝑤ℎ
- AB, BC, CA, DE, EF, FD Prisms + 𝑙ℎ)
Lateral Edges
- AB, BE, CF Cube 4𝑠 2 6𝑠 2 𝑠3
Lateral Faces Rhombus 2(𝑤 + 𝑙 )ℎ 2(ℎ𝑤 + 𝑙𝑤 𝑑1𝑑2
𝑣 = ( )ℎ
- ABED + 𝑙ℎ) 2
- BCFE Triangular 𝑃ℎ 𝑃ℎ + 𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ
𝑣 = ( )ℎ
- ADFC 2
Cylinders
Formula
Lateral Area 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
Cylinder Surface Area 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟)
- A solid bounded by a closed cylindrical Volume 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
surface and two parallel planes which cut all 3
the elements
Conical Surface Pyramids
- a surface generated by a moving straight
line which intersects a given plane curve Pyramids
and passes through a fixed point which is - Polyhedron bounded by a base which is a
not in the plane of the curve polygon and triangular lateral faces with a
Generatrix common vertex called the apex
- the moving line and the fixed curve Properties of Pyramids
Vertex or Apex 1. The common vertex is called the vertex of
- fixed point the pyramid
Element 2. The lateral faces are triangles
- the generatrix in any position 3. The intersections of the lateral faces are the
Nappes lateral edges
- portions of the conical surface separated by 4. The height of the pyramid is the
the vertex perpendicular distance from the vertex of
Base of the Cone the pyramid to the plane of the base of the
- section made by the plane which cuts all of pyramid
the elements Regular Pyramid
Axis of the Cone - solid figure whose one face called the base,
- line segment joining the vertex and the a regular polygon of any number of sides
center of the base of the cone and the other faces are congruent triangles
Right Cone which have a common vertex
- one whose axis is perpendicular to the Properties of Regular Pyramids
plane of the bases 1. The lateral faces are congruent isosceles
Oblique Cone triangles
- has a circular base but the axis of the cone 2. The slant height is the height of a lateral
is not perpendicular with the base face
3. The slant heights of the lateral faces are
equal
4. The length of the perpendicular line
dropped from the vertex to the center of
the base is the height of the regular
pyramid
5. The triangle formed by the vertex, the
center of the base and any point on the
edge of the base is cut by a plane
Properties of a Cone 6. If a regular pyramid is cut by a plane parallel
1. The section of a cone made by a plane to its base, the pyramid cut off is a regular
passing through the vertex and intersecting pyramid
the base is a triangle
2. A section of the cone made by a plane Formula
which is perpendicular to the axis and which Lateral Area 1
cuts all the elements of the cone is a right 𝑃𝑙
2
section Surface Area 𝐿𝐴 + 𝐵
3. The height of the cone is the perpendicular Volume 1
𝐵ℎ
to the base, it is called a right circular cone 3
Circular Cone
- a cone whose right section is a circle
- if its axis is perpendicular to its base, it is Kaya niyo yan guys, Goodluck!!!
called a right circular cone
Right Circular Cone - Ate Hannah
- formed by rotating a right triangle about
one of its legs as an axis

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