Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
private, non-profit institution with research programs
focusing on cancer, neuroscience, plant biology,
genomics, and quantitative biology.[2] It is located in
Laurel Hollow on Long Island, New York.

It is one of 68 institutions supported by the Cancer

Centers Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute
(NCI) and has been an NCI-designated Cancer Center The logo of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
since 1987.[3] The Laboratory is one of a handful of Established 1890
institutions that played a central role in the President Bruce Stillman
development of molecular genetics and molecular
Staff 1,200
biology.[4]
Budget $150 million
It has been home to eight scientists who have been Location 1 Bungtown Road,
awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Laurel Hollow, New
CSHL is ranked among the leading basic research York, United States
institutions in molecular biology and genetics, with Website www.cshl.edu (http://ww
Thomson Reuters ranking it first in the world.[5] CSHL w.cshl.edu/)
was also ranked first in research output worldwide by
Nature.[6] The Laboratory is led by Bruce Stillman, a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Historic
biochemist and cancer researcher. District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Since its inception in 1890, the institution's campus on
the North Shore of Long Island has also been a center U.S. Historic district
of biology education. Current CSHL educational
programs serve professional scientists, doctoral
students in biology, teachers of biology in the K–12
system, and students from the elementary grades
through high school. In the past 10 years, CSHL
conferences & courses have drawn over 81,000
scientists and students to the main campus.[7] For this
reason, many scientists consider CSHL a "crossroads
of biological science."[8] Since 2009 CSHL has
partnered with the Suzhou Industrial Park in Suzhou,
China to create Cold Spring Harbor Asia which
annually draws some 3,000 scientists to its meetings
and courses.[9] The Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
School of Biological Sciences, formerly the Watson
School of Biological Sciences, was founded in
1999.[10]
In 2015, CSHL announced a strategic affiliation with
the nearby Northwell Health to advance cancer
therapeutics research, develop a new clinical cancer
research unit at Northwell Health in Lake Success, NY,
to support early-phase clinical studies of new cancer
therapies, and recruit and train more clinician-scientists
in oncology.[11]

CSHL hosts bioRxiv, a preprint repository for Location Jct. of NY 25A and
publications in the life sciences. Bungtown Rd., Laurel
Hollow, New York
Coordinates 40°51′30″N 73°28′00″W
Research programs Area 110 acres (45 ha)
Architect Multiple
Research staff in CSHL's 52 laboratories numbers over
600, including postdoctoral researchers; an additional Architectural style Multiple
125 graduate students and 500 administrative and NRHP reference No. 94000198 (https://npgall
support personnel bring the total number of employees ery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/
to over 1,200.[12] NRIS/94000198)[1]
Added to NRHP March 30, 1994
Cell biology and genomics
RNA interference (RNAi) and small-RNA biology;
DNA replication; RNA splicing; signal transduction; genome
structure; non-coding RNAs; deep sequencing; single-cell
sequencing and analytics; stem cell self-renewal and
differentiation; chromatin dynamics; structural biology; advanced
proteomics; mass spectrometry; advanced microscopy.[13]

Cancer research
Principal cancer types under study: breast, prostate, blood Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
(leukemia, lymphoma); myelodysplastic syndrome; melanoma;
liver; ovarian and cervical; lung; brain; pancreas. Research foci:
drug resistance; cancer genomics; tumor microenvironment; cancer metabolism; growth control in
mammalian cells; transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation.[14]

Neuroscience
Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics employs deep sequencing and other tools to study genetics
underlying schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Swartz Center for the Neural
Mechanisms of Cognition studies cognition in the normal brain as a baseline for understanding
dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Other research foci: autism genetics;
mapping of the mammalian brain; neural correlates of decision making.[15]

Plant biology[16]
Plant genome sequencing; epigenetics and stem cell fate; stem cell signalling; plant-environment
interactions; using genetic insights to increase yield of staple crops, e.g., maize, rice, wheat; increase fruit
yield in flowering plants, e.g., tomato. Other initiatives: genetics of aquatic plants for biofuel
development; lead role in building National Science Foundation's iPlant Collaborative[17]
cyberinfrastructure. Much of this work takes place on 12 acres of farmland at the nearby CSHL Uplands
Farm,[18] where expert staff raise crops and Arabidopsis plants for studies. Seven CSHL faculty members
conduct research primarily in plant biology - Drs. David Jackson, Zachary Lippman, Robert Martienssen,
Richard McCombie, Ullas Pedmale, Doreen Ware, and Thomas Gingeras.[16]

Simons Center for Quantitative Biology

Genome assembly and validation; mathematical modeling and algorithm development; population
genetics; applied statistical and machine learning; biomedical text-mining; computational genomics;
cloud computing and Big Data.[19]

COVID-19

Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Utah Health University, PEEL Therapeutics, and
Weill Cornell Medicine worked to examine the possible function of NETs in COVID-19, gather blood
samples from 33 hospitalized individuals, as well as autopsy tissue. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
(NETs) are a form of protection which is utilized by the immune system against certain pathogens.[20]

Educational programs
In addition to its research mission, CSHL has a broad educational
mission. The School of Biological Sciences (SBS), established in
1998, awards the Ph.D. degree and fully funds the research
program of every student. Students are challenged to obtain their
doctoral degree in 4–5 years. The Undergraduate Research
Program (URP) for gifted college students (established in 1959),
and the Partners for the Future Program for advanced high school
students (established in 1990) are now hosted at the SBS.
Sign at the entrance at 500
The CSHL Meetings & Courses Program brings over 8,500
Sunnyside Blvd.
scientists from around the world to Cold Spring Harbor annually
to share research results – mostly unpublished—in 60 meetings,
most held biannually; and to learn new technologies in 30 to 35 professional courses, most offered
annually.[12] The Cold Spring Harbor Symposium series, held every year since 1933 with the exception of
three years during the Second World War, has been a forum for researchers in genetics, genomics,
neuroscience and plant biology. At the Banbury Center, about 25-30 discussion-style meetings are held
yearly for a limited number of invited participants.[21] As of 2016, a two-week course at CSHL costs
between $3,700 and $4,700 per student and three-day conferences cost about $1,000 per attendee.[22]

The DNA Learning Center (DNALC), founded in 1988, was among the early pioneers[23] in developing
hands-on genetics lab experiences for middle and high school students. In 2013, 31,000 students on Long
Island and New York City were taught genetics labs at the DNALC and satellite facilities in New York.
Over 9,000 high school biology teachers have participated in DNALC teacher-training programs.[24]
The Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press has established a program consisting of seven journals, 190
books, laboratory manuals and protocols, and online services for research preprints.[7]

Funding
In 2015, CSHL had an operating budget of $150 million, over $100 million of which was spent on
research.[12] Half of the research budget was devoted to cancer; 25% to neuroscience; 15% to genomics
and quantitative biology; and 10% to plant sciences. The sources of research funding in 2015 were: 34%
Federal (primarily National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation); 26% auxiliary
activities; 22% private philanthropy; 10% endowment; 3% corporate.[12]

History
The institution took root as The Biological Laboratory in 1890, a summer program for the education of
college and high school teachers studying zoology, botany, comparative anatomy and nature. The
program began as an initiative of Eugene G. Blackford and Franklin Hooper, director of the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences, the founding institution of The Brooklyn Museum.[25] In 1904, the
Carnegie Institution of Washington established the Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring
Harbor on an adjacent parcel. In 1921, the station was reorganized as the Carnegie Institution Department
of Genetics.

Between 1910 and 1939, the laboratory was the base of the Eugenics Record Office of biologist Charles
B. Davenport and his assistant Harry H. Laughlin, two prominent American eugenicists of the period.
Davenport was director of the Carnegie Station from its inception until his retirement in 1934. In 1935 the
Carnegie Institution sent a team to review the ERO's work, and as a result the ERO was ordered to stop
all work. In 1939 the Institution withdrew funding for the ERO entirely, leading to its closure. The ERO's
reports, articles, charts, and pedigrees were considered scientific facts in their day, but have since been
discredited. Its closure came 15 years after its findings were incorporated into the National Origins Act
(Immigration Act of 1924), which severely reduced the number of immigrants to America from southern
and eastern Europe who, Harry Laughlin testified, were racially inferior to the Nordic immigrants from
England and Germany. Charles Davenport was also the founder and the first director of the International
Federation of Eugenics Organizations in 1925. Today, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory maintains the full
historical records, communications and artifacts of the ERO for historical,[26] teaching and research
purposes. The documents are housed in a campus archive and can be accessed online[27] and in a series of
multimedia websites.[28]

Carnegie Institution scientists at Cold Spring Harbor made many contributions to genetics and medicine.
In 1908 George H. Shull discovered hybrid corn and the genetic principle behind it called heterosis, or
"hybrid vigor."[29][30] This would become the foundation of modern agricultural genetics. In 1916,
Clarence C. Little[31] was among the first scientists to demonstrate a genetic component of cancer. E.
Carleton MacDowell in 1928 discovered a strain of mouse called C58 that developed spontaneous
leukemia – an early mouse model of cancer.[32] In 1933, Oscar Riddle isolated prolactin, the milk
secretion hormone[33] and Wilbur Swingle participated in the discovery of adrenocortical hormone, used
to treat Addison's disease.
Milislav Demerec was named director of the Laboratory in 1941. Demerec shifted the Laboratory's
research focus to the genetics of microbes, thus setting investigators on a course to study the biochemical
function of the gene. During World War Two, Demerec directed efforts at Cold Spring Harbor that
resulted in major increases in penicillin production.[34]

Beginning in 1941, and annually from 1945, three of the seminal figures of molecular genetics convened
summer meetings at Cold Spring Harbor of what they called the Phage Group. Salvador Luria, of Indiana
University; Max Delbrück, then of Vanderbilt University; and Alfred Hershey, then of Washington
University in St. Louis, sought to discover the nature of genes through study of viruses called
bacteriophages that infect bacteria.[35]

In 1945, Delbrück's famous Phage Course was taught for the first time, inspiring, among
others, a young James D. Watson; it was repeated for many years after. CSH Symposia
important in the cross-fertilization of ideas among molecular biology's pioneers were held in
1951, 1953, 1956, 1961, 1963, and 1966.[36]
At the CSH Symposium in summer 1953, Watson made the first public presentation of
DNA's double-helix structure.

Leadership
In 1962, the Department of Genetics, no longer supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington,
formally merged with the Biological Laboratory to form the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory of
Quantitative Biology. In 1970, the name was simplified to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

John F. Cairns was appointed as the Director of the merged Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1963 and
found that in the absence of continued financial support from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the
newly created institution was in desperate need of funds to support its programs and update facilities.
Cairns stabilized the Laboratory and made essential improvements to the facilities.[37]: 215 He decided in
1968 that he would step down as Director and he remained at CSHL until 1973, moving then to the
Imperial Cancer Research Fund (now Cancer Research UK) in Mill Hill near London, UK.[37]: 227 While
at CSHL, Cairns performed important experiments on DNA replication in the bacteria E. coli.

James D. Watson served as the Laboratory's director and president for 35 years. Upon taking charge in
1968, he focused the Laboratory on cancer research, creating a tumor virus group and successfully
obtaining federal funds for an expansion of cancer research capabilities. Watson placed CSHL on a firm
financial footing. Inspired by his Nobel collaborator, Francis Crick, Watson initiated a major push to
scale-up CSHL research on the brain and psychiatric disorders, beginning in the late 1980s. In 1990, work
was completed on the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory, and the Marks Neuroscience Building was
opened in 1999. In 1994, Watson ceased being director of the Laboratory and assumed the title of
president. In 2004 he was named chancellor, a position he held until October 2007,[38] when he retired at
the age of 79 after views attributed to him on race and intelligence appeared in the British press.[39][40] In
January 2019, CSHL severed all ties with Watson—and revoked his honorary titles—after he
unequivocally restated these views in an American Masters television profile.[41]

Since 1994 biochemist and cancer biologist Bruce Stillman has led the Laboratory as director, and since
2003 as president. Stillman, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the Royal
Society, also continues to run a basic research lab, devoted to the study of DNA replication and
chromosome maintenance. Stillman is credited with the 1991 discovery and elucidation of the mechanism
of the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a highly conserved protein complex that recognizes and binds
to specific DNA sequences, marking starting points for replication of the entire genome.[42]

Stillman has presided over a major expansion of the Laboratory, its size growing threefold since he
became director. With construction completed on six linked laboratory buildings on the Hillside Campus
in 2009, CSHL added much-needed new laboratory space for cancer and neuroscience research, as well
as space for a new program on quantitative biology to bring experts in mathematics, computer science,
statistics, and physics to problems in biology.

Notable faculty
Douglas Fearon, immunologist, Fellow of the Royal Society, member of the National
Academy of Sciences.
Leemor Joshua-Tor, structural biologist, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, and
National Academy of Sciences member.
Adrian R. Krainer, developed nusinersen to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), winner of
the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences and member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Robert Martienssen, studies epigenetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and
Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).
Bruce Stillman, molecular biologist, Fellow of the Royal Society, Member of the National
Academy of Sciences, EMBO and AAAS.
Bruce Wallace, geneticist, Member of the National Academy of Sciences, professor at
Virginia Tech
Michael Wigler, genetic engineering of animal cells and molecular biologist, co-discovered
the Ras oncogene, Member of the National Academy of Sciences and AAAS.
Zachary Lippman, plant geneticist, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and winner
of a MacArthur Fellowship, commonly referred to as a "Genius grant", Member of the
National Academy of Sciences.
Christopher Vakoc, leukemia biologist, winner of the Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research.

Nobel Prize winners

Carol Greider, discovered relationship between cellular aging and damage to the ends of
chromosomes, called telomeres, in 1992; won Nobel Prize in 2009 with Elizabeth Blackburn
and Jack W. Szostak[43]
Barbara McClintock, discovered transposons ("jumping genes") in 1944; received Nobel
Prize in 1983.[44][45][46]
Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey, conducted "Waring blender experiments", confirmed
DNA as the genetic material in 1952;[47] Hershey was awarded the Nobel Prize with
Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück in 1969[48]
Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp shared a Nobel in 1993 for the discovery of
discontinuous, or "split" genes, which revealed the RNA splicing mechanism.[49]
James D. Watson, shared a Nobel Prize with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins in 1962 for
their discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.[50] From 1968 to 1993 Watson served
as the CSHL Director. In 2007 the CSHL suspended him for his support for scientific racism
but after he issued a public apology he was allowed to retain honorary titles, though he was
 relieved his leadership and managerial roles.[51] In 2019 CSHL rescinded his honorary titles
after he made public remarks again suggesting IQ and race were related, comments which
CSHL viewed as a reversal of the apology he gave in 2007.[52] In 2020 the Watson School
of Biological Sciences (WSBS) was renamed to delete any reference to him.[53]

Double Helix Medal

Each year, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory awards a Double Helix Medal to individuals who have
positively impacted human health, either by raising awareness and funds for biomedical research, or
contributing in a major way to biological and biomedical research.

See also
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Whitehead Institute
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Harvard University
Rockefeller University
California Institute of Technology
The Scripps Research Institute

References
1. "National Register Information System" (https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP). National Register
of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
2. "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | 2012 Annual Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/201403
14235223/http://www.cshl.edu/Annual-Reports/2012-annual-report). Archived from the
original (http://www.cshl.edu/Annual-Reports/2012-annual-report) on March 14, 2014.
Retrieved March 14, 2014.
3. "Cancer Centers Program - Cancer Centers" (https://web.archive.org/web/2014022310005
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sci/08/may25-08_4/). The ranking is based on average citation frequency of faculty research
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each CSHL paper on average.
6. "Top 10 academic institutions in 2018: normalized" (http://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-0
19-01924-x). Nature. June 19, 2019. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01924-x (https://doi.org/10.10
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7. WebServices. "CSHL Facts & Figures - About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/2014032205
0319/https://www.cshl.edu/About-Us/Facts-Figures). Archived from the original (http://www.c
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 8. Examples include: Francis Collins, M.D., Ph.D., current director of the U.S. National
Institutes of Health: [2] (http://library.cshl.edu/oralhistory/interview/genome-research/competi
tion-science/competition-human-genome-project-public-vs-private/); Nobel laureate Sydney
Brenner: [3] (http://library.cshl.edu/oralhistory/interview/cshl/special-aspects/cold-spring-harb
or-laboratory-center-science/); Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, M.D., referring to the institutional
setting of CSHL's graduate school: [4] (http://www.cshl.edu/Archive/watson-school-of-biologi
cal-sciences-culminates-commencement-weekend-conferring-degrees-on-its-fifth-graduatin
g-class); See also: R. Sanders Williams, "Sputnik, Slime Molds, and Botticelli in the Making
of a Physician-Scientist," in David A. Schwartz, ed., Medicine, Science and Dreams: The
Making of Physician-Scientists (Springer, 2010, p. 103.)
9. "CSH Asia Overview" (http://www.csh-asia.org/overview.html). www.csh-asia.org.
10. "CSHL trustees vote on future of graduate school" (https://www.cshl.edu/cshl-trustees-vote-
on-future-of-graduate-school/). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. July 3, 2020. Retrieved
July 4, 2020.
11. Dagnia Zeidlickis. "CSHL Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and North Shore-LIJ announce
strategic affiliation to accelerate benefits of cancer research to patients - News & Features"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20151031104416/http://www.cshl.edu/news-and-features/cold-
spring-harbor-laboratory-and-north-shore-lij-announce-strategic-affiliation-to-accelerate-ben
efits-of-cancer-research-to-patients.html). Archived from the original (http://www.cshl.edu/ne
ws-and-features/cold-spring-harbor-laboratory-and-north-shore-lij-announce-strategic-affiliati
on-to-accelerate-benefits-of-cancer-research-to-patients.html) on October 31, 2015.
Retrieved October 16, 2015.
12. "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211710/http://www.cshl.edu/images/
stories/about_us/pdfs/2013-CSHL-factsheet.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (http://ww
w.cshl.edu/images/stories/about_us/pdfs/2013-CSHL-factsheet.pdf) (PDF) on September
23, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
13. "Genomics" (https://www.cshl.edu/research/genomics/). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Retrieved July 2, 2024.
14. "Cancer Center" (https://www.cshl.edu/research/cancer/). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Retrieved July 2, 2024.
15. "Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics" (https://www.cshl.edu/research/neuroscience/stan
ley-institute-for-cognitive-genomics/). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Retrieved June 14,
2024.
16. "Plant Biology - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory" (https://www.cshl.edu/research/plant-biolog
y/#faculty). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
17. IPlant Collaborative and [5] (http://www.iplantcollaborative.org/discover/powered-by-iplant)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140322030156/http://www.iplantcollaborative.org/di
scover/powered-by-iplant) 2014-03-22 at the Wayback Machine
18. "Uplands Farm - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory" (https://www.cshl.edu/research/plant-biolo
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19. "Quantitate Biology" (https://www.cshl.edu/research/quantitative-biology/). Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
20. "New evidence for how blood clots may form in very ill COVID-19 patients" (https://www.prn
ewswire.com/news-releases/new-evidence-for-how-blood-clots-may-form-in-very-ill-covid-19
-patients-301085133.html). Cision PR Newswire. June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
21. "Banbury Center, A Division of CSHL" (https://www.cshl.edu/banbury/). Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory (cshl.edu).
22. "CSHL Courses" (https://meetings.cshl.edu/courseshome.aspx). meetings.cshl.edu.
23. See early DNALC annual reports: 1985: [6] (http://www.dnalc.org/files/pdf/annreppdf/annrep
1985.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160327031538/http://www.dnalc.org/files/
pdf/annreppdf/annrep1985.pdf) March 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine; and 1988: [7] (htt
p://www.dnalc.org/files/pdf/annreppdf/annrep1988.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20160305165041/http://www.dnalc.org/files/pdf/annreppdf/annrep1988.pdf) March 5,
2016, at the Wayback Machine. For the educational milieu at the time hands-on learning
caught on nationally, see: Kyle, Jr. W.C., Bonnstetter, R.J., McClosky, J. & Fults, B.A.
(1985). "What Research Says: Science through discovery: Students love it," Science and
Children, 23 (2), 39-41; Lumpe, A.T. & Oliver, J.S. (1991) "Dimensions of Hands-on
Science," The American Biology Teacher, 53 (6), 345-348; Rutherford, F. J. & Ahlgren, A.
(1990), Science for All Americans (New York: Oxford University Press), p. 186ff.; Schmieder,
A.A. & Michael-Dyer, G. (1991)., "State of the scene of science education in the nation,"
Paper presented at the Public Health Service National Conference, Washington, D.C.
24. DNA Learning Center, 2013 Annual Report, in press.
25. Watson, Edith L. (1991). Houses for Science: a Pictorial History of the Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory (https://books.google.com/books?id=KQHhyobFZfwC&pg=PA20). CSHL Press,
1991. pp. 20–23. ISBN 9780879694036.
26. See Daniel J. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1985); Elof A. Carlson: The Unfit: The History of a Bad Idea (Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001); Jan A. Witkowski and John R. Inglis, eds., Davenport's
Dream: 21st Century Reflections on Heredity and Eugenics (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, 2008)
27. CSHL Archives general search: "eugenics" [8] (http://archives.cshl.edu/R/46IPBANTL4L46S
1C2NMSCVU5J7U8A9ME8UX7G8IJGDYEGERMRV-00790) Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20210224034339/http://archives.cshl.edu/R/46IPBANTL4L46S1C2NMSCVU5J7U8
A9ME8UX7G8IJGDYEGERMRV-00790) February 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
Carnegie Institution of Washington Eugenics Record Office Collection: [9] (http://archives.cs
hl.edu/view/action/singleViewer.do?dvs=1393970326988~232&locale=en_US&DELIVERY_
RULE_ID=7&search_terms=eugenics&adjacency=N&application=DIGITOOL-3&frameId=1&
usePid1=true&usePid2=true) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224090845/http://
archives.cshl.edu/view/action/singleViewer.do?dvs=1393970326988~232&locale=en_US&D
ELIVERY_RULE_ID=7&search_terms=eugenics&adjacency=N&application=DIGITOOL-3&f
rameId=1&usePid1=true&usePid2=true) February 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
Charles B. Davenport Collection: [10] (http://archives.cshl.edu/view/action/singleViewer.do?
dvs=1393970419039~791&locale=en_US&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=7&search_terms=eugeni
cs&adjacency=N&application=DIGITOOL-3&frameId=1&usePid1=true&usePid2=true)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224041655/http://archives.cshl.edu/view/action/
singleViewer.do?dvs=1393970419039~791&locale=en_US&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=7&searc
h_terms=eugenics&adjacency=N&application=DIGITOOL-3&frameId=1&usePid1=true&use
Pid2=true) February 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine The study of human heredity;
Methods of collecting, charting, and analyzing data: [11] (http://archives.cshl.edu/R/46IPBA
NTL4L46S1C2NMSCVU5J7U8A9ME8UX7G8IJGDYEGERMRV-00890?func=results-jump-f
ull&set_entry=000008&set_number=000343&base=GEN01) Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210224054504/http://archives.cshl.edu/R/46IPBANTL4L46S1C2NMSCVU5J7U8A
9ME8UX7G8IJGDYEGERMRV-00890?func=results-jump-full&set_entry=000008&set_numb
er=000343&base=GEN01) February 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine The Eugenics
Record Office at the end of twenty-seven months work: [12] (http://archives.cshl.edu/R/46IP
BANTL4L46S1C2NMSCVU5J7U8A9ME8UX7G8IJGDYEGERMRV-00902?func=results-jum
p-full&set_entry=000011&set_number=000343&base=GEN01) Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20210228203858/http://archives.cshl.edu/R/46IPBANTL4L46S1C2NMSCVU5J7
U8A9ME8UX7G8IJGDYEGERMRV-00902?func=results-jump-full&set_entry=000011&set_n
umber=000343&base=GEN01) February 28, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
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External links
Official website (http://www.cshl.edu)
Dolan DNA Learning Center (http://www.dnalc.org)
Eugenics Archive (http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/)
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (http://www.cshlpress.com)

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