Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 4
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 3: FLUIDS IN PHYSICS
Revision
1. DENSITY Density is a characteristic property of substances
Density is the mass per unit volum
• The Sl unit of density is kg/m3 and the cgs unit of density is g/cm3 All substances have different densities. Often solids have a higher density than liquids because the atoms or molecules are packed more closely in the solids.
• When The density of the substance is compared to the density of water,
we have a relative density.
• Relative density of a substance denotes the number of times a
substance is heavi- er or lighter than water (for the same volume).
2. PRESSURE • Pressure: is defined as the amount of force (thrust) exerted on a surface per unit area.
Pressure (p)=Force/area
• Note: The pressure of a surface can be reduced by increasing the area of
a surface.
• The conclusions of the liquid pressure
1. Liquids exert pressure in all the
directions.
2. Liquid exert equal pressure at the same depth.
3. Pressure exerted by the liquids increases with increase in the height c
column.
• The pressure of the liquids depends on
a) The height (depth) of the fluids b) The density of the fluids c) The acceleration due to the gravity
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
• Atmospheric pressure is defined as the pressure the air exerts on the
earth's sur-face.
PREPARED BY: APDIFATAH BILE
PHYSICS
Barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Because
atmo- spheric pressure changes with distance above or below sea level. A barometer can also be used to measure altitude. There are two types of
barometers: a) Mercury-barometer
b) Aneroid-barometer: The non-liquid barometer is called aneroid. It is
widely used in portable instrument and in aircraft Manometer
• It is a device that measures pressure
the liquid is mercury because of its high density • The difference in the level of the liquids is directly proportional to the
pressure difference in the arms of the manometer.
PASCALS PRINCIPLE.
• The first scientist who discovered this principle is Blaise Pascal in 1647..
Applications of Pascal's principle
• Hydraulic system is a device in which a small applied force can give rise to force. • The hydraulic system is widely used in hydraulic jacks, vehicle brake syste
draulic presses and heavy machinery.
• Buoyant force or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that
opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.
• There are two factors on which upthrust depends -
a) Volume of the body
b) Density of the Liquid. Bernoulli's principle
• It states that "as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases and vice-verse.
Applications of Bernoulli's Principle
• The Air flights.
• Spray gun.
CHAPTER 4: ELECTROSTATICS 1-Define electric circuit?
PREPARED BY: APDIFATAH BILE
PHYSICS
ANS: electrical circuit is the path along which electric current flows 2:what is the difference between cell and battery? ANS:
1) cell; in physics, a single battery is called cell
2) battery: when we have two or more of these calls connected together
3:How many connect electrical components in a circuit?
And definition? ANS: 1) series circuit: the charge has a single path from the battery, returning to the battery.
2) parallel circuit: the charge has multiple paths from the battery, returning to the battery.
4:define electric current?
ANS:electric current is a flow of electric charges called electrons in a conductor
5:What is the SI unit of electric current?
ANS: the s i unit of electic current (C) is called AMPERE
6:name device measure current?
ANS: ammeter
7:what is the direct current? What ii the alternating
current change direction? ANS:
1) DIRECT CURRENT: is flow in only one direction is called DIRECT
CURRENT (DC)
2) ALTERNATING CURRENT: current that changes direction is called
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AD)
8: what is the electrical resistance? ANS: Electrical
resistance is opposition the flow current in electric circuit
9: what is the Sl unit measure resistance?
ANS: the Sl unit of measure resistance is called OHMS
PREPARED BY: APDIFATAH BILE
PHYSICS
10:State ohm's law?
ANS: *the conductor that do obey ohm's is celled OMHIC CONDUCTORS or
LINEAR CONDUCTORS * Conductors that do not obey Ohm's law are called NON OMHIC CONDUCTORS
12:list types of resistance? And define each one?
ANS: 1) FIXED VALUE RESISTANCE:this resistor whose volue remains the same and can't be changed
2)VARIABLE VALUE RESISTOR: this resistor that its volue can be changed to adjust the volue of Current or veltage.
13: list types general application of resistors?
Home electrical appliances like (heater and tv). *
For protection purposes like (fusible resistors) *resistor is used in power
control circuit
14:what is the factors effecting resistance in a
conductor? ANS: 1-area of cross section of the conductor
2-the length of the conductor
3-the material of the conductor is made of
4 the temperature of the conductor
15: what is required to connecting several resistors?
ANS: Stabilize the current. • Divide the current between several resistors.
