With Arduino
Automatic dustbin
Components Required
Arduino Uno (or any compatible microcontroller)
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) - Detects the distance of approaching objects.
Servo Motor - Opens and closes the lid.
Jumper Wires - For connections.
Breadboard - For prototyping.
Battery or Power Supply - To power the Arduino.
Dustbin with a Hinged Lid - A small trash bin to integrate the system.
How It Works
1. The ultrasonic sensor detects when an object (like a hand) comes within a predefined
distance (e.g., 10-15 cm).
2. Arduino processes this data and sends a signal to the servo motor.
3. The servo motor rotates to open the lid.
4. After a set time (e.g., 5 seconds), the servo motor rotates back to close the lid.
Wiring Diagram
Ultrasonic Sensor:
o VCC → Arduino 5V
o GND → Arduino GND
o Trig → Arduino Pin 9
o Echo → Arduino Pin 10
Servo Motor:
o VCC → Arduino 5V
o GND → Arduino GND
o Signal → Arduino Pin 11
Enhancements
1. Battery-Powered Dustbin: Make it portable using a rechargeable battery pack.
2. Trash Level Indicator: Add another ultrasonic sensor to check if the bin is full and notify via
an LED or buzzer.
3. Wi-Fi Control: Integrate an ESP8266 or ESP32 to send notifications to a smartphone when
the bin is full.
4. Solar-Powered Smart Dustbin: Use a solar panel to charge the system, making it eco-
friendly.
Without Arduino
Automatic night lamp
Materials Required
1. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
2. NPN Transistor (e.g., BC547 or 2N2222)
3. Resistors:
o 10 kΩ (for the LDR circuit)
o 330 Ω (for the LED)
4. LED or a small 5V bulb
5. Breadboard and jumper wires
6. Power supply (5V or a 9V battery with a regulator)
How It Works
The LDR changes its resistance based on the light intensity:
o In bright light: Low resistance.
o In darkness: High resistance.
This change in resistance controls the base voltage of the transistor, which acts as a switch.
In darkness, the transistor turns on, completing the circuit to light up the LED or bulb.
Steps to Build
1. Connect the LDR and Resistor:
o One end of the LDR connects to the power supply (+).
o The other end of the LDR connects to the base of the transistor through a 10 kΩ
resistor.
2. Connect the Transistor:
o Connect the emitter pin of the transistor to the ground (-).
o The collector pin will connect to the LED or bulb circuit.
3. Add the LED and Resistor:
o Place the LED in series with a 330 Ω resistor.
o Connect the positive end of the LED to the collector of the transistor.
4. Power the Circuit:
o Connect the power supply (+) to the LDR and the positive terminal of the LED.
o Connect the power supply (-) to the ground.
Testing
Place the LDR in a well-lit environment: The LED should remain off.
Cover the LDR to simulate darkness: The LED should turn on.
