HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
B.Sc. Thesis Proposal (Drowsiness detection and accident prevention)

Name ID Number

1. Ahmed Abdela ……………………………………….…….1726/07

2. Abdulsemed Kedir ………………………………………....1680/07
3. Adugna Tekeba …………………………………………….1724/07
4. Aman Negeso………………………………………………..1752/07

Academic Advisor: Mr. Uppala S.

SUBMISSION DATE: MARCH 25, 2019

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Abstract
Driver Fatigue is one of the major reasons causing most fatal road accidents around the world.
This shows that in the transportation industry specially, where a heavy vehicle driver is often open
to hours of monotonous driving which causes fatigue without frequent rest period. Due to the
frequent driver fatigue occurrence, this has become an area of great socio economic concern.
Consequently, it is very essential to design a road accidents prevention system by detecting driver’s
drowsiness, which determines the level of driver inattention and give a warning when an
impending hazard exists. In this paper the aim is to design a prototype system which detects
driver’s drowsiness based on eye blinking to prevent road accidents.

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List of figure ………………………………………………………………………..…. page no

Figure 7. 1 Block diagram of sleep sensor and alarm system ......................................................... 4
Figure 7. 2 pin diagram of LCD...................................................................................................... 5
Figure 7. 3 Block diagram of power supply ................................................................................... 5

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List of Table ….............................................................................................................. page no

Table 9. 1 cost of material............................................................................................................... 7
Table 10. 2 March month schedule ................................................................................................. 8
Table 10. 3 April month schedule ................................................................................................... 8
Table 10. 4 Month May, Finalizing Documentation and Simulation. ............................................ 8
Table 10. 5 Month June, Hardware design and Presentation .......................................................... 9

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Table of Contents
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ i
List of figure ................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Table ................................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Statement of the problem ............................................................................................................ 1
3. Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 General objective .................................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Specific objective .................................................................................................................. 2
4. Scope of the project .................................................................................................................... 2
5. Literature review ......................................................................................................................... 2
6. Significance................................................................................................................................. 3
7. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 3
7.1 Eye blink sensor design ........................................................................................................ 3
7.2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) .............................................................................................. 4
7.3 Buzzer ................................................................................................................................... 5
7.4 Power supply......................................................................................................................... 5
7.5 Arudino ................................................................................................................................. 6
7.6 GPS Antenna......................................................................................................................... 6
7.7 GSM modem ......................................................................................................................... 6
7.8 software requirement ............................................................................................................ 6
8. Expected outcome ....................................................................................................................... 6
9. Cost breakdown of required components ................................................................................... 7
10. Time schedule ........................................................................................................................... 8
References ..................................................................................................................................... 10

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1. Introduction
Vehicle accident is one of the leading causes of death in the world. It is occurring due to poor
indication of sign boards, drowsy state and drunken state. Most accidents are minor, such as
sideswipes and rear end hits. But some, such as head on collisions can kill peoples
instantaneously. Vehicle accidents happen all the time one drive down the freeway can attest to
that. To avoid getting in to one accident, you need to account safety for yourself as well as for
those who are around the drive way.
It is obvious that now a day’s fatality rate is increases due to car accidents. Most of the time this
occurs because of drunken driver, over speed, fatigue, driving during bad weather ,drowsy driver
and drivers extra activities while driving such as talking on a cellphone, reading magazines, talking
with passengers etc. But in this project vehicle accidents caused by drowsy drivers and deal with
the scientific technique to overcome this problem. Drowsiness, which may also be referred to as
sleepiness, is a naturally occurring bio physiological process. Although it is possible for a person
to be fatigued without being drowsy, drowsiness may be a product of a variety of factors, including
fatigue. Therefore, the difference between the concepts of fatigue and drowsiness is important.
One of the most dangerous out comes of driver drowsiness is rapid onset micro sleeps.
The project mainly emphasis on an eye glass attachable alarm signal device for drivers, preventing
them to fall asleep while driving. It is designed both for day time and for night time
driving. The system designed in this project, will detect driver drowsiness. Once drowsiness is
detected then buzzer will on and turns the vehicle ignition off. Then vehicle will stop
immediately.

2. Statement of the problem

Driver fatigue is a significant factor in a large number of vehicle accidents. The development of
technologies for detecting or preventing drowsiness at the wheel is a major challenge in the field
of accident avoidance systems. Because of the hazard that Drowsiness presents on the road,
methods need to be developed for counteracting its affects. In today’s world where science has
made amazing advances so have the recent cars. These cars are more advanced than ever. But now
a days, due to driver drowsiness accidents are increasing on daily bases. Hence many of passengers
and drivers are died due to this case. This resulted in economic crises and reducing productive
human power of the country.

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3. Objective
3.1 General objective
 To prevent accident which caused by drowsiness.
3.2 Specific objective
 To alert the driver who are at sleep.
 To reduce accident that occur in the road or to reduce the amount of accidents caused by
sleepy drivers.
 To save drivers and passengers life

4. Scope of the project

Sleep related accidents solved or reduced by designing the sensor which is called eye blink
sensor. The system works in the car for the driver who drives the car during night and also day
time. But it is mostly used by night time drivers because mostly drowsiness becomes high in
night time by nature. This sensor senses the eye position either closed or open mode. Then, if
eye is in closed mode the sensor output is high and gives to microcontroller in order to give
alarm sound for preventing that accident which is result of drowsiness driver. Here, the main
scope of this project is to reduce the accidents in cause of driver drowsiness. The system does
not prevent another accidents which are not in cause of drowsiness driver.

5. Literature review
Sensing of physiological characteristics is the possible techniques for detecting drowsiness in
drivers. A man who is Neeta Parmer detect drowsiness of drivers in Ryerson University by this
technique. He illuminates the driver’s face using a 60W light source. The light source is placed in
such a way that the maximum light being reflected back is from the face. To prevent the light
source from distracting the driver, he uses an 850nm filter over the source. Since 850nm falls in
the infrared region, the illumination cannot be detected by the human eye, and hence does not
agitate the driver. The system consists of camera that takes images of the driver’s face. Based on
the use of image processing technology that will be able to accommodate individual driver
differences. The camera is placed in front of the driver, approximately 30 cm away from the face.
The camera must be positioned such that the following criteria are met:
 The driver’s face takes up the majority of the image.

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 The driver’s face is approximately in the center of the image.

The greyscale image is converting to a binary image via thresholding. The output binary image has
values of 0 (black) for all pixels in the original image with luminance less than level and 1 (white)
for all other pixels. The criteria used in choosing the correct threshold was based on the idea that
the binary image of the driver’s face should be majority white, allowing a few black blobs from
the eyes, nose and/or lips [3]

6. Significance
The main aim of the project is that designing an accident avoidance systems for fatal, accidents
which are caused by drowsy drivers. The focus will be placed on designing a system that will
accurately monitor the open or closed state of the driver’s eyes in real-time. According to this
project to diminish car accidents eye blink sensor must be designed to monitor the movement of
driver eyes and alerting buzzer circuit which alerts if the blinking rate of the driver eye is changed.
The most important benefit of an in vehicle system is to promote safety.

7. Methodology
7.1 Eye blink sensor design
An eye blink sensor senses either the driver is sleep or not by using IR sensor that designed in this
project. The sensor consists of two parts. They are IR transmitter and IR receiver. The IR
transmitter is used to transmit the infrared rays in the driver eye and The IR receiver is used to
receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is
high otherwise the IR receiver output is low.
This to know the eye is closing or opening position. The eye blink sensor is connected through
microcontroller, by using this eye sensor to sense blinking time of eye, eye blinking data is send
to the microcontroller. The micro controller compare the overall data and send warning signal to
the driver circuitry system, then it gives alert the entire system.
The block diagram depicts the total blue print of the project. The total essence and the functioning
of the project is represented in a single block diagram. The block diagram mainly consists of eight
parts. They include:
 LCD
 GPRS
 LCD

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 Buzzer
 GSM
 ARDUINO
 Driver Unit
 Eye Blink Sensor

LCD

GRPS

Buzzer
(alarm)

Microcontroller
(Arduino)

Driver
Regulated
unit
Power
Supply

Figure 7. 1 Block diagram of sleep sensor and alarm system

7.2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in between
them. The inner surface of the glass plates are coated with transparent electrodes which define the
character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are present in between the
electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules to maintain a defined
orientation angle. The LCD display consists of two lines, 20 characters per line that is interfaced
with the Arduino.

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Figure 7. 2 pin diagram of LCD

In this project we will use LCD in order to display a certain additional information to easily
understand the system during simulation in proteus.
7.3 Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezo electric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation
of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
7.4 Power supply
All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a power
output that delivers energy to the load. The power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and
then voltage regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a steady dc voltage is obtained by rectifying
the ac voltage, then filtering to a dc level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed dc
voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator unit, which takes a dc
voltage and provides a somewhat lower dc voltage, which remains the same even if the input dc
voltage varies, or the output load connected to the dc voltage changes

transformer rectifier filter regulator

Figure 7. 3 Block diagram of power supply

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7.5 Arudino
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online.
How this will be used in this project
Arduino board will use in this project to write the code for the following purposes.
 Alarming the Buzzer.
 To drive the vehicle.
 For measuring the number of Eye blinks and to compare it with the desired count.
 For sending information through GSM.
 Stop the vehicle.
7.6 GPS Antenna
The content of the message will include the exact position of the concerned vehicle. So that the

help could reach the person as soon as possible.

7.7 GSM modem

1. We can read, write and delete SMS messages.
2. We can start Sending SMS messages.
3. We can reply to a SMS message.
7.8 software requirement
1. Proteus 8.6
2. Arduino compiler ( IDE)

8. Expected outcome
 We will expect that the alarm is work perfectly after hardware installation.
 We hopefully to this hardware prevent accident.
 Arduino easily communicate with GSM, GPS and IR sensor by the programing language.

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9. Cost breakdown of required components

Table 9. 1 cost of material quantity

NO Component Quantity Unit Price Total cost

1 Buzzer 1 50 birr 50 birr

2 GSM Modem 1 250 birr 250 birr

3 Piezo electric sensor 1 100 birr 100 birr

4 Eye blink sensor 1 100 birr 100 birr

5 Arduino Uno 1 500 birr 500 birr

6 GSP antenna 1 250 birr 250 birr

7 LED display 1 150 birr 150 birr

8 Capacitor 5 10 birr 10 birr

9 Resister 5 5 birr 25 birr

10 Diode 6 10 birr 60 birr

11 LED-RED 1 10 birr 10 birr

12 Transistor 1 25 birr 25 birr

13 Dc motor 1 250 birr 250 birr

14 Breadboard 1 150 birr 150 birr

15 Transformer 1 150 birr 150 birr

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10. Time schedule

Table 10. 2 March month schedule

Activities Responsibility
Week No.

Searching for thesis title and writing ALL

Week 1&2 proposal

Week 3&4 Finishing and submission of the proposal ALL

Table 10. 3 April month schedule

Responsibility Remark

Week No. Activities

Collecting resources and All

Week 2(12-15) studying each problem

Circuit design All students participate

Week 4 (25-29)

Table 10. 4 Month May, Finalizing Documentation and Simulation.

Week No. Activities Responsibility Remark

Week1 (2-7) Finalizing design All Group Members

Simulation & Run The All Group Members

Week2 (9-11) Simulation

All Group Members

Week 3 (16-21) Documentation

Prepare available All Group Members with

Week 4 (23-27) component Advisor

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Table 10. 5 Month June, Hardware design and Presentation

Week No. Activities Responsibility Remark

Week 1 (1-6) Hardware design & complete All

project

Week 3 (20-22) Project submission and defending All

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References
[1]. Weirwille, W.W. “Overview of Research on Driver Drowsiness Definition and Driver
Drowsiness Detection,”14th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles,
1994
[2]. Optics and optical communication textbook.
[3]. Neeta Parmar, “Drowsy Driver Detection System”, 2002.
[4]. http://www.marktechopto.com/photosensorapplicationnotes.cfm.

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